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Obdobie staršej dospelosti je aj pre psychológiu príležitosť urobiť syntézu svojej prírodovednej tradície a filozofickej tradície. Psychológia sa takto môže lepšie napojiť na mentálnu prácu ľudí žijúcich toto vekové obdobie staršej dospelosti usilujúcich v rozličnej miere o komplexicitu vo svojom živote. Psychológia môže pomôcť tomuto úsiliu, pretože celistvosť človeka je aj programom jej rozvoja. Publikácia rozpoznáva seniora nie len ako objekt, ale aj ako subjekt usilujúci o svoju podmetovosť na jeho celoživotnej ceste. Priatie veku hľadá svoje optimálne vyjadrenie a je možné najmä v súvsťažností psychologického a spirituálneho vývinu človeka. Psychológia staršieho človeka objavuje starobu nie ako totalitu vyraďujúcu človeka z cyklu života, ale ako obdobie výberu pre život dôležitých domén spojených s preladením do vnútra, ktoré doceňuje pokoj. V tejto optike sa selektujú veci a javy tak aby nerušili, ale harmonizovali. To nie je odmietnutie vonkajšieho, ale rozlíšenie kedy dáva zmysel. Staroba preveruje aj spoločnosť , verejnosť, ktorá by mala odrážať úroveň procesov starostlivosti o duševno. Aby svet urobilo užitočným pre človeka, ale je aj dôvodom ako to vyjadril Patočka samotnej starostlivosti o toto duševno. Pozícia starého človeka v spoločnosti je obrazom toho akú váhu spoločnosť prikladá duševnému životu ľudí. Publikácia prináša poznatky psychologickej povahy o tomto vekovom období a v špeciálnej časti informácie okolo pomáhania a poradenstva.
Autor
Ekologická etika ako typ aplikovanej etiky sa orientuje: 1. problémovo – poukazuje na konkrétne problémové oblasti poškodzovania prírody, napr. toxické odpady, kyslé dažde a i., riešia sa zložité prepojenia etických, technických, ekonomických a politických otázok, otázok medzinárodného práva a bezpečnosti; alebo sa fundament ekologických problémov odhaľuje ako: 2. odcudzenie človeka od hlbokých koreňov bytia, od biotopu, od vlastnej prirodzenosti, od existenčného habitatu, resp. zodpovednosti voči svetu prírody atď. Tu vystupuje do popredia požiadavka inkrementálneho rozšírenia morálky – pozornosť sa sústreďuje na problematiku rozšírenej etizácie a hodnotovej autonómie všetkých fragmentov biosféry (diskusie o možnostiach proprírodnej axiológie). Tretí typ koncepcií odkrýva príčinu ekologickej krízy: 3. v prevládajúcich postojoch moderného Západu k prírode; ich cieľom je vybudovať od základu nové axiologické, ontologické a etické východiská reflektujúce alternatívne postoje voči prírode.
Autorka
Obdobie staršej dospelosti predstavuje dôležitú ľudskú skúsenosť. Poradenstvo môže prispieť k tomu, aby to bola formatívna a osobnosť rozvíjajúca skúsenosť. Poradenstvo chápeme ako takú aplikáciu osobnosti do oblasti jej konania, ktorá rozvíja jej bytie. Vychádzame z aplikácie vývinu do poradenstva a naväzujeme na prácu Úvod do poradenskej psychológie, ktorá bola publikovaná skôr. V týchto učebných textoch sme rozpracovali podrobnejšie kapitolu, poradenstvo starším dospelým. Publikovaná práca môže prispieť k porozumeniu a podpore tohto dôležitého obdobia v živote človeka.
Autor
Predložený vysokoškolský učebný text „ Úvod do poradenskej psychológie „ poskytuje študentovi jednak komplexnejší pohľad na disciplínu poradenskej psychológie, ale zároveň obsahuje kapitoly, ktoré mu približujú konkrétnejšie samotný proces poradenstva a problematiku pomáhajúcich spôsobilosti v poradenstve. Okrem toho publikácia obsahuje kapitolu, ktorá prináša niektoré paradigmy poradenskej psychológie. Dôležitou časťou publikácie je kapitola v ktorej sa aplikuje vývin do poradenstva. Táto časť práce obsahuje pod kapitoly: poradenstvo deťom, proaktívne poradenstvo adolescentom a poradenstvo starším dospelým. Súčasťou publikácie je kapitola o etike , ktorá súvisí s poradenskou psychológiou. Predložené učebné texty sa opierajú o relevantné teoretické pramene a sprístupňujú ich študentovi. Možno povedať, že predložená práca s inými prispieva svojim dielom k zaplneniu veľkej medzery, ktorá v tejto aplikovanej oblasti psychológie vznikla v posledných dvoch desaťročiach.
