Sociálna práca: formy, postupy a metódy

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Jozef Bavoľár

Rozhodovanie sa je našou každodennou činnosťou, či už ide o rozhodnutie o takých bežných záležitostiach, ako čo si dáme na raňajky alebo o tom, pre akú prácu sa rozhodneme po skončení školy. Práve kvôli ďalekosiahlym dôsledkom, ktoré môže mať jedno rozhodnutie na celý náš život, ide o oblasť, ktorej bola v psychológii venovaná veľká pozornosť. Veď klasické ciele psychológie ako popísanie, vysvetlenie či predvídanie ľudského správania sú vlastne pokusmi o vysvetlenie rozhodovania, snahou o nájdenie a popísanie faktorov, ktoré naň pôsobia. Snažia sa o to základné psychologické disciplíny ako psychológia emócií a motivácie, kognitívna psychológia, sociálna psychológia či psychológia osobnosti. V predkladanom texte prevláda najmä kognitívny prístup, sústreďujúci sa na proces spracovania a využívania informácií. Keďže je len veľmi málo skutočností, ktorých výskytom v budúcnosti si môžeme byť úplne istí, základnými pojmami sú slová vyjadrujúce neurčitosť smerom do budúcnosti, ako sú neistota, riziko, objektívna a subjektívna pravdepodobnosť. Hlavnou otázkou je teda spracovanie informácií prichádzajúcich z prostredia a proces ich využitia v procese tvorby rozhodnutí. Sú popísané faktory, ktoré vplývajú na formovanie úsudkov i na tvorbu konečného rozhodnutia. Keď sa pozrieme napr. na príčiny finančnej a následnej ekonomickej krízy, začínajúcej v roku 2008, vidíme že jedným z hlavných faktorov jej vzniku bolo nesprávne vnímanie pravdepodobností, považovanie rizikových investícií za veľmi bezpečné. Dúfam, že predkladaný text napomôže k efektívnejšiemu usudzovaniu a rozhodovaniu, aby sa vám podobné osobné krízy, ktoré by mohli byť následkom nesprávneho úsudku, vyhli. Istým opodstatnením vydania učebného textu je aj nedostatok pôvodnej literatúry venujúcej sa prezentovanej problematike, aj keď už aj v našich podmienkach je psychológia rozhodovania oblasťou záujmu stále väčšieho počtu výskumníčok a výskumníkov.

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Lukáš Šutor

Zborník príspevkov z medzinárodného vedeckého kolokvia Ľudová rozprávka súvislostiach (12. decembra 2022 v Košiciach)

Zborník príspevkov Ľudová rozprávka v súvislostiach predkladáme odbornej verejnosti ako výstup z rovnomenného medzinárodného vedeckého kolokvia, ktoré sa uskutočnilo 12. decembra 2022. Naším cieľom bolo aj touto cestou otvoriť diskusiu o slovesnom folklóre v širších interpretačných, transkultúrnych a v konečnom dôsledku aj medziodborových kontextoch ‒ čo sa podarilo naplniť najmä v poslednom bode. Aj keď prispievatelia východiskovo pôsobia v odboroch folkloristiky a literárnej vedy, ich metodologický záber z iných ‒ niekedy aj vzdialenejších ‒ disciplín roztvára aktuálny diskurz do pozoruhodnej šírky. Je to dôkaz, že výskum ľudovej rozprávky je naďalej živý a prístupný novým výzvam.

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Ivica Hajdučeková a kol.  

Štvorročný grantový projekt VEGA č. 1/0736/15 Metodologické prieniky do (re)interpretácie diel slovenskej a svetovej literatúry (vedúci: prof. PhDr. Ján Gbúr, CSc.), ktorý bol riešený na Katedre slovakistiky, slovanských filológií a komunikácie FF UPJŠ v Košiciach v rokoch 2015 – 2018, priniesol počas svojho trvania niekoľko výstupov. Okrem samostatných vedeckých štúdií publikovaných priebežne časopisecky, doma aj v zahraničí, bol vydaný zborník z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie Text v kontextoch. Text v interdisciplinárnych interpretáciách (2018) a tiež vedecká monografia Duchovnosť v (re)interpretácii diel slovenskej literatúry (2016). Túto viacročnú spoluprácu tímu spoluriešiteľov završujú dva kľúčové publikačné výstupy, ktoré tvoria komplementárny, myšlienkovo prepojený celok:
1. Metodologické inšpirácie v literárnovednom výskume I (Zborník vybraných prednášok a abstraktov),
2. Metodologické inšpirácie v literárnovednom výskume II (monografia).

