The loan or usury? Compulsory enforcement of judgment - roman and law foundations and problems of application practice

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Ladislav Orosz, Diana Horňáková, Patrik Mário Čerňanský

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Jozef Suchoža-Ján Husár-Regina Hučková

The Proceedings of the International Scientific Symposium "LA W-BUSINESS-ECONOMICS XII" is a collection of scientific works by authors participating in the symposium of the same name. The publication focuses primarily on the area of representation in private law, related pai1ies in corporate and bankruptcy law, and current issues of legal regulation of artificial intelligence. The authors of indivídua! contributions are erudite experts from various branches of law. The collection of scientific papers is a complete work in the form of a collection, with an overlap into private and public law sectors. Readers are presented with scientific outputs from authors from the Slovak legal environment, as well as from foreign authors. Several authors' paper provide a European legal perspective or an international comparative perspective.

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Adam Giertl (ed.)

Zborník príspevkov z IX. ročníka študentského Sympózia z medzinárodného a európskeho práva konaného dňa 22. apríla 2016 na pôde Právnickej fakulty Univerzity P. J. Šafárika v Košiciach

Ako vyplýva zo samotného názvu IX. ročníka študentského sympózia z medzinárodného a európskeho práva: „Aktuálne otázky migrácie z pohľadu medzinárodného práva s osobitným zreteľom na Chartu základných práv Európskej únie“, jeho účastníci sa zamerali na mimoriadne aktuálnu tému európskej migrácie, ktorú skúmali z rôznych aspektov ako medzinárodného, tak aj úniového práva (celkom 9 príspevkov).

Pri posudzovaní úlohy jednotlivých aktérov podieľajúcich sa hlavnou mierou na riešení problémov vznikajúcich v dôsledku migrácie do Európy bola zdôraznená predovšetkým úloha medzinárodných špecializovaných organizácií, ktoré často priamo v „teréne“ pomáhajú migrantom s ich neľahkým údelom prostredníctvom humanitárnej, prípadne lekárskej pomoci. Táto však netvorí jedinú reagenciu medzinárodného spoločenstva, nakoľko ju dotvára ako činnosť dotknutých štátov, tak aj rôznych nevládnych organizácií a dobrovoľníkov.

V súvislosti s hodnotením činnosti Európskej únie sa účastníci sympózia zhodli na tom, že masová migračná vlna ju zasiahla pomerne nepripravenú a to ako po inštitucionálnej, legislatívnej a technickej stránke sprevádzanej neujasnenosťou v zaujatí základného prístupu k tejto skutočnosti. Bolo tiež zdôraznené, že k týmto pochybeniam došlo napriek tomu, že vývoj v predošlom období jasne signalizoval možnosť prerastania postupnej migrácie do Európskej únie do masovej podoby. Dodatočné ex post a niekedy aj oneskorené opatrenia prijímané ako reakcia na už prebiehajúci migračný proces podľa názoru účastníkov sympózia prispeli k celkovému zvýšeniu politického napätia v EÚ a rozdelili jej členské štáty do protikladných táborov.

V rámci analýzy legislatívnych nástrojov EÚ na regulovanie migrácie bola detailnejšia pozornosť venovaná tzv. nariadeniu Dublin III, ako aj vplyvu Charty základných práv Európskej únie na spoločný azylový systém (vo svetle vybraných rozhodnutí Európskeho súdneho dvora).

Účastníci sympózia sa tiež oboznámili so základnými zásadami migračnej politiky Austrálie, ktorá v súčasnosti predstavuje celkovo úspešný model riešenia hromadnej migrácie. V rámci diskusie účastníci došli k spoločnému názoru, že austrálsky migračný model môže predstavovať určitú „inšpiráciu“ aj pre Európu a to najmä vo včasnej reagencii na migračné toky aj prostredníctvom osobitných dohovorov Úvodom 9 o spolupráci s krajinami, odkiaľ migranti prichádzajú, ako aj v určitej „flexibilite“ azylového systému. Táto sa môže prejaviť v zavedení dočasného azylového režimu pre azylantov (napríklad 2-3 roky) sprevádzaného monitoringom politickej a bezpečnostnej situácie v jeho domovskom štáte. V prípade, že sa situácia v tomto štáte upokojí azylantovi nebude predĺžený poskytnutý azyl a umožní sa mu odchod do domovského štátu.

