Clinical Biochemistry

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Erik Dosedla

Laparoscopic surgical techniques are among the most frequently performed operations today. Throughout their short history, they have undergone many modifications, mainly related to miniaturization and the development of computer technology. The rapid development of laparoscopy over the last twenty years has led to changes in the indications, with minimally invasive procedures gradually replacing standard classical procedures.

Laparoscopic surgery offers significant benefits to the patient, but it also increases the demands on the surgical team.

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Ivana Hockicková-Ondrej Zahornacký

The textbook „Selected chapters in Infectology“ is a comprehensive study material about selected infectious diseases for students of medicine as well as other healthcare professions. It is primarily intended for students of general and dental medicine. It is the first textbook of its kind, aiming to provide students with comprehensive information about different types of infectious diseases, including their causes, typical symptoms, diagnostics, treatment and prevention. It is divided into a total of 18 chapters. The textbook is written in accordance with the latest knowledge about infectious diseases and serves as the foundation for success in the Infectology subject.

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Miroslav Gajdoš - Igor J.Šulla a kol. 

Učebnica pre lekárov a študentov všeobecného lekárstva

Medicína je neprestajne sa vyvíjajúca vedná disciplína. Základný výskum v spojení s klinickou praxou rozširujú súčasné vedomosti, čo sa veľmi výrazne prejavuje aj v neurovedách, v praktickej podobe hlavne v neurofyziológii, neurofarmakológii, neurológii, diagnostickej aj intervenčnej neurorádiológii a v neurochirurgii. V priebehu ostatných troch desaťročí neurovedy prekonali pozoruhodný vývoj. Podnietili ho potreby praxe a umožnilo využitie poznatkov biológie, chémie, biochémie, aplikovanej matematiky, výpočtovej techniky a fyzikálnych objavov realizovaných v moderných prístrojoch i liečebných postupoch. To všetko podstatne uľahčilo, spresnilo a urýchlilo diagnostiku ochorení nervového systému, umožnilo relatívne bezpečné chirurgické zásahy na štruktúrach v minulosti nedostupných a otvorilo nové perspektívy, hlavne v oblasti reparácie poškodených tkanív, respektíve ich funkcií autotransplantáciou kmeňových/progenitorových buniek, terapeutickými zásahmi na genómovej, prípadne proteómovej úrovni. Ako vysokoškolskí učitelia sa každodenne stretávame nielen s mimoriadnym záujmom študentov i zdravotníckych pracovníkov o nové poznatky, ale aj s určitou neistotou pri posudzovaní možností, ktoré jednotlivé disciplíny patriace do skupiny neurovied ponúkajú. Jednou z príčin spomenutého javu je pravdepodobne časový faktor, keď najnovšie poznatky ešte nestačili preniknúť do odbornej literatúry, alebo v nej nie sú dostatočne zdôraznené. Druhou príčinou môže byť pomerne malá skúsenosť s niektorými ochoreniami nervového systému, ktoré sa síce vyskytujú zriedkavejšie, ale ich následky sú závažné. Cieľ, ktorý sme sledovali napísaním tejto učebnice, bolo aspoň čiastočne odstrániť spomenuté nedostatky všetkých odborných publikácií.

Počas prípravy rukopisu sme sa snažili, aby terapeutické postupy, názvy liekov a ich dávkovanie boli v súlade s najnovšími poznatkami vedy a klinickej praxe. Oprávnene však môžeme predpokladať, že budúce objavy zmenia súčasný pohľad na problematiku diagnostiky aj liečby ochorení nervového systému.

Vysokoškolská učebnica je určená študentom všeobecného lekárstva UPJŠ Lekárskej fakulty v Košiciach a lekárom, zameraným hlavne na všeobecné lekárstvo.

Kolektív autorov

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Tatiana Kimáková

This scientific monograph is a comprehensive scientific work focused on the presence and effects of mercury in the environment, as well as the health risk factors associated with it.

The monograph presents a characterization of mercury in a multidisciplinary scope, discusses its use in industry and healthcare, and describes the negative impacts of mercury on the environment and public health. It also provides proposals and recommendations for at-risk groups. The monograph includes a comprehensive study of mercury concentration in samples of domestic and foreign production commodities and plant samples using the atomic absorption spectrometer AMA 254.

This scientific monograph is suitable for the scientific community, students of medical, veterinary, natural sciences, and agricultural fields, as well as public health students at all three levels of university study. It is also intended for all interested members of the informed public.

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Ladislav Kočan - Dušan Rybár - Róbert Rapčan

The autonomic nervous system is a vital component of the peripheral nervous system, responsible for maintaining homeostasis and regulating internal processes within the body. Unlike the voluntary control exerted by the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system operates involuntarily, innervating smooth organs, vessels, skin glands, and even exerting some influence over skeletal muscles in connection with vegetative functions such as breathing, digestion, and the urinary and gonadal systems. Its impact extends crucially to the cardiac muscles of the heart and plays a significant role in endocrine and metabolic functions, thermoregulation, as well as emotional and behavioral responses, including adaptive reactions to stressors.

The aim of this publication is to provide a comprehensive and objective exploration of the anatomical and physiological intricacies of the autonomic nervous system, offering insights into its clinical applications. Within these pages, we meticulously delineate various interventional therapeutic procedures tailored to specific diagnoses related to the autonomic nervous system, aligning each intervention with the anatomical framework of the autonomic system. The efficacy of these procedures is evaluated based on the level of evidence, as per the current recommendations of Evidence-Based Medicine.