Behavior, in the slovak language expressed as an intention, belongs to basic mental processes of every individual. In this work I consider it as the basic component of an individual having two sides, outer- and inner side. I present it in the scheme No. 2.
The problem of behavior can not be fully covered, although there is a lot of writing, discussing and experimenting by ancient time.
The work may offer only few comments, approaching maily disorders of behavior. I present the original explanation of these disorders, dividing them on primary and derived ones. Primary disorders create the core of the disorder, derived disorders create a component of other disorders.
My classification of primary disorders is as follows:
The work is addresses to everone who is interested in his/her owm behavior, but especially for the Medical faculty and psychiatrists, for students of all our faculties.
Author
Otázky človeka, jeho bytia, násilie znepokojujú ľudí od najdávnejších čias ľudskej spoločnosti a sú nemalými problémami aj v prítomnosti. V tejto pôvodnej práci, ktorej predchádzali viaceré štúdie autora (najpodrobnejšie Kafka, 2002), sa zameriavam na opísanie násilia vo všetkých základných formách, čo je jednou z jej osobitostí. Podávam operačný výmer násilia:
Násilie je vedomá ľudská činnosť využívajúca ako prostriedok násilného činu fyzickú alebo psychickú silu na ovplyvnenie druhého človeka (pri pôsobení na seba ide o zvláštny prípad násilia), ktorý potom koná pod vplyvom tohto pôsobenia nedobrovoľne, z donútenia.
Nazdávam sa, že násilie charakterizuje určitá situácia, v ktorej sa stretávajú najmenej dvaja ľudia: aktér násilia a obeť násilia, alebo sa stretajú dvaja aktéri a jeden z nich sa zvyčajne stane obeťou. To je však osobitný prípad, ktorým sa teraz nebudem zaoberať. Ak je násilie zamerané proti vlastnej osobe, je aktér násilia súčasne aj obeťou. Aktér, ktorého osobnosť a motívy bývajú rôzne, začína násilný čin využívajúc pritom viaceré prostriedky a pôsobí nimi na druhého človeka, ktorého núti vykonávať svoju vôľu, čím sa tento stáva obeťou. Celý akt má určité následky. Napadnutý sa môže brániť tak, že násilie zvládne alebo to môže skončiť tragicky, keď násiliu podľahne. Táto relatívne jednoduchá reakcia sa stáva zložitejšou pri skupinovej forme násilia a celkom neprehľadnou pri hromadnom násilí.
Opisujem tieto základné formy násilia:
Práca končí krátkou analýzou liečby násilného správania a dôsledkov násilia s možnosťami jej prevencie. Opieram sa aj o vlastné skúsenosti s prejavmi násilia v psychiatrických zariadeniach. Nazdávam sa, že je to práca veľmi aktuálna, informatívna, ale aj pôvodná, lebo podáva v koncentrovanej podobe celý rozsiahly fenomén násilia s jeho základnými charakteristikami. Podobnú prácu v našej literatúre nemáme.
Autor
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Renáta Cenková - Lucia Jasinská(eds.)
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference held on October 23 and 24, 2013 at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
The presented proceedings, which are the outcome of the second edition of the international scientific conference "The Twilight of Media," organized by the Department of Mass Media Studies at the Department of Slovak Studies, Slavic Philologies and Communication, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, examine current issues in the media landscape from several perspectives.
They offer a representative overview by experts in media from Slovakia and abroad on the current state, primarily of electronic but also partially print media, and on upcoming trends in their development. The proceedings are thematically diverse and address questions from the fields of media, aesthetics, value aspects of media messages, media effects, and, for example, the influence of specific genres and their representative texts on the recipient.