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Kristián Csach - Dušan Rostáš (eds.)

Zborník z II. študentského sympózia z práva obchodných spoločností

V novembri 2014 sa v univerzitnom účelovom zariadení v Danišovciach uskutočnil už druhý ročník študentského sympózia z obchodného práva, presnejšie z práva obchodných spoločností. Aj v tomto roku ostalo cieľom študentského sympózia vytvoriť väčší priestor formulovať vlastný pohľad na určitú aktuálnu právnu problematiku a prezentovať výsledky vlastnej práce.
Témou druhého sympózia boli orgány obchodných spoločností, čím sa aj toto sympózium tematicky priblížilo projektu APVV riešeného jednotlivými členmi Katedry obchodného práva a hospodárskeho práva na našej Právnickej fakulte.
Strešná problematika umožnila zadať viaceré aktuálne témy a študenti tak mohli spracovať problémy, s ktorými sa pravdepodobne budú boriť aj v budúcej praxi. Zvolené témy nepatria medzi témy jednohlasne vnímané právnou doktrínou, resp. ustálenou judikatúrou. Práve naopak, zámerne boli zvolené témy, o ktorých niet mnoho tuzemských literárnych zdrojov. Na spracovanie jednotlivých tém tak nepostačovali bežné učebnicové či komentárové znalosti.
Zapojení členovia katedry, tak z radov učiteľov, ako aj doktorandov, pôsobili aj v tomto roku skôr ako kontaktné osoby, než ako konzultanti či vedúci prá-ce študentov. Primárnym účelom sympózii na fakulte je umožniť študentom prejavujúcim záujem o obchodné právo rozvinúť analytické či argumentačné schopnosti ale aj prejavenie osobnosti študenta. Chceme, aby poslucháči rozvíjali nielen odborné znalosti, ale aj osobné schopnosti, tzv. soft skills, umenie prezentovať vlastný názor a presvedčivo argumentovať. Výsledky práce študentov môžete vidieť v tomto zborníku.
Nám ostáva dúfať, že aj iní poslucháči budú mať záujem prehĺbiť svoje poznatky a prezentovať výsledky vlastnej práce na nasledujúcich sympóziách. Veríme, že školské kurikulum sa už nadlho podarilo rozšíriť o ďalšie fakultatívne podujatie.
Záverom ostáva aj v tento rok poďakovať Mgr. Dušanovi Rostášovi za veľký kus práce odvedenej pri záverečnej redakcii a typografických úpravách zborníka.

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Usporiadatelia

 Jozef Olej a kol. 

Preložená vysokoškolská učebnica je venovaná problematike trestného práva procesného, ktorú autori v rovnakom zložení spracovali v roku 2006, bezprostredne po účinnosti nového rekodifikovaného Tr. por. – zák. č. 301/2005 Z.z. Obdobie, ktoré uplynulo od účinnosti tejto právnej normy nepochybne prispelo k potvrdeniu či ustáleniu názorov na niektoré nové inštitúty a súčasne si vyžiadalo potrebu reagovať na početné novelizácie tohto zákona.

Štruktúra predloženej publikácie, členenie do jednotlivých kapitol, v podstate korešponduje s úpravou jednotlivých inštitútov obsiahnutých v Tr. poriadku, a to od úpravy základných pojmov, prameňov, zásad trestného konania, cez postavenie jednotlivých subjektov trestného konania, procesné úkony, inštitúty zaisťovacej povahy a dôkaznej povahy, jednotlivé štádia trestného konania až po úpravu právneho styku s cudzinou, resp. trov trestného konania. Ako už bolo uvedené, autori reagujú na pomerne časté a v mnohých prípadoch aj výrazné zmeny úpravy rekodofikovaného Tr. poriadku, vrátane súvisiacich právnych predpisov, prezentujú svoje názory i názory mnohých iných odborníkov na spracovanú problematiku a tieto konfrontujú s poznatkami z praxe, vrátane uvádzania aktuálnej iudikatúry.

Ambíciou autorov tak bolo a naďalej zostáva, ponúknuť predovšetkým študentom právnických fakúlt základnú učebnú pomôcku pre štúdium trestného práva procesného.

Autori

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Žofia Mrázová (ed.)

