Dejiny štátu a práva

 Erik Štenpien 

Miloš Večeřa a kolektív

Všeobecná teória práva poukazuje v teórií práva ako sa robí tvorba práva, v aplikácií právnych vzťahoch, taktiež právo europeizácie a globalizácie, obsahuje príklady aplikácie pre podmienky SR legislatívy. Publikácia sa snaží poskytnúť teóriu práva vo všeobecnej rovine ako sa interpretuje v praxi v právnej vede.

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Erik Štenpien (ed.)

Zborník príspevkov z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie konanej dňa 26. – 27. septembra 2014 na Právnickej fakulte UPJŠ v Košiciach

V súčasnosti, v modernom 21. storočí však už máme omnoho zložitejšiu spoločnosť, akou bola tá staroveká. Vyžaduje si právnu úpravu rôznych typov kúpnej zmluvy, kde síce zen základný znak platí, je ho však potrebné bližšie špecifikovať a prostú vetu "ja predám, ty kúpiš" je potrebné doplniť aj o podmienky "ako, kde, kedy, za akých podmienok?" To všetko je úlohou moderného občianskeho práva. Súčasná rekodifikácia občianskeho práva v niektorých európskych krajinách už prebehla, u nás práve prebieha. Je preto dôležité vedieť sa stretnúť na konferenciách s kolegami z týchto krajín a vymeniť si poznatky, aby sme diskutovali o ich skúsenostiach, zlého sa vyvarovali a dobré akceptovali, či upravili podľa našich podmienok.
Tento zborník je výstupnou publikáciu z konferencie, ktorá sa konala v dňoch 26. a 27. septembra 2014 v Košiciach. Bola to už druhá konferencia s účasťou najvýznamnejších právnych romanistov, právnych historikov i civilistov z domova i zo zahraničia. Zborník je výsledkom unikátnej spolupráce odborníkov z viacerých oblastí právnej vedy. Verím, že publikované výstupy pomôžu spoznať inštitút kúpnej zmluvy zo všetkých jeho stránok a stanú sa inšpiráciou pre odborníkov i laikov.

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Erik Štenpien (ed.)

Zborník príspevkov z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie konanej dňa 27. septembra 2013 na Právnickej fakulte UPJŠ v Košiciach. 

Občiansky zákonník je jednou zo základných právnych kodifikácií dnešnej doby. Paradoxom je, že v Slovenskej republike dodnes platí zákonník z roku 1964, pravda s istými úpravami, ktoré priniesla moderná doba. V súčasnosti prebiehajú rekodifikačné snahy, ktorých výsledkom by malo byť prijatie nového Občianskeho zákonníka. Nie je však možné budovať nové bez znalosti starého. Je preto dobrým znakom, ak sa na spoločnej konferencií stretnú právni historici s civilistami, aby si vymenili názory a poznatky. Katedra dejín štátu a práva košickej Právnickej fakulty je v roku 2013 v prvom roku riešenia vedeckého grantového projektu VEGA: Historickoprávny vývoj inštitútu kúpnej zmluvy a tendencie jej súčasnej rekodifikácie v SR - č. p.: 1/0131/13. Uvedený projekt sme získali ako historickoprávny, participuje však na ňom aj Katedra občianskeho práva, veď doc. JUDr. K. Kirstová, CSc. je zástupkyňou vedúceho projektu. Vedomí si toho, že ide o úplne unikátne prepojenie právnych dejín a praxe, naša katedra dňa 27. septembra 2013 zorganizovala medzinárodnú vedeckú konferenciu Kúpna zmluva - história a súčasnosť I., ktorá bola plánovaným grantovým výstupom, v konečnom dôsledku sa však konala v čase, kedy košická Právnická fakulta oslavovala 40. výročie svojho vzniku. Tento zborník je teda súhrnom vystúpení z riešenia grantového projektu, ale aj vystúpení, ktoré s riešenou témou súvisia. Má ambíciu výraznou mierou prispieť k poznaniu dejín a súčasných rekodifikačných snáh inštitútu kúpnej zmluvy doma a v zahraničí.