At the same time, they cover the area of current media law as well as ethical standards and requirements placed on the text by its author or other professional media workers.
Editors
Súbor na stiahnutie (pdf)
Význam vedomia pre každého človeka ale aj pre poznávanie je taký rozhodujúci, že by bolo nesprávne hovoriť o ňom iba pri psychických procesoch, lebo je jadrom ľudskej individuality a práve vedomím sa človek odlišuje od ostatných živých tvorov.
Je potešujúce, že nová oblasť poznávania označovaná ako veda o mysli začína sa vedomím zaoberať podrobnejšie a vylučuje tvrdenia, že vedomie nejestvuje hoci zatiaľ hovorí podľa mojej mienky iba o bazálnom vedomí a jej interpretácie prekračujú zistené fakty.
V svojej odbornej činnosti a aj v učebniciach som rozlišoval dve cesty poznávania vedomia a iba postupne som si uvedomil, že mám pred sebou dva úrovne vedomia. V tejto práci rozlišujem tieto dve úrovne:
Ak bazálne vedomie vyjadruje bdenie a spánok, tiež pozornosť a gnostické rozpoznávanie, teda idiognózia a somatognózia, rozvinuté vedomie predpokladá reč a vytvára také prejavy, ktoré označujeme ako duševné, teda identita, sebarealizáciu, čo vyjadruje schopnosť uvedomovania si seba, okolia, spoločnosti ale aj všetkého čo sme schopní poznať.
Také chápanie je blízke výkladu fyziológa Pavlova o dvoch signálnych sústavách a chápaniu Poppera o treťom svete ale aj ďalšie náhľady, nikto však neurobil určitejšie závery a nedošiel k náhľadu, že naše vedomie má dvojvrstevnú podobu, dve úrovne.
Napriek rozsiahlej a takmer neprehľadnej literatúre vieme o vedomí málo, okrem toho, že je to schopnosť uvedomovania, teda schopnosť uvedomiť si, že jestvujem, že som, že jestvujú aj iní ľudia, že jestvuje niečo čo označujeme ako svet ako nepredstaviteľný vesmír. Uvedomujem si, že som individualitou jedinečnou, ale limitovanou narodením a smrťou a že mám aj zmysel svojho bytia. Toto uvedomovanie, akokoľvek spochybňované je pre človeka prítomné v jeho poznávaní, hoci nemáme zmysly, ktorými by sme vedeli lokalizovať jeho prítomnosť v mozgu, ale svojou charakteristikou s dynamikou a integráciou má však duševný charakter, odlišný od ostatných prejavov mozgovej činnosti.
Práca sa pokúša v deviatich kapitolách osvetliť, čo sa chápe pojmom bazálne a rozvinuté vedomie a možno ju rozdeliť do troch okruhov:
V prvých šiestich kapitolách diela hovorí o vedomí ako o doméne bytia človeka, podáva sa preto výklad vedomia a jeho rozlíšenie, potom sa hovorí o kolobehu života a rozvoji vedomia, kladie sa otázka vedomia u stavovcov, potom náhľady filozofické a metodológia skúmania vedomia. Nasledujú ďalšie kapitoly, ktoré analyzujú podrobnejšie dve formy, úrovne vedomia, sú to kapitoly 7-9, začínajú analýzou individuality človeka, lebo to je báza vedomia aj jeho foriem, ďalej kapitoly o bazálnom vedomí a rozvinutom vedomí, čo považujem za jadro predkladanej práce. Napokon sa opisujú niektoré poruchy vedomia, ktoré dokladajú realitu vedomia v podobe jej porúch ale aj možnosti rozlíšenia dvoch úrovní, ktoré sa dajú zistiť pri starostlivom štúdiu a pri práci s chorými.
Kniha je základní odbornou učebnicí pro studijní obor zaměřený na sociální činnosti. Jejím cílem je seznámit žáky se základy sociální péče, poskytované jednotlivým skupinám obyvatel. Umožní jim získat všeobecný přehled v oblasti komplexní sociální péče, orientaci v systému sociálních služeb, možnost aplikovat vhodné přístupy, organizaci a metody při práci s klienty různých skupin obyvatel dle věku a formy postižení, sociální péči o jednotlivce, rodinu, komunitu.
