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Viktória Ali Taha (ed.)

Košice, Slovakia, September 23-25, 2026

The Book of Abstracts from the 6th International Scientific Conference “Physical Activity, Health and Quality of Life”, organised by the Institute of Physical Education and Sport at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice in cooperation with international partner universities, presents current scientific knowledge and research findings in the fields of physical activity, health, and quality of life. The publication contains peer-reviewed abstracts of scientific contributions authored or co-authored by 112 researchers from Slovakia and abroad. It covers a broad range of interdisciplinary topics, including determinants of physical activity, active lifestyles, health promotion, and disease prevention across different age and population groups. Particular attention is given to the physiological, psychological, and social aspects of physical activity, sports performance, diagnostics, recovery, and innovative approaches in sport. The contributions also address physical activity among children, adolescents, adults, and older populations, as well as nutrition, sedentary behaviour, mental health, and quality of life. Further topics include physical and sport education, educational practices, workplace-related health issues, and the broader social dimensions of sport. The interdisciplinary nature of the publication encourages the integration of knowledge from sport sciences, health sciences, education, and social sciences. The Book of Abstracts is intended for academics, researchers, doctoral students, university students, and practitioners interested in physical activity, health, and quality of life.

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Tomáš Toporcer Adrián Kolesár

Heart Surgery for Medical Students provides a systematic and clinically oriented overview of the principal areas of cardiac surgery, intended primarily for sixth-year medical students preparing for the final state examination in surgery. It is based on the original Slovak edition, which has been translated, professionally updated, adapted to contemporary international medical terminology, and supplemented with a new chapter dedicated to heart transplantation. The textbook covers cardiopulmonary bypass, ischemic heart disease, valvular and aortic disease, cardiac arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, traumatic injuries of the heart and great vessels, mechanical circulatory support, and heart transplantation. Selected sections have been revised in accordance with current international clinical practice guidelines. The text emphasizes indications for surgical treatment, fundamental operative strategies, and principles of perioperative care. Its aim is to provide students with a concise framework for understanding the role of cardiac surgery in contemporary multidisciplinary cardiovascular care.

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Tatiana Kimáková Katarzyna Ruszkiewicz

This university textbook provides an evidence-based overview of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in human health. It explains the mechanisms of oxidative damage, endogenous antioxidant systems, and the biological roles and food sources of dietary antioxidants. These foundations are linked to the influence of lifestyle, environmental and occupational factors on chronic disease risk. Particular emphasis is placed on practical prevention, health promotion, and critical evaluation of the benefits, limitations, and risks of antioxidant supplementation. The textbook is intended primarily for students of medicine, public health, nursing, and nutrition and dietetics. It is also recommended as supplementary reading for students of pharmacy, physiotherapy, and related health sciences, and as a reference for healthcare professionals involved in prevention and health promotion.

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JOZEF BEDNARČÍK (ed.)

This Book of Abstracts presents the scientific contributions of participants of the School of XFEL, Synchrotron and Neutron Radiation Users 2026 (SFEL 2026), held in Stará Lesná, Slovakia, from 28 September to 2 October 2026. Organized by Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic, in cooperation with the European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (European XFEL) in Hamburg and the Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL) in Grenoble, SFEL 2026 continues a long-standing tradition of educational events dedicated to advanced photon and neutron research infrastructures. SFEL 2026 brings together 115 participants from 13 countries, with a particular focus on students, doctoral candidates, and early-career researchers. Through lectures delivered by leading international experts, oral and poster presentations, hands-on training activities, and a satellite meeting devoted to the European Solar Telescope project, the school promotes knowledge transfer, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the development of new scientific partnerships. As the ninth event of the SFEL series, SFEL 2026 further strengthens the links between Slovak researchers and major European facilities, including European XFEL, ILL, ESRF, DESY, and emerging ESFRI infrastructures.