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Pavol Valachovič

Dejiny starovekého Ríma zahŕňajú od založenia mesta až do zániku Západorímskej ríše 13 storočí vývoja. Od malého mestského štátu sa rozvíjal tento štát až na rozsiahlu ríšu, ktorá sa rozprestierala na troch kontinentoch. Od malých hospodárstiev sa rozvinula na štát s vyspelou poľnohospodárskou, remeselnou výrobou a obchodom so zložitou cestnou sieťou, ktorá zahŕňala a ovplyvňovala aj územia za hranice ríše. Pod vplyvom kultúrne vyspelých civilizácií Etruskovia, Gréci, ale aj ďalších sa vyvinula zložitá kultúra, literatúra, umenie, s ktorých zvyškami sa stretávame v Európe, Ázii a Afrike. V neskorších obdobiach táto kultúra ovplyvnila a ovplyvňovala v nasledujúcich obdobiach ďalšie národy a kultúry, dokonca i dnes ovplyvňuje mnohé kultúrne prvky. V prvých štyroch storočiach n. l. sa do susedstva s Rímskou ríšou dostalo aj územie dnešného Slovenska a národy Germáni, Kelti, ktoré tu sídlili. Historici, archeológovia, umeňovedci dodnes odkrývajú stopy dávnej minulosti Slovenska. Predložená Chronológia starovekého Ríma postihuje tento zložitý historický a kultúrny vývoj v uvedenom období. Zahŕňa politické dejiny, ale aj hospodársky a sociálny vývoj a náboženské dejiny, zahrnuli sme do nej i niektoré kultúrne prvky údaje napr. o spisovateľoch, budovaní niektorých umeleckých pamiatok.

Terézia Hišemová • Darina Kmecová (eds.)

Reviewed proceedings of scientific papers of Conference of Slovak and Czech law romanists, which take place at May, 10.-11.5.2018, at Faculty of Law, UPJŠ in Košice.

The submitted reviewed proceeding of scientific papers on „The loan or usury? Compulsory enforcement of roman - law basics and problems of application practice.”  is prepared within the solution of the grant project VEGA on: „The loan or usury? Compulsory enforcement of historical - law basics and problems of application practice.”, no. p. 1/0198/17.

The authors of papers are important personalities of Roman law working in the Slovak and Czech Republic, as well as PhD students and young scientists from Slovak and foreign universities who are active in the academic environment as well as in legal practice. The main goal of the editors is to help improve the current legal situation, which is assessed as unsatisfactory, and through a historical excursion of the development of the loan institute and then the forced execution of the decision, to create de lege ferenda proposals considering all areas of research.

The Proceedings trace the interrelationships between the substantive law institute in terms of the Roman law of contractus unilaterales - mutuum in its various types, often realized by the attachment of high interest rates, which bordered on the insurrection and the procedural law of individual lawsuits enforced in the legislative, formular and cognitive process. If there was no possibility to impose certain behaviour on the obligated person (the debtor, the sentenced person), then the declared general obligation to enforce the legal norms was only a legal term. It has always been the case that every internally well-organized state, whether antique or present, has to use power tools - often with the use of gross violence - but within the limits of the law, to promote what it has declared valid law. It must protect creditors on the one hand, but it must also prevent self-help and the use of illegal, unjustified and disproportionate violence.

The loan contract as a real contract has often become an integral part and relatively the most frequent reason leading to the compulsory enforcement, especially when contracting parties often agree on the connection of interest - sometimes within the legal limit, sometimes exceeding the legal framework - and in this way the potential future creditor (the plaintiff) significantly increased the insolvency risk of the debtor (the defendant, the sentenced) and of the subsequent execution. The pronounced and deepening social stratification of the Roman population and the secondary depreciation effort, the cancellation of the debts of the poor part of the population logically culminated in social unrest and revolt against the enforcement of the enforcement law.

The proceedings capture not only the rich scientific discussion of Slovak and Czech legal Romanists, but also the opinions, experience and knowledge of experts on contemporary law dealing with this type of issues. As a result, it provides a unique interdisciplinary view of the subject and raises many stimulus points for future research. This work proves that the problems encountered by the various representatives of the Roman jurisprudence and their legal and theoretical bases and solutions are undoubtedly useful and serve as a guideline also for solving legal issues in the field of modern enforcement proceedings.