Elektronický zborník abstraktov a videozáznamov z priebežne realizovaných prednáškových kolokvií – na ktorých vystúpili viaceré osobnosti zo slovenského, ale aj z českého akademického prostredia – a vedecká monografia sa koncepčne dopĺňajú. Svedčí o tom aj voľba rovnomenných názvov, číselne odlíšených, ktorými sledujeme vopred stanovený projektový zámer, t. j. nadviazať na tradíciu exaktnosti v literárnovednom výskume s akcentom na metodologický pluralizmus. Súbežne aj na propagáciu súčasného, generačne rozvrstveného bádateľského zázemia v univerzitnom priestore na východnom Slovensku, ktoré sa dlhoročne viaže (aj keď historicky divergentne) na akademické prostredie Univerzity P. J. Šafárika v Košiciach.

Do autorskej zostavy siedmich kapitol monografie boli okrem členov Katedry slovakistiky, slovanských filológií a komunikácie FF UPJŠ zaradení aj dvaja kolegovia z iných vedeckých pracovísk, a to Mgr. Jana Piroščáková (Pácalová), PhD., literárna vedkyňa zo Slovenskej akadémie vied v Bratislave, a prof. PhDr. Lubomír Machala, CSc., univerzitný profesor z Olomouca v Českej republike, ktorí svojimi príspevkami dopĺňajú nielen výskumné zameranie publikácie, ale aj symbolicky zastupujú fakt, že spolupráca na našom pracovisku nie je do seba uzavretá, ale má prirodzené odborové presahy, a to smerom k vedecko-výskumnej inštitúcii, akú Slovenská akadémia vied v Bratislave predstavuje, ale aj smerom k historicky podmienenej väzbe na český univerzitný priestor. Uvedená stratégia medziinštitucionálnej spolupráce bola uplatnená v oboch projektových výstupoch.

Ivica Hajdučeková (editorka)

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Gabriel Eštok

The university textbook Citizenship of the European Union is structured into four parts. The first chapter focuses on the characteristics of citizenship in a historical context (concepts of citizenship in the ancient, medieval and modern periods). The second chapter deals with a theoretical introduction to citizenship. It comes up with the characteristics of citizenship, introduces the ways of acquiring and losing citizenship and the transformations of citizenship in the context of globalization and multiculturalism. The third chapter focuses on European Union citizenship itself, its historical development and the process of introducing and strengthening citizenship in the European Union. The fourth chapter presents the specific rights of citizens deriving from European Union citizenship - the right to free movement, the right to vote and stand as a candidate in municipal and European Parliament elections, the right to diplomatic and consular protection in the territory of a third country, the right to petition the institutions of the European Union, the right of access to documents of the institutions and bodies of the Union, and the right of initiative of the citizens of the European Union.

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Mária Fedorčáková, Miriama Filčáková (eds.)

The theme of the conference proceedings is the issue of sources, their interpretation and use of current digital technologies in their research and access. The proceedings constit of 7 papers by authors working in Slovak and Czech universities. The digitisation of seals is the subject of the paper by Barbora Borůvková. Michael Dudzik deals with the problem of building the road network in modern France and written and cartographic sources. Trends of digitization in Slovak archives and their perception by researchers are elaborated by in Miriama Fialkovičová´s study. Miriama Filčáková dealt with sources on the history of tertiary education in Košice in connection with the establishment of the UPJŠ. The possibilities of researching sources on the electrification of Slovakia are dealt with in the study by Dominik Hrtus. Ondrej Šály in his paper treated the letters of serfs in the 18th century as a source for economic history. Vavrinec Žeňuch discusses the possibilities of researching the eclesiastical history of the Uh county in the modern period.