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Ingrid Madárová - Oksana Humenna - Beáta Jurečková - Veronika Pálová - Lucia Tóthová - Lívia Vašková

Slovak for Medical Students – Medical History Taking I is a Slovak language textbook designed for international medical students. It focuses on developing the language and communication skills required for medical history taking and professional communication with patients in the Slovak healthcare environment. The textbook contains thematically organized lessons related to clinical medicine, authentic dialogues, medical terminology, grammar and vocabulary exercises, communication tasks, and activities that promote the practical use of Slovak in medical practice. The electronic version of the textbook also includes audio recordings of the dialogues, supporting the development of listening comprehension, correct pronunciation, and spoken language understanding. The publication integrates Slovak language learning with medical content and prepares students for effective communication with patients during clinical training and future medical practice.

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Marián Kulla Loránt Pregi Ladislav Novotný Katarína Onačillová (eds.)
The abstracts collected in this volume demonstrate the thematic and methodological breadth of contemporary geographical research. They cover physical and human geography, regional development, urban studies and spatial planning, geoinformatics, remote sensing, environmental modelling, landscape ecology, health geography, natural hazards, political geography, participatory approaches, and geography education. The contributions also illustrate the increasing importance of interdisciplinary research, advanced spatial analysis, Earth observation, artificial intelligence and innovative forms of geovisualisation. At the same time, they reaffirm the continuing value of field research, regional knowledge and critical geographical thinking.
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Lucia Bakošová (ed.)
The proceedings Human Rights and Freedoms under Pressure from Algorithms: International and National AI Challenges constitute a peer-reviewed outcome of an international scientific conference devoted to the legal challenges arising from the development of artificial intelligence. The volume focuses on the impact of algorithmic systems on the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms at the international, European and national levels. The individual contributions examine issues such as transparency, accountability, the right to a fair trial, privacy protection, non-discrimination, children’s rights, labour relations, digital constitutionalism, autonomous weapons, and the use of AI in public administration and armed conflicts. Particular attention is paid to the risks of algorithmic decision-making, legal hallucinations, profiling, surveillance, and the influence of digital technologies on democratic processes.

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Marco Mazzocca
Collegial courts present a familiar paradox. They are composed of several judges, each endowed with an individual standpoint, professional responsibility, and legally protected independence; yet the judgment speaks with a single voice. A court, after all, decides in the singular even when it reasons in the plural. This book asks how such a plurality can become a judicial “we,” and whether the unity of the court is merely attributed by law or may also emerge from the practices through which judges deliberate together. The inquiry proceeds across three interconnected levels. It begins with legal ontology and judicial reasoning, examining how courts reconstruct events, identify legally relevant facts, and assign legal status under conditions of uncertainty. It then considers judicial independence, institutional constraints, voting, deliberation, and the elusive boundary between the aggregation of individual positions and the formation of a genuinely common standpoint. The theoretical analysis is complemented by an exploratory qualitative study conducted within the COIN project and based on nineteen semi-structured interviews with judges in Italy and Slovakia. The material reveals recurring tensions between unanimity and voting, procedure and judicial virtue, trust and passive delegation, formal office and local practices. It also draws attention to reporting judges, panel cultures, communicative styles, and time itself as a resource of deliberation. The book ultimately distinguishes between an attributed judicial “we,” constituted by law, and an emergent judicial “we,” formed (when it is formed) through disagreement, reciprocal reasoning, revision, and shared responsibility.
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Alexandra Kavečanská

The textbook Graeco-Latin Terminology of Medicine represents a modern didactic resource intended for international students of general and dental medicine. It is based on extensive teaching experience and reflects current requirements of medical education in English. The publication offers a clear and systematic presentation of Graeco-Latin terminology, which forms the foundation of professional medical language. The work is divided into two complementary volumes – a theoretical part (Grammar Reference) and a practical part (Practice and Exercises) – which together form a comprehensive learning system. The first volume provides a systematic explanation of the fundamentals of Latin and Graeco-Latin terminology, including an introduction to its historical development. Emphasis is placed on the gradual acquisition of grammatical concepts in logical sequence and their practical application in medical terminology. The second volume builds on the theoretical knowledge and offers a wide range of exercises, review questions, and revision units that support knowledge consolidation. The textbook reflects the latest nomenclature standards (TA2, ICD-11, TA2023AG, TAH) and presents updated anatomical and clinical terminology. It also includes terminological excursuses explaining the meaning of selected technical terms and so-called double forms. The graphic design, tables, diagrams, and illustrations enhance readability and increase the didactic value of the text. The publication is suitable both as a primary study resource for teaching medical terminology and as a supplementary source for students and educators in the field of medical education.