E-book
The English language study materials are intended for students of geography and general ecology at the Faculty of Science of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University. Their aim is to broaden communicative language competencies at an intermediate level of English proficiency, with an emphasis on the students’ field of study.
The individual chapters are based on the need for specialization within the various natural science disciplines and on preparing students to present their academic results not only at home, but also abroad. The study material contains a variety of texts, quizzes, exercises, maps, etc., which further illustrate the issues relevant to the field.
This material is intended to serve as a foundation for the future creation of even more precise materials needed for teaching specialized foreign language courses.
E-book
In front of you is a textbook whose main aim is to introduce readers to the issues of methods, methodology, techniques, and research methodology in social work. The book is divided into four main sections, each arranged with a specific purpose. This arrangement is primarily based on the logical progression of the textbook’s content. The first part consists of chapters dealing with professional terminology, the development of social work methodology, and the classification of methods.
The second part focuses on research methods in social work, where the author devotes space to the methodology of social work research. The goal of these chapters is not to provide the reader with a comprehensive methodological minimum, but rather to orient them in the basic types of research and to demonstrate, step by step, how to create a research project. The third part presents an overview of the various forms of social work: social work with individuals, families, groups, communities, and society. Each of these chapters begins with a brief historical introduction to the topic. The final section of the textbook consists of chapters on working with aggression in social work practice and its various forms.
We believe that this textbook will be helpful to students in their studies and that its structure will appeal to readers.
Soňa Lovašová
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The university textbook presents a panorama of ecological-ethical concepts - ecological ethics, as a possibility of cultural development and indicates the continuing search for relationships with the aim to recognize the importance of ethics and its influence on our understanding and our relationship with the natural world, including scenarios adequately reflecting human-nature interaction in all their complexity.
Special attention is paid to the question of internal evaluation of nature, human and non-human life, both at individual and holistic levels (biocentrism) and the value of physical elements of ecosystems (ecocentrism).
E-book
Gabriel Eštok- Mária Hrehová- Jakub Bardovič (eds.)
Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Scientific Conference of Students and Young Researchers held on May 23, 2014, by the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
On May 23, 2014, the Department of Political Science at the Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice hosted a conference entitled “Challenges and Perspectives of Domestic and Foreign Policy.” This was the third conference for students and young researchers organized by the Department of Political Science in cooperation with the civic association Res Publica. The event featured numerous young people interested in contemporary political issues, each presenting on a topic related to domestic or foreign policy. It can be stated that these presentations were of a high professional standard and stimulated discussion on the topics and problems raised.
The publication you are holding is a collection of scholarly works by students and young experts who focused on a variety of subjects. Some authors addressed issues of foreign policy, particularly the analysis of selected countries’ policies (Slovak Republic, USA), examined the Iranian nuclear program, or explored the possibilities of federalizing Ukraine as a solution to the emerging situation. Another contribution offered a perspective on foreign policy from the viewpoint of Slovak emigrants in Australia. Despite the wide range of topics addressed in the individual contributions, a common denominator can be found: the effort to highlight a particular problem or propose its solution, thereby contributing to the fulfillment of the ideal of democracy, the improvement of policy-making and functioning, and, above all, making the world a better place for all of us.
Editors
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Proceedings from the Scientific Conference with International Participation held on November 27, 2015 in Košice
Stress is becoming a part of everyday life in developed societies, which negatively affects both the physical and mental state of individuals. The proceedings from the scientific conference with international participation, titled "Forms of Internal and External Factors in Coping with Stress from the Perspective of Theory and Practice in Social Work," are therefore dedicated to the issue of coping with stress from an interdisciplinary perspective.
It addresses the full spectrum of coping issues, ranging from the most internal, specifically defined factors of the C-system of coping in oncology patients, coping with burnout in helping professions, sociological contexts of oncological diseases, through the level of social support that provides individuals with space for managing stress, to the possibilities of coping with stressful situations in various areas of life.
E-book
Lukáš Šutor (ed.)
Contributions in the field of psychology address current issues such as normative beliefs and attitudes regarding alcohol consumption, the characteristics of loneliness, questions of pupil personality and the perception of teachers’ interaction styles. They also consider hyperexcitability (excessive psychological excitability), research theorems on injustice, and fundamental concepts and their theoretical connections in the field of self-regulation research within the context of executive functions.