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Jana Šutajová

Od 1. januára 1969 nadobúdali účinnosť Ústavný zákon o postavení národností v Československej socialistickej republike (ČSSR) i Ústavný zákon o federácii. Ústavný zákon o postavení národností predstavoval aspoň formálne veľký posun v právnej úprave postavenia menšín. Tento zákon však mal byť základom pre ďalšiu právnu úpravu. Deklarovalo sa, že budú nasledovať ďalšie kroky a rokovania o prijatí vykonávacích noriem a že budú na federálnej i národných úrovniach prijaté ďalšie zákony. V Československu však nebol nikdy vydaný žiadny ďalší zákon alebo vládne nariadenie týkajúce sa ústavného zákona o postavení národností v ČSSR. V období normalizácie1 sa otázky týkajúce sa ďalšej legislatívy týkajúcej sa národnostných menšín neotvárali, ale v krátkom období po prijatí ústavného zákona v roku 1968 do konca roka 1969 sa niektoré inštitúcie pokúšali takéto zákonné normy pripraviť a presadiť. Jednou z nich bola aj Rada vlády SSR pre národnosti (ďalej Rada alebo Rada vlády pre národnosti). Monografia prináša pohľad na problematiku rozpracovania ďalších zákonných noriem vyplývajúcich z ústavného zákona o postavení národností v Slovenskej socialistickej republike Radou vlády SSR pre národnosti, ktorá bola jednou z inštitúcií, ktoré sa na Slovensku vytvorili po vzniku československej federácie a zaoberali sa národnostnou problematikou

Vpráci zameranej na rozpracovanie ďalších zákonných noriem vyplývajúcich z ústavného zákona o postavení národností v ČSSR bolo potrebné venovať sa aj predchádzajúcemu vývoju, preto sa prvá časť monografie zaoberá postavením menšín v Československu pred prijatím ústavného zákona, aktivitám národností predchádzajúcim prijatiu ústavného zákona o postavení národností a samotnému prijatiu zákona. V ďalších častiach sa už monografia venuje inštitucionálnym zmenám v SSR po vzniku federácie, vzniku Rady vlády SSR pre národnosti a jednotlivým krokom Rady a jej odborných orgánov pri príprave návrhov zákonov o postavení národností v Slovenskej socialistickej republike.
Motiváciou pre napísanie tejto monografie bola skutočnosť, že na Slovensku sa doteraz tejto problematike venovala pozornosť len v niekoľkých štúdiách, ktoré sa zaoberali maďarskou menšinou a obdobím pražskej jari alebo maďarskou menšinou v období normalizácie.

Autorka

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Erik Štenpien

This university textbook named "The World History of State and Law" serve as teaching aid to Students of 1. year-class of Faculty of Law. He addicted to history of state and law of oriental despoties and chosen states of ancient Greece. Exactly interpreted the law history of medieval and feudal states and cities and institutes of medieval law with the accent to civil law. Next he interpreted the history of constitutions of the european states (Netherland, Poland, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy) and USA, also the modern law of 19. Century. A special chapter deals with the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and the system of treaties adopted during it.

At the end he interpreted the legal history of chosen states of Europe and USA - state system with the accent to type of the regime (democracy, dictature).

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Erik Štenpien • Ivan Svatuška (eds.)

The Collection of scientific Contributions of the International scientific conference: 100 Years of Treaty of Trianon – Diplomacy, State and Law on the Turn of the Century.

The presented publication is the first of a series of proceedings published within the solution of the grant APVV-19-0419. The conference took place from 14 to 15 October 2021 with the participation of experts from Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. The ambition of the research team, composed of legal historians and positive lawyers from three countries, is to provide a comprehensive, unbiased view of the peace negotiations that resulted in the Treaty of Trianon with Hungary. The conference, the result of which is the presented collection, was devoted to the causes of possible disputes in Europe - focusing on diplomacy and constitutional development of Central European countries at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, ie in the period immediately preceding the outbreak of World War I.

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Ivan Svatuška - Lucia Pištejová (eds.)