Alexandra Kavečanská

The textbook Graeco-Latin Terminology of Medicine represents a modern didactic resource intended for international students of general and dental medicine. It is based on extensive teaching experience and reflects current requirements of medical education in English. The publication offers a clear and systematic presentation of Graeco-Latin terminology, which forms the foundation of professional medical language. The work is divided into two complementary volumes – a theoretical part (Grammar Reference) and a practical part (Practice and Exercises) – which together form a comprehensive learning system. The first volume provides a systematic explanation of the fundamentals of Latin and Graeco-Latin terminology, including an introduction to its historical development. Emphasis is placed on the gradual acquisition of grammatical concepts in logical sequence and their practical application in medical terminology. The second volume builds on the theoretical knowledge and offers a wide range of exercises, review questions, and revision units that support knowledge consolidation. The textbook reflects the latest nomenclature standards (TA2, ICD-11, TA2023AG, TAH) and presents updated anatomical and clinical terminology. It also includes terminological excursuses explaining the meaning of selected technical terms and so-called double forms. The graphic design, tables, diagrams, and illustrations enhance readability and increase the didactic value of the text. The publication is suitable both as a primary study resource for teaching medical terminology and as a supplementary source for students and educators in the field of medical education.

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Soňa Király(ed.)
The proceedings of the international conference titled "The 10th International Conference on Novel Materials Fundamentals and Applications, NFA 2025" consist of 44 papers submitted by conference participants. This conference focuses primarily on new materials, from theory to practical application, with the aim of demonstrating how fundamental discoveries can lead to innovative applications. All contributions are inspiring and professionally prepared.
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Soňa Király (ed.) 

The Book of Abstracts of the International Conference on Advanced Materials IMAM 2026 consists of contributions from the participants of this scientific event. The proceedings contain 22 abstracts presenting current research results in the field of advanced materials and their applications across various scientific and technological disciplines. The contributions focus mainly on the development of new materials, electrochemical sensors, energy systems, and biomedical applications. All abstracts are prepared at a professional level and provide an overview of current trends in advanced materials research.

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Miroslav Almáši  Nikolas Király   eds.

The conference proceedings of Porous Materials for Environmental Applications 2026 represent a collection of scientific and professional contributions presented at the international scientific conference held on 15–19 March 2026 in Białka Tatrzańska (Poland). The conference focused on current trends in the research of porous materials and their applications in environmental, catalytic, energy-related, and biomedical fields. The event provided an interdisciplinary platform for the exchange of the latest scientific knowledge in the design, synthesis, characterization, and practical utilization of porous materials.

Particular attention was devoted to their application in adsorption and separation processes, heterogeneous catalysis, photocatalysis, energy storage and conversion, as well as in biological and medical applications. The published abstracts reflect current challenges related to sustainable development, green technologies, and advanced materials solutions. The proceedings offer a comprehensive overview of the current state of porous materials research at the international level and document the dynamic development of this field with significant overlap into environmental chemistry, materials science, and chemical engineering.

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Beáta Jurečková 

Slovak for Dentists is a textbook intended for international dental students preparing to communicate professionally in Slovak in a real dental environment. The second, expanded and revised edition is the result of several years of practical use and feedback from students. In terms of content and structure, the textbook focuses on developing all language skills, with particular emphasis on understanding spoken language and oral communication in dentist–patient interactions. The textbook contains 14 lessons, including two review test lessons, as well as a Slovak–English dictionary, an answer key, and six appendices. Compared to the first edition, this version includes updated dialogues in audio format, new texts, revised exercises, and a redesigned layout. The vocabulary is specifically focused on the field of dentistry and the most frequent communication situations in a dental office. The textbook reflects different levels of students’ Slovak language proficiency and also offers additional texts for more advanced learners. The lessons include grammar boxes with practical explanations for learners of Slovak as a foreign language. The publication is primarily intended for classroom use but also allows for effective self-study. The aim of the textbook is to support students in mastering practical communication in a dental clinic