In philosophy, the authors focus on selected aspects of works belonging to major currents of world philosophy (Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Plotinus, Descartes, Patočka).
In literary studies (Slovak studies), the topics include modeling the theme of death in prose texts, the depiction of technological progress in space science fiction films, and the translation work of K. Strmeň, Návštevy (Anthology of World Lyric Poetry).
In the field of social work, the authors present contributions on current trends in preventing burnout syndrome in helping professions, the use of logotherapy in foster care, certain factors enabling the emergence, development, and spread of socially pathological phenomena (“cyberbullying”), religiosity and the value of human life, and an empirical analysis of the competencies of social workers in institutional care for people with intellectual disabilities.
The political science contribution analyzes selected institutions and documents within the European system of human rights protection, while the British and American studies paper examines the relationship between metaphor and metonymy in the interpretation of the meaning of new English compounds.
E-book
Gabriel Eštok - Renáta Bzdilová - Jakub Bardovič
Proceedings of the 4th Annual Scientific Conference of Students and Young Scholars, held on May 14 and 15, 2015, by the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, in cooperation with the civic association Res Publica, are part of the project VVGS-2014-214. Title: The Electoral Census in the 21st Century.
This proceedings volume is the result of the fourth conference of its kind, which provides a platform for the young scientific community to meet and discuss political issues of the Slovak Republic as well as the international political scene. Once again, it can be stated that the discussion was stimulating and of a high qualitative level. The selection of topics reflects the interests of the young scientific community.
The resulting publication discusses and analyzes a wide range of diverse problems and issues that the young scientific community in Central Europe addresses in connection with citizenship and civil society. Topics such as civil society; the relationship between citizen and state; the hypersocial networked society; the potential of civil society in reducing corruption in public administration under the conditions of the Slovak Republic; barriers to political participation-the electoral census and its historical context in Slovak conditions; dual citizenship; protection of human rights in a democratic society; motherhood; the position of women in Islam or the status of Jewish women; protection of victims of crime; women in revolutions or the role of women’s civic associations in the context of the Ukrainian crisis; Chinese interests in the Arctic or the issue of labor camps and human rights violations-all enrich this publication with perspectives and analyses from young people with strong scientific potential.
Our common goal is to stimulate interest in the study of a wide range of societal issues and to contribute our perspectives to attempts at solving the topics raised.
E-book
The textbook Lectiones grammaticae Latinae I is primarily intended for first-year students specializing in Latin Language and Literature at the Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.
It was created out of the practical need to provide students with easy electronic access to the grammar material covered in the order in which it appears in the lessons of the Latin exercise book used in the course.
For this reason, it also includes grammatical topics that go beyond Latin morphology, which forms the main content of the grammar course in the first year of study. However, if necessary, it can also be used by students of other study programs that include Latin as part of their curriculum.
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Renáta Orosová - Zuzana Boberová - Emília Marcinová (eds.)
Proceedings of Abstracts from the International Scientific Conference, 12–13 September 2016
The international scientific conference is focused on issues of education and upbringing within primary, secondary, and higher education, as well as school institutions, from the perspective of the educator. Emphasis is placed on the current state and prospects of educators in educational practice, pedagogical and sociological aspects of upbringing in fundamental educational and upbringing institutions, as well as current aspects of pre-service teacher training.
The conference is intended for researchers, young university teachers, doctoral students, as well as professional and pedagogical staff, with the aim of presenting the educator-teacher, social pedagogue, and special pedagogue-from a contemporary perspective, highlighting their essential cooperation in relation to education, and stimulating discussion on current issues in the presented areas of upbringing and education within the context of the present situation in the school system.
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The collection of studies included in the monographic publication Spirituality in the (Re)interpretation of Works of Slovak Literature was created and matured gradually, over the course of more than ten years (2003–2015).
Some of the studies were part of the defended dissertation Compositional and Semantic Specifics of Slovak Interwar Prose (Prešov 2005), others originated within scientific research (grant) projects, but all were refined against the background of specifying selected methodological approaches. The studies were gradually published in academic journals and scientific anthologies both in Slovakia and abroad (precise details are provided in the footnotes as well as in the editorial note).