Proceedings of Contributions from the V. Student Symposium on Commercial Law

The proceedings are the result of student works presented at the fifth annual student symposium organized by the Department of Commercial Law and Economic Law, Faculty of Law, UPJŠ in Košice, which took place on November 30 – December 1, 2017, at the UPJŠ educational and training facility in Danišovce.

This year’s symposium focused on problematic issues related to creditor rights protection in commercial contractual relationships.

The purpose of these annually organized symposia is to provide students with a platform to present their own opinions and improve their analytical and argumentation skills.

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Daniela Lamačková-Renáta Orosová- Beáta Sakalová- Diana Repiščáková

Methodological guide for teachers for classroom lessons and civics Teaching law experientially? Is it even possible? The answers to these questions are provided by a methodological guide that uniquely links experiential learning methods with legal content. This methodological guide is a set of techniques based on the use of interactive and participatory learning methods, focusing on selected human rights and value-oriented topics, which also have the potential to develop other key competences of students, such as their communication skills, their ability to learn and educate independently, their ability to think critically, their ability to work with and analyse texts, their ability to discuss and express their opinions, and their ability to listen to each other. The methodological guide consists of a set of training activities - techniques, while each technique contains a precise description of the procedure for conducting a specific activity, the expected duration of the activity, aids, discussion topics and also a short pedagogical and legal commentary, precisely "tailored" to the specific legal topic. The legal topics are chosen to be generally applicable to both classroom and civics lessons, to raise questions about the functioning of rules and the need to respect them, mutual respect and tolerance, and to encourage reflection on the limits of individual rights and on responsibility in exercising one's rights. The techniques use training methods such as group work, brainstorming, role-playing, dealing with model situations, as well as a simulated court process. The methodological guide is intended for classroom teachers in the implementation of classroom lessons, and also for the purposes of the subject of civics, as well as for students of pedagogy at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

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Jaroslav Dolný - Monika Seilerová (eds.)

The collection of contributions from the VII. Student Symposium on Commercial Law and Labor Law held on December 5, 2019, at the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice

The theme of this year's symposium provided students with the opportunity to choose between addressing issues related to commercial law or focusing on labor law aspects concerning the position of members of the governing bodies of commercial companies, based on an analysis of legal regulations and case law.

The creative exploration of commercial law questions particularly related to areas such as the manner of acting on behalf of a commercial company, the liability of the de facto statutory body of a commercial company, information obligations of the statutory body towards its shareholders, and the remuneration for serving as a member of the board of directors of a joint-stock company. It also addressed the liability of the statutory body for the insolvency of the company and the enforcement of non-competition clauses concerning managing directors of limited liability companies.

The connection between commercial law and labor law was directed towards a legal analysis of personal data protection related to health and its misuse by members of the governing bodies of commercial companies, as well as the legitimacy of concurrently holding a position (as a member) in a statutory body with an employment relationship, and the legal status of senior employees, particularly concerning their duties and responsibilities for ensuring employee health through creating healthy working conditions.

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Adrián Popovič - Jozef Sábo - Anna Vartašová (eds.)

The International Scientific Conference on the topic Condition and perspectives of public finances in the EU was held 2nd – 3rd June 2022in Košice focused on the topics of the EU Budget and Real Estate in taxation. On this occasion, a student symposium on the topic: "Condition and perspectives of financial law and tax law" was organized for students of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Faculty of Law in Košice on 1st June 2022. The focus of the symposium was chosen due to the content of the grant project VEGA no. 1/0485/21: „Simultaneity and possibilities of reforming the system of own resources of the EU budget (legal and economic aspects also in the context of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic)“, of the grant project VEGA no. 1/0214/21: „Taxation of real property – legal status and potential“ and of the grant project APVV-19-0124 entitled "Tax law and new phenomena in the economy (digital services, shared economy, virtual currencies)", which are currently being addressed at the Department of Financial Law, Tax Law and Economy, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

The output of this symposium is a reviewed proceeding of papers, in which students focus on examining the current challenges of financial law and tax law. In this context, students examine not only the issue of current challenges in the field of real estate tax and the introduction of taxation based on their market value of real estate and the institute of remedies in tax procedural law, but also the current issue of EU budget law with a focus on the revenue side of the EU budget.