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Ivica Hajdučeková

Súbor štúdií zaradených do monografickej publikácie Duchovnosť v (re)interpretácie diel slovenskej literatúry vznikal a dozrieval postupne, v priebehu viac ako desiatich rokov (2003 – 2015). Niektoré štúdie boli súčasťou obhájenej dizertačnej práce Kompozičné a sémantické osobitosti slovenskej medzivojnovej prózy (Prešov 2005), iné vznikli v rámci vedeckovýskumných (grantových) projektov, no všetky sa dotvárali na pozadí precizovania vybraných metodických prístupov. Štúdie boli postupne publikované v odborných časopisoch, vedeckých zborníkoch doma aj v zahraničí (presné údaje uvádzame v poznámkach pod čiarou aj v edičnej poznámke). Do monografie ich zoraďujeme podľa obdobia vzniku, nie publikovania, aby sa zachovala genéza autorkinej vedeckovýskumnej profilácie. Ich usporiadaním sú sekundárne rešpektované aj analyticko-interpretačné prieniky do poetiky konkrétnych textov. To je dôvod, prečo sa najprv uvádzajú práce zo slovenskej medzivojnovej literatúry a až po nich nasledujú tie, ktoré sú orientované na tvorbu slovenských realistov.

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Vladimír Lichner • Dušan Šlosár a kol.

It is very difficult to refer to any act of extremism or action having extremist characteristics, or to exclude it unambiguously. The boundary between extremism and accepted, conformal behavior is very broad and vaguely worded. Each company tends to set certain criteria to determine what can be considered as unwanted, violent, radical or extreme, or what signs of such a manifestation do not have. Therefore, when comparing the individual countries of the European Union in this area, we come across a different definition of what is or is not considered to be radical or extremist. In essence, the level of tolerance to some of the manifestations and the setting of indicators for the evaluation of the proceedings as extremist.

The presented monograph aims to present the basic social contexts of extremism and radicalization in the form of their philosophical and theoretical backgrounds, influencing the factors, the basic directions. In the author's work, the authors focus on the target group of adolescents, which they consider to be one of the most endangered groups in society in terms of development of the radicalization process. At the conclusion of the monograph is also offered the criminal level of these phenomena, which is not unavoidable in terms of complex analysis.

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Jozef Bavoľár

On June 8 and 9, 2023, the 22nd edition of the Psychology of Work and Organization conference took place at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Pavel Jozef Šafárik in Košice. The conference program was divided into six blocks and one poster section and supplemented by three invited lectures. This collection contains selected contributions from this conference, with contributions in English first, then in Slovak. The variety of contributions reflects the variety of topics in the field of work and organizational psychology, with the most represented topics being the quality of life and work load, aspects of the work of a school psychologist, factors affecting the achievement of work goals in emerging adulthood, and the presentation of new measures with possible application in the work environment.

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Lívia Barnišinová

The scientific monograph "Spirituality in Slovak Realist and Modernist Literature" reevaluates interpretative approaches to the spiritual dimension in prose texts of Slovak literature from the realist and modernist periods. The author transcends stereotypical views on spirituality, often confined to religious themes, and advocates for an interdisciplinary approach and new methodological approaches in literary-critical research. The monograph focuses on literary characters and their spiritual dimension in connection with other compositional and semantic elements of literary texts. It does not offer a definitive view on the topic but aims to open discussion and highlight the need for a reassessment of the literary canon and the openness of artistic literature to multiple interpretations. The analysis of texts from Slovak realism and literary modernism demonstrated a differentiated spirituality and its artistic portrayal. The phenomenon of spirituality is present in the texts along the axis of explicitness - implicitness - latency and has its specific manifestation in shaping literary characters through psychologization, introspection, and spiritual depth.

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Marcela Gbúrová-Daniel Dobiaš-Jana Šutajová-Gabriel Eštok-Ján Ruman-Tomáš Dvorský

Research Into Correlations Between Deformations of Political Awareness and the Increase of Political Extremism Among Secondary School Students in the Košice Self-governing Region and the Prešov Self-governing Region The issue of political extremism has a relatively long research period, and it should be emphasised that, especially in the recent period, it has received increased attention in the political science community not just in Slovakia but also abroad. Given the specifics of this anti-democratic form of political discourse, which has not only explicit forms, but also highly sophisticated manifestations against democracy (extremism of the centre, or centrist extremism), it is also addressed by experts of other humanities and social disciplines: history, psychology, anthropology, sociology, etc. The common interest of this professional community is both to analyse different forms of extremist discourses and narratives, to search for national specificities of extremism that are anchored in their historical, social and cultural contexts, but at the same time to reveal transnational extremist influences within a globalizing world and to propose evidence-based strategies to counter extremist discourses.

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Dušan Šlosár

The monograph Social Institutions and Social Organizations analyzes the issues of society, spheres of society, models of social coexistence, social system, social institutions and social organizations that arise within individual social institutions. From social institutions, the monograph focuses on culture, religion, education, politics, health and economics.Individual social institutions are analyzed from several sociological perspectives, which allows the creation of a broader view of the analyzed issues.