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Lenka Mártonfiová (ed.)
The Index Seminum 2026 of the Botanical Garden of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University contains a list of 209 seed samples offered for the international exchange among botanical gardens on the world. It includes seeds collected from the wild plants in natural localities of Slovakia with a detailed description of the localities with coordinates and date of collection (70 samples) and seeds of plants grown in the Botanical Garden (16 samples) and seeds from Exposition of the Tatra Mountain Nature of the State Forests of Tatra National Park, Tatranská Lomnica (74 samples) as well as 49 seed samples from Hrádocké Arboretum of the Secondary Forestry School of Jozef Dekret Matejovie in Liptovský Hrádok. The index includes a desiderata table that can be used when ordering seeds.
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Lucia Andrezálová, Zdeňka Ďuračková,Mária Chomová,Vladimír Jakuš, Miriam Ježovičová, Jana Muchová, Zuzana Országhová,Ingrid Žitňanová

Chemistry and biochemistry at medical faculties are integral parts of basic theoretic knowledge of contemporary graduate. Educational book “Textbook of Medical Chemistry” is destined to students of study branches General Medicine and Dentistry for the course “Medical Chemistry”.

It is structured into 13 chapters concerning several topics: general and physical chemistry, organic chemistry, chemistry of natural substances (static biochemistry), enzymology and oxidative stress.

Individual chapters provide comprehensible explanation of the fundamentals of physico-chemical, chemical and biochemical relationships applying in living systems as well as the knowledge of the structure of biologically important molecules (simple molecules and macromolecules) related to their properties and biological function.

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Karin Sabolíková

The monograph provides a brief insight into the theory of news structures in the press and, consequently, the theoretical framework of critical discourse analysis is applied in an examination of the structures of news. Critical discourse analysis following the theory and methodology of Teun van Dijk is used to analyse the representation of an industrial dispute, the Miners’ Strike of 1984-1985 in the UK, in the Czechoslovak newspaper Pravda.

The aim of the monograph is to examine the ways in which a single news item dealing with an international event was presented in a national newspaper based on its ideological perspective. The presented analysis does not cover all possible aspects of van Dijk’s approach of critical discourse analysis. A variety of issues remains to be explored in order to develop a richer, more complex analysis of the text structures. The monograph also intends to demonstrate that critical discourse analysis can complement more qualitatively the traditional method of quantitative content analysis.

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Adriana Saboviková

The monograph deals with the post-millennial media discourse in the UK and aims to popularize the currently used methodological framework in the form of a case study.

The theoretical basis is provided by the introductory chapters, which deal with the topic of migration and newspaper discourse in the UK. The methodological framework represents an increasingly popular combination of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis, which is introduced not only theoretically but also practically used in the presented case study. The case study compares the language used in the British newspapers before and after the lifting of labor market restrictions in the UK for Bulgarians and Romanians, specifically in 2013 and 2014.

The research is based on the identification of special language patterns used in the compiled corpus to characterize Bulgarians and Romanians, specifically paying attention to nouns, verbs and numerals. By doing such research, scholars can identify the role of media discourse in depicting social reality.

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Jozef Suchoža - Ján Husár - Regina Hučková (eds.)

Collection of scientific works

The year 2020 has been marked globally by an unprecedented situation related to the spread of Covid-19 since its beginning. At the start of this calendar year, as our organizational team began preparing for another edition, we still hoped that our traditional autumn conference was far away, and in this maximum optimism, we launched the organization of the jubilee 10th edition of our now-traditional conference. This conference has become a stable part of scientific and professional conference events under domestic conditions and has become a stable part of many people's work programs. However, 2020 was almost entirely filled with restrictions from its start, with these restrictions affecting even the organization of conferences. Our 10th Law – Business – Economy Conference fell victim to this current situation and had to be canceled "with gritted teeth." The situation allows us nothing but hope that in 2021 we will be able to meet at our traditional location in High Tatras. We take these meetings for granted; if this situation is good for nothing else, it at least serves as a slowdown and an awareness of our own vulnerability.