In the monograph, they are arranged according to the period of their creation, not publication, in order to preserve the genesis of the author’s scientific research profile. Their arrangement also secondarily respects the analytical-interpretative intersections into the poetics of specific texts. This is why the works on Slovak interwar literature are presented first, followed by those focused on the works of Slovak realists.
E-book
Renáta Orosová - Zuzana Boberová
The university textbook "Pregraduate Teacher Preparation – Organization of Pedagogical Practice at UPJŠ" reflects the changes that have occurred in the pregraduate preparation of students of academic subject teaching in connection with the comprehensive accreditation in 2015. It is intended for students of the second level of university studies in the study programs of Academic Subject Teaching at the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Science at UPJŠ in Košice. The aim of the university textbook is to provide theoretical foundations and methodological guidelines for the organization of all types of pedagogical practice carried out under the conditions of UPJŠ.
Preparation for the teaching profession has both theoretical and practical components. While theoretical academic preparation focuses on acquiring and developing knowledge, skills, and competencies in pedagogy, psychology, and the scientific disciplines of the teaching subjects, practical professional preparation is oriented towards preparing for the actual performance of the profession, i.e., the didactic aspect of the teaching process. A significant part of the practical preparation for the teaching profession is realized within the subject of pedagogical practice, which at UPJŠ takes four forms/levels – Observational pedagogical-psychological practice, Ongoing teaching practice, Continuous teaching practice I, and Continuous teaching practice II.
Vladimír Leško - Věra Schifferová - Róbert Stojka - Pavol Tholt a kol.
Filozofické dedičstvo Jana Patočku ponúka vo svojom celku významné reflektovanie novovekého filozofického myslenia. V našich doterajších domácich historicko-filozofických skúmaniach sa však doposiaľ tejto skutočnosti venovala len veľmi malá pozornosť. Z uvedeného dôvodu je preto prirodzené, že sa chceme po prvýkrát pokúsiť o celostnejšie zachytenie Patočkovho chápania novovekej filozofie. Kolektívna monografia Patočka a grécka filozofia, ktorú sme spracovali ako prvý výstup riešenia projektu APVV, dostáva tak svoje pokračovanie v druhej monografii Patočka a novoveká filozofia. Zavŕšenie nášho úsilia bude potom predstavovať kolektívna monografia Patočka a filozofia 20. storočia.
V predkladanej práci nám ide o predstavenie rozhodujúceho odkazu novovekej filozofie v Patočkovom filozofickom diele. Význam jeho filozofickej výpovede k tomuto dejinno-filozofickému útvaru je prekvapujúco stále živým, aktuálnym filozofickým dedičstvom, bez pochopenia ktorého sa dá len veľmi ťažko komplexne uchopiť hodnota Patočkovho filozofického odkazu. Tomuto poznaniu sme podriadili ako výber, tak aj obsahové naplnenie jednotlivých kapitol našej novej práce.
Cieľom predkladanej monografie je predovšetkým čo najkomplexnejšie predstaviť Patočkov koncept filozofie dejín, aj keď si uvedomujem, že to vôbec nie je ľahká úlo-ha, nielen preto, ako už bolo spomenuté, že v súčasnosti neexistuje rozsiahlejšia a vyčerpávajúca práca k tejto téme. Existuje síce pomerne veľké množstvo štúdií , venovaných Patočkovmu konceptu filozofie dejín, žiadna z nich však neskúma tento koncept komplexným pohľadom, ako určitý celok – zväčša sú zamerané na niektoré parciálne problémy (a nie je ich málo), vyplývajúce z tohto konceptu. Aj tento fakt, mimochodom, je pre mňa samého dôkazom toho, že ide jednoznačne o veľmi náročnú tému.
Ivica Hajdučeková (ed.)