The authors also assess in detail the current situation in the research area, and they also present de lege ferenda proposals that could contribute to the development and improvement of several aspects of taxation, which is a benefit not only for legal science but also for application practice.

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Alena Krunková (ed.)

Zborník príspevkov z vedeckej konferencie konanej dňa 28.6.2016 na Právnickej fakulte Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach v súvislosti s riešením projektu Európska únia a jej vplyv na organizáciu a fungovanie verejnej správy v Slovenskej republike - schválený pod číslom MVZP – SK PRES/2016/134

Slovenská republika, ako členský štát Európskej únie, sa zhosťuje  historickej úlohy súvisiacej s realizáciou predsedníctva Rady Európskej únie v rámci predsedníckeho tria. Začiatkom roka 2016 vyhlásilo Ministerstvo zahraničných vecí a európskych záležitostí Slovenskej republiky Výzvu na predkladanie žiadostí o dotáciu na rok 2016 v oblasti medzinárodných vzťahov a zahraničnej politiky SR zameranú práve na predsedníctvo Slovenskej republiky v Rade Európskej Únie. Na túto výzvu zareagovala Právnická fakulta Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach a získala projekt pre realizáciu výskumných aktivít prostredníctvom série podujatí zameraných na regionálnu samosprávu Slovenskej republiky v súvislosti s jej pôsobením v rámci Európskej únie. Problematike práva Európskej únie sa fakulta venuje dlhodobo jednak v pedagogickom procese, no i vo vedeckovýskumnej činnosti jednotlivých pedagógov. Riešený projekt má ambíciu obohatiť toto portfólio o osobitné aktivity zamerané nielen na odbornú sféru, no i na samotných študentov a laickú verejnosť.

Ako prvá aktivita projektu bola realizovaná  konferencia s názvom „Európska únia a jej vplyv na organizáciu a fungovanie verejnej správy v Slovenskej republike – doterajší vývoj a aktuálny stav, perspektívy“. Zúčastnili sa jej pozvaní verejní činitelia, zástupcovia akademickej sféry, no i predstavitelia samosprávy, nakoľko jedným z hlavných cieľov projektu je prepojiť akademickú obec so sférou praktickou a zapojiť tak predstaviteľov praxe do plánovaných aktivít v rámci riešenia projektu.

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Lukáš Jančát

The Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the case-law of the ECtHR represent a decisive legal instrument for the evolution of the right to a fair trial in the member states of the Council of Europe and the European Union, including the Slovak Republic, which affects the minimum level of procedural guarantees for individuals in judicial and administrative proceedings.

The primary purpose of the textbook is to fill the gap consisting in the absence of a comprehensive study text for undergraduate students at Pavol Jozef Šafarik University in Košice, Faculty of Law for the planned subject Right to a fair trial in administrative issues, and doctoral students at this faculty for the subject Protection of fundamental rights and freedoms in criminal matters according to the case-law of the ECtHR.

However, this textbook is also intended as a supplementary study aid for bachelor students in order to deepen their knowledge of the subject Administrative Law II, the result of which is to acquire knowledge about procedural administrative law in the Slovak Republic, as well as the subject of European Administrative Law, the result of which is the acquisition of knowledge about the influence of Council of Europe law on the national administrative law of the Slovak Republic.

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Dominika Marčoková Becková (ed.)

Proceedings of Papers of XVIth year of the student symposium of the Institute of International Law and European Law is devoted to selected aspects of the place and role of criminal law from the point of view of contemporary EU law and international law. In their contributions, students deal with current topics of criminal law in the law of the European Union and international law. In the EU law, the most actual issue is the European Public Prosecutor's Office, a body of the EU responsible for investigateing and prosecuting criminal offenses affecting the Union's financial interests. The first part of papers dealt with the reasons for the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor's Office, its structure and tasks, the issue of conducting the investigation of the European Public Prosecutor's Office in the conditions of the Slovak Republic, as well as with the relations of the European Public Prosecutor's Office with its closest partner, the European Anti-Fraud Office. The second part of the contributions reflects current issues and challenges of criminal law in international law. Authors in their papers focused on the issue of the International Criminal Tribunal for Ukraine, the legal problems and challenges associated with its creation, on the issue of the crime of aggression before the International Criminal Court, as well as on issues of immunity of state representatives before national courts.