Collection of Scientific Contributions from the International Scientific Conference of PhD Students and Young Researchers held on April 22, 2022, organized by the Department of State and Law History of the Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

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Erik Štenpien, Lucia Pištejová, Ivan Svatuška

The presented publication is the proceedings of the international conference held on 29.-30. September 2022 in Košice as an output of the grant project APVV-19-0419. The ambition of the project is to try to reconcile legal and general historians from Slovakia and Hungary in the difficult topic of looking at the Treaty of Trianon from 1920. The conference, held on 29.-30. September 2022 was the third in a series of conferences that for the purpose of assisting in the achievement of said goal. It was attended by legal historians and positive lawyers from several Central European countries. So let the collection serve as another step towards understanding between nations.

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Erik Štenpien - Lucia Pištejová - Ivan Svatuška (eds.)

Proceedings of the international scientific conference held on April 13-14, 2023, organized by the Department of History of State and Law, Faculty of Law, University of Pavel Jozef Šafárik in Košice. The presented collection provides a summary of scientific works from the last international conference dealing with the issue of the Trianon Peace Treaty and the negotiations during the peace conference after 1918. The collection contains scientific contributions from members of the research team of the APVV 19-0419 project, as well as other experts from the field of legal history. Through their contributions, they offer an insight into the complex processes of the formation of Europe after the First World War. They approximate the essential and relatively complicated processes of negotiations on important issues of the post-war arrangement and the further direction of individual countries. Contributions of foreign legal historians, which bring an alternative view of the examined issue, are a stimulating contribution to the collection. The anthology includes scientific studies related to the investigated issue, often with an overlap with the present. The collection also includes scientific contributions with positive legal topics. The collection in the presented form is thus primarily intended for readers from the professional public. Last but not least, it can interest the lay public interested in the issue of the post-war arrangement and Slovak-Hungarian relations.

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Erik Štenpien

The presented monograph is dedicated to the reforms of local administration in the middle of the 19th century, which led to the introduction of municipalism - the nationalization of local administration. The work is primarily devoted to the analysis of the differences between legal articles 42/1870 and 21/1884, the second of which has so far been considered by Slovak legal historians as an amendment. I will explain the differences in the text of both standards, as well as by pointing out the practice of applying both standards in local practice in Abov and Turňa, the legal article 21/1884 is applicable, it is recoded and after the thresholds of the Czechoslovakia it was received as an obligation of the local sparva in Slovakia and is valid even in the time of Conclusion The Trianon peace treaty.

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Ľuboš Dobrovič - Vladimír Vrana

The world of diplomacy, whether ancient or modern, is naturally prone to problems associated with cultural clashes and often serves as an “unarmed battlefield” of cultural concepts. International diplomacy, however, stands on the assumption of war, as misunderstandings and cultural discrepancies lead to confusion. Cultural encounters also provide many opportunities for the choice of misunderstanding: the choice to perceive an act as an insult, even if unintended, or the choice to ignore the most blatant intentional insult, all according to momentary expediency.

The Roman historian Livy recounts an anecdote about the gates of the Temple of Janus, which, when open, signified that Rome was at war. However, the doors of the ancient Temple of Janus were closed only twice from the beginning of the 7th century BC to the end of the 1st century BC. One might ask, how many times and for how long after the signing of the Treaty of Trianon were the metaphorical gates of the European (or global) Temple of Janus closed?

The publication that the reader holds in their hands does not attempt to exhaustively answer all questions of ancient and modern international diplomacy. That is neither possible nor the goal of this scientific monograph. Authors seeking intersections between diplomacy of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the early 20th century encountered some thought-provoking ideas and controversial debates. Indeed, what other conclusions can the topic of the Treaty of Trianon and the perpetual clash of cultures in the Mediterranean antiquity and medieval Europe bring?

We believe that the topic of ancient and modern diplomacy will inspire the reader and stimulate the professional public to new ideas, reflections, and scholarly activity.

The scientific monograph was prepared as an output of the project of the Agency for the Support of Research and Development No. APVV-19-0419: "100 years of the Treaty of Trianon."