See you at the next edition of Law-Business-Economics in October 2021.

You are receiving a collection of scientific papers published in connection with the resolution of scientific projects at the Department of Commercial Law and Economic Law as the main organizer of the scientific conference, as well as other departments of the Faculty of Law at UPJŠ in Košice, and many academic workplaces both domestically and abroad. The collection is published with support from the Agency for Support of Research and Development. The editors thank all who contributed to it with their scientific articles, as well as reviewers for their valuable comments and recommendations.

On behalf of the editors: Regina Hučková

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Zuzana Orságová Králová (ed.)

The scientific book of abstracts is a summary of the contributions of teachers, scientists and other conference participants, which contain the original results of their scientific and research activities. Their work will be the subject of the next domestic conference „New Trends in Chemistry, Research and Education at Faculty of Science of P. J. Šafárik University in Košice 2020“. The conference is a space for dialogue between scientific academics on the one hand and professional staff and students on the other.

The contributions published in this volume can be divided according to content into the field of analytical, inorganic, physical, organic chemistry, biochemistry and didactics of chemistry. All contributions are interesting and can be used in further creative scientific and research work, in the process of education and in practical work.

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Eva Ďurovcová - Mária Mareková

Clinical Biochemistry - selected chapters - MEFANET >>> 

After 7 years, we finally reworked the textbook on the subject of clinical biochemistry at UPJŠ FM in Košice. We have innovated information in accordance with recommendations of professional medical societies and added new chapters. As the scope of the subject is limited, the textbook does not cover all issues of biochemical diagnostics. It focuses on disorders of water-ion and acid-base balance disorders, and basic laboratory diagnostics of diseases of selected organs.

The textbook of clinical biochemistry has the ambition to become a practical aid for senior medical students and beginning doctors in the study of laboratory medicine. It should make it easier for them to orientate themselves in routinely used clinical-biochemical examinations and could form a springboard for a more detailed studying of laboratory methods and their use in diagnostic and monitoring algorithms.
Like any medical discipline, clinical biochemistry is evolving rapidly and gradually integrating with other areas of laboratory medicine. New diagnostic methods penetrate deeper into the essence of the biochemical mechanisms of the human body, and "omic" methods are gaining ground. It is almost sure that in a few years, laboratory examination looks quite different from today. If this publication quite hypothetically reaches its next edition, many chapters will need to updated, and new chapters written following the up-to-date status.
Authors thanks to their colleagues and reviewers for their professional comments and constructive criticism of the text - prof. Jaroslav Racek, MD, DrSc. from FM UK in Pilsen.
Authors thanks very kindly too prof. MUDr. Dušan Dobrota, CSc. (JFM UK Martin) and doc. MVDr. Zuzana Kostecká, PhD. (UVMP, Košice), who read and wrote review of this textbook.

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Jana Shepa (ed.)

The book of abstracts from the first year of the international conference Autumn electrochemical meeting is composed of contributions from the participants of this student conference.

The conference consisted of one invited lecture and six student lectures. The message of this meeting is to create a dialogue between students of electrochemistry and the mutual exchange of knowledge. All contributions are professionally processed and inspiring.

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Jana Shepa - Ivana Šišoláková (eds.)

Abstracts of the 4th International Conference Nanomaterials: Fundamentals and Applications (NFA) 2020 is the contributions summary of the conference participants. The conference will feature three invited lectures and eight registered lectures. This conference is a tool for creating a dialogue between experts in the field of nanomaterials, their use and overall application in various fields. Papers in the proceedings are thematically divided into 6 areas. All contributions are highly professional and interesting and can contribute to further creative scientific work.

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Lenka Mártonfiová - Pavol Mártonfi (eds.)

The Catalogue of Plant Collections contains a list of 4136 species, subspecies and cultivars of plants growing wild or grown in the Botanical Garden of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice (Slovakia). Among them 652 plant species endangered according to CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) are grown in the botanical garden as well as 39 autochtonous plant species are protected by Slovak law.

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Ivan Kundrát - Katarína Skolodová - Monika Minčičová (eds.)