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Ján Husár - Regina Hučková (eds.)

Publication Law Business Economy XIII. is collection of international scientific works which contains scientific contributions of wide variety of branches of law, as well as related fields of scientific expertise. Among areas of issues which were discussed in this publication are questions of civil, commercial, tax, custom, competition, intellectual proporty, arbitration and corporate law, as well as other partial areas, including scientific works dealing with economic regulation and business and IT law. Entire publication is significant with richness of scientific contributions from various jurisdictions, because of renowed authors from various countries. Apart from theoretical contribution and expansion of current state of the art in submitted interdisciplinary area, solutions to legal problems were formulated at de lege ferenda level.

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Eva Berníková - Dominika Pisarčíková - Diana Repiščáková (eds.)

Collection of contributions from the international scientific conference of PhD. students and young researchers was created as part of the international scientific conference of PhD. students and young researchers entitled "Law without borders" held on April 27, 2023 at the Faculty of Law of the University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice in connection with the solution of a scientific project entitled "Extraterritorial effects of foreign administrative decisions in the conditions of the European Union" supported by the Grant of the Scientific Grant Agency under no. 01/187/2022.

The aim of the mentioned project is the scientific examination of the extraterritorial impact of administrative decisions in the conditiions of the European Union, in order to determine and subsequently assess the necessity, as well as the extent of harmonization of the legal regulation of the member states of the European Union, based on the growing need to increase the level of free movement of administrative decisions within the European Union.

As part of the research project, an international scientific conference of PhD. students and young researchers was held entitled "Law without borders". PhD. students and young researchers were not only from Slovak republic but also from foreign universities. The main goal of the conference was to emphasize the increasing globalization of law, as a result of which it is no longer possible to perceive national law in isolation, but in correlation with the legal systems of other states, or with the right of transnational, or international organizations, as well as obligations arising for individual states from concluded international agreements. Individual sections and blocks of the conference also corresponded to this goal, within which not only knowledge from positive-legal disciplines, but also knowledge of a theoretical-legal and historical-legal nature was heard.

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Adrián Popovič a kol.

The possibility of solving the grant project VVGS-2016-284 has provided a unique opportunity for members of the author´s team in the interdisciplinary composition to examine the issue not only from a tax-law point of view, but also from a political point of view. In the presented monograph, the authors focused on the characterization of different aspects of the EU in order to allow the reader correctly understand its position in relation to the outside world and to its inward relations within its Member States in the context of the creation and implementation of the EU tax policy.

Particular attention is paid to the definition of the relationship between national tax legislation and EU law, the impact of the EU's tax policy on the national laws of its Member States, with reference to the identification of the harmonized areas with the approximation of their current stage of development and the final objective. This definition can be seen as a prerequisite for a correct and comprehensive understanding of the application and implementation of EU institutions' initiatives to prevent tax evasion and tax fraud and their implementation into the national legal order of the Slovak Republic. In the last part of the monograph, the authors focused on defining individual EU initiatives to combat tax evasion and tax fraud as a means of implementing its tax policy, in the area of ​​indirect taxation, in particular in the field of value added tax and in the field of direct taxation, especially with regard to corporate taxation, and to evaluate their projection into the national tax legislation of the Slovak Republic. At the same time, in these chapters, they assessed the real impact and effect of the measures admitted on the basis of the initiatives in practice.

The presented work is intended for a university student studying in the field of Tax Law and European Law, as well as the broader legal and economic community. However, in view of the scope and recency of the subject under consideration, the authors believe that the publication will find its application not only in the theoretical field but also in the practical field.

 JUDr. Adrián Popovič

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Miroslav Štrkolec - Anna Vartašová - Monika Stojáková  - Soňa Simić

Taxation of Virtual Currency and Digital Services - COVID-19 and other Current Challenges for Tax Law

Reviewed proceedings of scientific papers

This Proceedings presents papers from international scientific conference IV SLOVAK-CZECH DAYS OF TAX LAW on the topic: "Taxation of Virtual Currencies and Digital Services - COVID-19 and other Current Challenges for Tax Law" held on 16th - 18th June 2021 in Košice, Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the grant No. APVV-19-0124 “Tax Law and New Phenomena in the Economy (Digital Services, Sharing Economy, Virtual Currencies)”.

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