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Dominika Kováčová- Lucia Pištejová- Ivan Vaňa

The present monograph deals with the post-war settlement of relations and peace negotiations related to the settlement of the borders of the newly established Czechoslovak Republic. The work discusses in detail the negotiation processes related to the preparation and signing of the Versailles and Saint-Germain Peace Treaties. Similarly, it then discusses in detail the peripeties related to the drafting of the Treaty of Trianon dealing with the border with Hungary and its subsequent delineation in the field. Last but not least, the thesis captures the settling of Czechoslovakia's international relations with Poland and their common border, with a particular focus on the arbitration settlement on the territory of Orava and Spiš.

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Nándor Birher-Péter Tamás Bertalan

The document, titled "Vatican Diplomacy Around Trianon from a Hungarian Perspective," is a scholarly work that examines the geopolitical and ecclesiastical changes in East-Central Europe after the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, with a focus on the role of the Vatican. The book explores the interactions between the Vatican and the reshaped geopolitical landscape, emphasizing the influence of religious and ecclesiastical issues on international relations. The monograph posits that Central Europe is not merely a geographic or economic concept but a "spiritual kingdom" with a shared destiny shaped by interdependence and cultural achievements, despite its history of conflicts. Central Europe's rich intellectual and cultural heritage, deeply influenced by religious convictions and Vatican diplomacy, continues to impact the region's identity and unity. The book suggests that the lessons from the early 20th century, including the Trianon Peace Treaty and subsequent geopolitical shifts, are still relevant in understanding the contemporary political and cultural dynamics of Central Europe. The authors encourage readers to reflect on the past and consider how historical events and decisions have shaped present-day Central Europe. The book aims to provide insights into the region's complex history and its ongoing struggle to find its place in the broader European and global context.

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Péter Miskolczi Bodnár

This monograph examines when the state has the right to intervene in the legal relationship between contracting parties, and if it is possible, when it can act as a legislator and/or a law applier and what the nature of the intervention may be. In this study, the limits related to the rights and obligations of the parties are scrutinized. The monograph delineates the theoretical frameworks of state intervention. The author distinguishes the forms of intervention concerning future contracts and those already concluded. The study lists the circumstances grounding the mandatory norms concerning future contracts with the presentation of Roman law. In the context of state influence on the content of contracts already concluded, judicial decisions play a stronger role than legislation and government measures also appear. The monograph presents the legislative measures affecting the contracts already concluded and the reasons thereof in a differentiated way, divided into different periods. In the author's view, World War I and especially the subsequent Treaty of Trianon brought a significant change in the assessment of state intervention, and therefore, he devotes special attention to the examination of this period. The monograph provides an outline of overview of the international tendencies of the period from the peace treaty to the present day. The study presents the era of Hungarian legislation being prone to make mandatory rules and delineates the relevant provisions of the applicable Hungarian law. At the end of the monograph the reader can find the author’s evaluative comments. While acknowledging the positive aspects of state involvement, attention should also be paid to the dangers of excessive state intervention in Eastern Europe.

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bolya Katalin Koncz

The exploration of the interplay between innovation and society elucidates fundamental connections between human advancement and societal transformation. Technological development and its dissemination profoundly influence both the economy and social structures, often restructuring them while presenting new challenges and opportunities. This monograph delves into the theme of "Innovation and Society", focusing specifically on how technological advancements impact various facets of society ‒ from the realm of work to social policies and the evolution of gender roles. These areas are approached through a novel lens, examining them from the perspective of legislative reforms enacted and endorsed by the state. The monograph examines the characteristics and legal framework of 20th-century Hungarian society using diverse laws, regulations, and statistical data. Through analyses and documented evidence, it offers a comprehensive understanding of societal structure and operations, encompassing aspects such as the labor market, female employment, the status of industry and commerce, and shifts in legal frameworks. Detailed statistical insights into population dynamics, labor market trends, and economic sectors further deepen our comprehension of social processes. The documents scrutinize the employment distribution and conditions across different sectors, including food processing and milling, while also providing specific details on the roles, distribution, and wages of women in the workforce, with particular emphasis on occupations where women are prominently engaged. The analysis of legislative provisions delineates the historical backdrop and measures enacted for fostering social and economic transformations, covering issues such as patent legislation, guardianship laws, and family law. This compilation offers an exhaustive overview of 20th-century Hungarian society and its legal underpinnings, enriching scholarly inquiries into historical and sociological dimensions within this domain.

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