Peer-reviewed conference proceedings

The continuation of the tradition of an international scientific conference of doctoral students and young researchers have not been exception this year. The Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University in Košice, as the organizer of this year's international scientific conference, has chosen a topic entitled "Protection, Prevention and Legal Liability."

Because of the unfavorable epidemiological situation and the cancellation of scientific, professional and other mass events, the conference was transferred to a virtual form. The electronic platform of the conference via online discussion was realized from 3rd to 17th April 2020. The protective function of law, preventive obligations, but also the emerging responsibilities are a vast source of ideas for scientific research, asking questions and finding answers to a range of theoretical and application-law problems in every area of public and private law. Evidence of a generously understood topic is the presented proceedings of scientific papers.

The proceedings, created within the solution of the grant task APVV-16-0002 -Mental Health in the Workplace and Employee Health Assessment, includes various aspects of legal regulation, from academic authors and authors from legal practice. Despite the diversity of the scientific focus, the papers are characterized by a unifying line corresponding to the central theme of the conference and show the interconnectedness of the different areas of law.

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Adriana Boleková et al.

The book is primarily intended for first-year university students, but it is suitable for anyone who needs to learn. Students can find here the basic principles of learning, principles of how to preserve knowledge, how to concentrate without wasting time, how not to stress before a test or exam and many other practical tips. By acquiring simple knowledge, students will be able to learn effectively with the principles of brain-compatible learning in a way that they will acquire as much information as possible in the shortest period of time with maximum retention; that is minimal forgetting.

The book can serve not only as a theoretical background, but also as a practical tool for mastering university education.

The goal was to create a balanced material that would be an interesting source not only for first-year university students, but also for students of higher years and for everyone with a need of lifelong learning.

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Lenka Mártonfiová - Martin Suvák - Pavol Mártonfi (eds.)

Conference 70 Years of the Botanical Garden of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University. Slovakia, Košice 3. – 4. September 2020

The book of abstracts from the conference with international participation includes 38 abstracts from a total of 76 authors from various botanical institutions from Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland, Ukraine and the United Kingdom.

It presents an overview of knowledge and experience from the history and the present of botanical research and nature conservation. In addition to botany and nature conservation, the abstracts also cover the field of plant physiology, production of secondary metabolites, environmental studies, management of protected areas, bioinformatics and other topical research problems. The main paper is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the UPJŠ Botanical Garden, its history and the present and was prepared by the director of the UPJŠ Botanical Garden. It is completed by the papers from the staff of this botanical garden devoted to the current state of research and educational activities in the botanical garden.

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Renáta Panocová

The university textbook "Theories of Intercultural Communication" is primarily intended for master's degree students of translation and interpreting, as well as doctoral students of British and American Studies.

The goal of the textbook is to familiarize students with key theories in the field of intercultural communication. Eight chapters cover a selection of current theories focused on defining cultural dimensions, identity management and negotiation, accommodation and adaptation, anxiety and uncertainty management, and current research on the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.

The final chapter provides a historical overview of intercultural communication theories and outlines key research questions for the future.

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Adriana Boleková (ed.)

Proceedings of Scientific Works

The Košice Morphological Day is an annual May meeting of morphologists, primarily attended by Košice morphological workplaces. On this occasion, a collection of scientific works is regularly published.

This year's collection was published on the occasion of the 23rd Košice Morphological Day, which did not take place due to the poor epidemiological situation.

In the collection, the authors present the results of their scientific-research and pedagogical activities, which are in the form of theoretical overview studies and research works.

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Terézia Hišemová - Darina Kmecová (eds.)

Reviewed proceedings of scientific papers of Conference of Slovak and Czech law romanists, which take place at May, 10.-11.5.2018, at Faculty of Law, UPJŠ in Košice.

The submitted reviewed proceeding of scientific papers on „The loan or usury? Compulsory enforcement of roman - law basics and problems of application practice.”  is prepared within the solution of the grant project VEGA on: „The loan or usury? Compulsory enforcement of historical - law basics and problems of application practice.”, no. p. 1/0198/17.