Recenzovaný zborník z interného seminára KSSFaK FF UPJŠ konaného pri príležitosti životného jubilea prof. PhDr. Jána Sabola, DrSc., 26. marca 2009 je prvým spoločným počinom jazykovednej, literárnovednej a mediálnej orientácie novovzniknutej katedry. Po slávnostnom príhovore dekana FF UPJŠ prof. PhDr. J. Gbúra, CSc., je uvedená prednáška jubilujúceho prof. PhDr. Jána Sabola, DrSc. Vzťah segmentov a suprasegmentov v zvukovej rovine. Ďalej sú do dvoch častí Jazyk a Literatúra rozdelené príspevky jednotlivých členov katedry, ale aj prvých doktorandov. Tematický záber roztvára najprv problematiku jednotlivých rovín jazyka (zvukovú stránku jazyka, experimentálnu fonetiku, dialektológiu, morfológiu aj lexikológiu), potom literárnovedných disciplín (verzológie, genológie, metodológie, textovej semiotiky) aj mediológie.
Pokus o konfrontáciu Gadamerovho učenia nielen s velikánmi gréckej filozofie, ale aj s Hegelom a Heideggerom nie je jednoduchá úloha. Celá Gadamerova historicko-filozofická tvorba je však najvýraznejšie spojená s týmito antickými mysliteľmi a s dvoma géniami nemeckého filozofického myslenia. Preto niet vyhnutia. Bez tejto konfrontácie by bolo celé moje úsilie v istom zmysle zbytočné. To, či a ako sa mi to podarí, je už iná otázka. Každý čitateľ si určite vytvorí svoj vlastný úsudok.
E-book
The ethics of care offers inspiring ways to think about the relationships and connections we are part of. It provides a new and unconventional reading and understanding of human relationships, thereby enabling us to respond in new and appropriate ways to certain empirical challenges (Pettersen 2011, p. 51).
Just twenty-five years ago, thinking about care was associated with women’s decisions in the private sphere concerning their personal dilemmas and problems. Over the last two decades, advocates of the ethics of care have demonstrated that the ideal of care has the potential to regulate not only private behavior but also human interactions in general.
Today, ideas about care have the power to change how we evaluate personal relationships, professional conduct, public policy, international relations, and global issues. The relevance of the ethics of care in such a wide range of areas of life, many of which are characterized by mutual incompatibilities and conflicting interests, is conditioned by several factors. However, one of the most significant is the creativity and fruitfulness of the thinking of the representatives of the ethics of care, who develop ethical concepts, models, and methods capable of grasping and analyzing human relationships in all their diversity (Pettersen 2011, p. 52).
Compared to traditional ethical concepts and theories in moral philosophy, the ethics of care introduces radically different sets of models and normative concepts. Today, it is precisely feminist ethics of care that offers a critical reflection on care within the realm of moral philosophy, ethics, and social philosophy. The aim of this publication is to identify the concept, subject, approach, philosophical foundations and starting points, as well as the possibilities for applying the ethics of care as a specific moral approach and, at the same time, as a specific moral theory in the field of social science and humanities research.
E-book
Scholars whose works constitute medieval philosophy were active as theologians, jurists, physicians, and sometimes even poets. Among them, there is hardly anyone who could be described exclusively as a philosopher.
For theologians and (religious) jurists, the primary source of their philosophical reflection was the Bible or the Qur’an. The second source was the philosophical heritage of the preceding antiquity, in which the figure of Aristotle and his commentators dominated. The Peripatetic legacy was complemented by followers of Plato in the long line of so-called Neoplatonic philosophy (e.g., Plotinus, Iamblichus, and Proclus), which in its beginnings developed within the environment of Hellenistic schools.
It is therefore not surprising that the main philosophical problem for medieval scholars was the relationship between theology and philosophy, or faith and reason, and, consequently, the relationship between theology and metaphysics. In the context of Christian thought, this was already discussed in the 2nd century, when some Church Fathers questioned the value of secular learning for those to whom the truth had been revealed by God.
E-book
Tatiana Kimáková a kol.
Ethics, as the science of the proper realization of human potential in various areas of life, also extends into the environment. For understanding the ethical aspects in this field, a thorough knowledge of the individual components of the environment, as well as their impact not only on humans but on all living nature, is very important. Therefore, questions concerning the influence of the environment are increasingly at the forefront of interest from an ethical perspective, also in connection with existing legal norms.