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Ľubov Vladyková

Reflection of technics  is about as old as philosophy. In the presented monograph the author reflects technology and technology as a medium of everyday life. Every technical change is reflected in countless levels of our lives: environmental, economic, political, cultural and personal. The moral-philosophical reflection of technics and  technology aims to understand the complex relationships and effects of technology on the environment, society, culture and our existence. Knowledge (whose scientific knowledge is a special type) is part of the social and technical domains. If we perceive social and technical domains as separate, we deny their functioning as an integral part of our existence. Speaking of 'new ecology of technology and technology'  the term ecology symbolizes the new existing disorder and 'cross-border' in the field of technology and technology reflection as a result of their revolutionary and far-reaching changes, and social change is unpredictable - all the more because technics and technology is the medium of everyday life and determines the future of the human species.

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Štefan Šutaj, Jana Šutajová

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Štefan Jusko

Selected chapters from axiology are the result of the author's multi-year research work and also a certain fulfillment of the requirements from pedagogical practice in this subject. The chapters in this synthesizing form have not been published yet, and I am convinced that precisely in this form they can acquire higher value and greater real impact on our philosophy students.

Individual chapters focus on the problem of the collapse of traditional values, often leading to nihilism and loss of meaning in human existence. It is no coincidence that Friedrich Nietzsche, a philosopher who first called for a reevaluation of all values, is a common denominator among these texts. Another key figure is F. Dostojevskij, a Russian philosophising writer who views nihilism—the problem of value destruction—differently. The goal of these texts is literally to provoke our students so that they independently and creatively address questions related to the meaning of their own existence.

As I am convinced, our time presents a great challenge for new, original ideas and axiological judgments that have always preceded cognitive ones. To what extent my intentions and goals have been fulfilled remains up to the reader to decide.

Autor

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Tatiana Žiaková • Dušan Šlosár

The last decade marks not only the average life expectancy increase in healthy population, but also life expectancy increase in group of people with intellectual disorders/disabilities. Due to their diagnosis that defines and classifies them into specific categories, people with intellectual disability are finding themselves in a constant confrontation with obstacles negatively affecting the saturation of their existential needs. It creates mostly educational, social, cultural, psycho-social and economical disadvantage in the context of their lives. Consequently, their active potential is weakened, making it unable for them to influence public affairs in society from a position of an adult or elderly citizen. Building up on this condition, the focus of this monograph is on understanding and explanation of prevailing concept of social inclusion and related concepts of social exclusion. These concepts influence the way we tend to define and think about the character of society, as such.

Simultaneously, we are examining that the quality of coexistence between dominant population and people with intellectual disabilities is dependent on the development of attitudes and opinions of major population towards this specific minority. These attitudes reflect the extent of social tolerance and at the same time serve as a quantification of moral values and equity in the society, whether it concerns any type of small everyday help or professional and institutionalised long-term support.

This monograph focuses on presenting professional care for people with mental disability in form of social services as a dominant type of support in our local environment. We show that the quality of social services inevitably depends on degree of professional competences social workers possess. The significance of professional competences social workers are capable of using is reflected in the degree of the competence and adequacy of their performance. The primary aim, in relation to which professional competences should be accustomed, is to enhance meaningfulness and dignity in life of mentally disabled receivers of the social services.

Competences of social workers are a dynamic phenomenon that modifies along the development of society and also with the frequently altering needs of people with intellectual disability as receivers of the social service. For this reason we designed the presented research to reflect our goal to reappraise the scope of professional competences and define the required professional functions of social workers working with people with intellectual disability. This monograph is dedicated not only to professionals working with this group of people but also aims at answering basic questions to practical issues that families with a intellectualy disabled member are coming into contact with.

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Renáta Panocová

The textbook Basic Concepts of Morphology is an introduction to morphology intended for undergraduate students of British and American Studies and students of English (and French/German) for European Institutions and Economy and other philology studies in Slovakia. The textbook gradually guides students from key terms to concepts and from there to theoretically more challenging phenomena. The textbook is primarily for Slovak students of English, which explains that the majority of the examples presented are English. As the textbook progresses, data from Slovak, German, French, Hungarian and sometimes from slightly more exotic languages are given. It is expected that such an approach will prepare students for carrying out morphological analysis independently.

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