The authors of papers are important personalities of Roman law working in the Slovak and Czech Republic, as well as PhD students and young scientists from Slovak and foreign universities who are active in the academic environment as well as in legal practice. The main goal of the editors is to help improve the current legal situation, which is assessed as unsatisfactory, and through a historical excursion of the development of the loan institute and then the forced execution of the decision, to create de lege ferenda proposals considering all areas of research.

The Proceedings trace the interrelationships between the substantive law institute in terms of the Roman law of contractus unilaterales - mutuum in its various types, often realized by the attachment of high interest rates, which bordered on the insurrection and the procedural law of individual lawsuits enforced in the legislative, formular and cognitive process. If there was no possibility to impose certain behaviour on the obligated person (the debtor, the sentenced person), then the declared general obligation to enforce the legal norms was only a legal term. It has always been the case that every internally well-organized state, whether antique or present, has to use power tools - often with the use of gross violence - but within the limits of the law, to promote what it has declared valid law. It must protect creditors on the one hand, but it must also prevent self-help and the use of illegal, unjustified and disproportionate violence.

The loan contract as a real contract has often become an integral part and relatively the most frequent reason leading to the compulsory enforcement, especially when contracting parties often agree on the connection of interest - sometimes within the legal limit, sometimes exceeding the legal framework - and in this way the potential future creditor (the plaintiff) significantly increased the insolvency risk of the debtor (the defendant, the sentenced) and of the subsequent execution. The pronounced and deepening social stratification of the Roman population and the secondary depreciation effort, the cancellation of the debts of the poor part of the population logically culminated in social unrest and revolt against the enforcement of the enforcement law.

The proceedings capture not only the rich scientific discussion of Slovak and Czech legal Romanists, but also the opinions, experience and knowledge of experts on contemporary law dealing with this type of issues. As a result, it provides a unique interdisciplinary view of the subject and raises many stimulus points for future research. This work proves that the problems encountered by the various representatives of the Roman jurisprudence and their legal and theoretical bases and solutions are undoubtedly useful and serve as a guideline also for solving legal issues in the field of modern enforcement proceedings.

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Jana Raková - Mária Sováriová Soósová (eds.)

The profession of nursing and the development of the field of nursing care are influenced by international, societal, political, social, and cultural conditions. The result of the long-term evolution of nursing is today's network of universities and higher education institutions that prepare qualified nurses capable of providing high-quality nursing care. Healthcare professionals are trained to meet the new demands imposed by contemporary society and the labor market. Nurses are at the center of most healthcare teams, playing a key role in promoting and protecting health as well as providing nursing care across primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.

The presented scientific anthology includes contributions of both professional and scientific nature from domestic and international authors (from the Czech Republic, Poland, and Lithuania), addressing current requirements for the development of the nursing profession. The central theme focuses on legislative changes concerning the nursing profession in Slovakia as well as in an international context. The connection between theory and practice encompasses topics related to community care, specifics of patient care, and the safety of both patients and healthcare workers.

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Eva Výrostová (ed.)

Proceedings of the International Scientific Seminar "Public Administration as a Provider of Public Services of a Social State - Utilising Foreign Experience for Reforms in the Slovak Republic" held at the Faculty of Public Administration, UPJŠ, Popradská 66 in Košice on 24 November 2017

Public services represent an increasingly expanding segment of the public sector. This growth can be identified primarily horizontally – from services related to general security and other forms of state functionality, through technical infrastructure, postal and telecommunications services, transportation, and information services, to increasingly emphasized healthcare, cultural, educational, and social services. Simultaneously, the entire structure of public services is expanding vertically, particularly in depth: within each area, the range of provided services is broadening.

In this context, the importance of optimizing the structure of service providers is growing, which is the focus of such reform processes as decentralization, deconcentration, privatization, or other forms of structural transformation. The outcome may vary under different conditions, resulting in diverse provider structures for public services of the social state, where the state and its bodies or organizations continue to hold a significant position.

Consequently, the significance of the public administration model as the primary state provider of these services is increasing: due to these processes, countries develop distinct and sometimes incomparable systems of public service providers, even within state bodies or organizations acting on behalf of the state. However, the varying effectiveness of public service delivery systems by public administration bodies remains a persistent reality.

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