The modern process of civilization is characterized by rapid development of science and technology. However, this development, while raising the standard of living on one hand, also brings negative side effects on the other. The result is the disruption of ecological, biological, and natural life conditions, especially in the areas of industrial centers. The development of individual branches of industry leads to the production of liquid, gaseous, and solid wastes, the emergence of harmful risk factors threatening various components of living nature, including humans. There may be increased bioaccumulation of hazardous chemical elements in organisms, which, through their effects, represent a potential risk also in terms of carcinogenesis and mutagenesis.
For this reason, an important role of society is to create conditions to prevent the release of emissions and to reduce their concentration to the lowest possible, socially and biologically acceptable level. The assessment of the biological effects of harmful substances is based on experimental and epidemiological studies. Knowledge of concentration and duration of exposure is crucial for applying dose-effect relationships and for determining the highest permissible concentrations of pollutants. The health of the population, as a universal value and a primary human right, represents a fundamental economic resource not only for the individual, but also for society as a whole.
E-kniha
Silvia Farkašová Iannaccone a kol.
The history of ethics represents the search for a fundamental principle that would enable a person to distinguish between moral and immoral, good and evil, or right and wrong. The main issues are the motives, methods, and consequences of human actions.
The integrity of the medical profession emphasizes lifelong study and practice according to professional competence, and, last but not least, adherence to ethical principles and standards of medical ethics. Medical ethics and the related communication in the process of providing healthcare are becoming increasingly relevant topics. Communication between doctor and patient itself constitutes a very important part of the diagnostic process and treatment; it significantly contributes to the creation of a mutual relationship and, to a considerable extent, ensures patient cooperation.
The development of various information and network technologies allows for rapid communication even in medicine; however, a kind word and real contact with the patient, with an appropriate choice of verbal and nonverbal communication tools in personal contact, cannot be replaced by modern technology. The present era places demands on certain communication skills of the physician. Another ethical and legal issue is informed consent, which brings the patient’s active participation in the process of providing healthcare.
The presented publication provides basic information about medical ethics, communication in medicine in general, and communication skills in medical practice. Further chapters are devoted to the issue of informed consent, ethics, and the specifics of communication with selected groups of patients. We believe that this publication will clarify for the reader the basic ethical pillars and will be helpful for basic orientation in the issues of medical communication.
E-book
Nikita Bobrova kol.
The concept of medical ethics is interpreted as both applied and professional ethics. As a bioethical discipline, it consists of three normative parts: biogenesis, biotherapy, and thanatology. From an ethical perspective, medicine is part of clinical bioethics; however, at the current stage, “evidence-based ethics” is still lacking.
In the context of standardizing health care, there is an excessive development of certain components of bioethics (such as ethical codes and the concept of patient autonomy), but also a reduction, especially of its clinical component (such as communication, thanatology, euthanasia, dysthanasia, and futile treatment). Current legislative efforts are leading to a reduction in the rights of health care workers, particularly in terms of corporate autonomy.
The fundamental task of medical ethics is the cultivation of medical professionalism, which is defined as the professional alignment of expert, ethical, and legal reasoning, and as a starting point for thinking in terms of values, with reflection on the bioethical space in clinical and professional practice.
Since society declares health as its priority, this priority should positively influence the entire health care system, and its basic idea should be a health care system based on a humanistic ethical paradigm with social and professional application.
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E-book
Iveta Cimbolákováa kol.
The premise “today’s research shapes the healthcare of tomorrow” expresses the importance of medical research and the reason for its pursuit. Scientific research and advances in biomedical sciences, as well as their application in medical practice and in the process of delivering healthcare, nevertheless bring new problems in the area of ethics.
Biomedical research itself requires the precise definition of hypotheses, which are tested both under laboratory conditions and on experimental animals. Although clinical studies on human subjects are expected to benefit individual participants and to advance fundamental biomedical knowledge, they also entail certain risks depending on the nature of the research. These risks must be minimized, and the experiment should be conducted freely while also taking place within specific measures to protect all involved-not only the test subjects, but also the researchers themselves.
The presented publication provides an overview of the general conditions and ethical principles of research involving laboratory animals and human subjects, the issue of professional and ethical assessment of projects, as well as fraud and the publication of results. At present, we are witnessing tremendous progress in molecular biological sciences, which brings ethical dilemmas also in the field of genetics. For this reason, one of the chapters is devoted to the latest findings in this area.
Slovenčina