This publication is primarily crafted for fifth and sixth-year medical students and medical professionals specializing in anesthesiology, intensive care, and pain medicine. It serves as a valuable resource for gaining a deeper understanding of autonomic nervous system function and its clinical implications, facilitating informed decision-making in clinical practice.

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Tatiana Kimáková

The scientific monograph focuses on health determinants, healthy nutrition, its fundamental components, the consequences of unhealthy nutrition, and alternative dietary trends. The work also includes research targeting selected lifestyle factors among university students, particularly nutrition, eating habits, and physical activity.

This scientific monograph is suitable for the scientific community, students of medical and natural sciences, and public health professionals at all three levels of higher education. It is equally valuable for members of the informed general public interested in the subject.

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Mária Mareková a kol. 

Medical biochemistry is integral parts of basic theoretic knowledge of contemporary graduate at medical faculties. This textbook intends to help the undergraduate students of study branches General Medicine and Dental Medicine for the course of “Medical Biochemistry”. It is structured into 10 chapters concerning several topics: enzymology, cells membrane, metabolism, biochemistry of blood and organs, as well as some parts of clinical biochemistry.

The theoretical knowledge of this subject, which student obtains in the lectures, is verified in laboratory practices and is expanded in seminaries. Our selection of topics makes the text especially appropriate for medical students and managing of problems gives the students satisfactory ground for effective study of medical biochemistry and other related study subjects (e.g. clinical biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology) in the sense of comprehension of relative continuity and interdependence of biochemical process or their function respectively.

Since the textbook brings only the skeleton survey on the biochemical problematic concerning medicine, students should broaden presented facts by additional study from lectures and/or from other sources. We expect this study literature to serve as a basic study material for mentioned medical study branches for preparation to written part of exam from “Medical Biochemistry”.

Authors

M.Stupák - P.Urban - J.Mašlanková - M.Mareková

 Magdaléna Hagovská 

The presented material provides a complex view on rehabilitation of patients in neurology. It is a second completely elaborated and extended edition of the original textbook –Neurology overview for physiotherapists. It contains data on etiology of neurological diseases, pathophysiology, examination in physiotherapy and the possibilities of a conservative treatment. From special treatment methods the faciooral therapy, acral coactivation therapy are described in greater details and the possibilities of diagnosis and training of cognitive functions. In annexes standardized questionnaire methods are described, which can be used in degree (final) works. A part of the publication is the Chapter on vertebrogenic syndromes which are frequently observed in neurological disorders. 

Author

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Jozef Židzik - Terézia Hudáková - Martina Šemeláková - Ján Šalagovič

Methods in human genetics and molecular biology encompass various experimental, diagnostic and analytical techniques used to investigate the structure, function, expression, and regulation of genes, as well as general molecular processes in human cells. The university textbook Methods in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology provides a comprehensive overview of classical and modern experimental and analytical procedures. In fifteen chapters, it addresses methods such as PCR, RFLP, FISH, Western blot, DNA sequencing, DNA microarrays, molecular cloning, cytogenetic analysis, and forensic genetic analysis. The book is primarily intended as study material for the course of the same name taught in the 2nd year of study at the UPJŠ Faculty of Medicine, but it can also be used by all university students in the fields of biology, biotechnology, and related disciplines.

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Martina Vidová Ugurbas

Plastická chirurgia je vysoko špecializovaný medicínsky odbor, ktorý sa zaoberá korekciou defektov, rekonštrukciou a zdokonaľovaním ľudského tela.

Náplňou plastickej chirurgie je korekcia rôznych defektov, vrodených i získaných. Medzi vrodené chyby patria deformity tváre, rázštepy pery a podnebia, deformity ušnice, vrodené vývojové chyby končatín. Najčastejšie získané defekty sú po poraneniach, po chirurgických výkonoch, po fyzikálnych poškodeniach kože a štruktúr krytých kožou.

Do plastickej chirurgie patrí i estetická chirurgia, onkochirurgia a mikrochirurgia, ktorá si zaslúži osobitnú pozornosť. Novými trendami v estetickej chirurgii je rekonštrukcia pomocou tukového tkaniva, kmeňových buniek, používanie rôznych umelých materiálov a implantátov.

Predložené učebné texty v jednotlivých kapitolách popisujú základné princípy plastickej chirurgie, používanie lalokových plastík a iné možnosti krytia defektov. V ôsmych kapitolách sú jednotlivo popísané chirurgické možnosti rekonštrukcie tváre, trupu a končatín. Učebné texty venujú pozornosť malígnym a benígnym kožným tumorom a ich liečbe. Posledná kapitola sa zaoberá najčastejšími estetickými operáciami ako sú augmentácia a redukcia prsníkov, facelifting či blefaroplastika.

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I. R. Mavlyanov - A. K. Ashirmetov - Z. I. Mavlyanov - G. J. Jarilkasinova

Need of carrying out a pharmacological genotyping for providing the individualized pharmacotherapy is shown in the monograph based on the analysis of own and literary data of the central link of drug pharmacokinetics– systems of cytochrome P-450, taking into account its genetic polymorphysm.
The monograph is intended for the clinical pharmacologists, geneticists and experts dealing with this problem.

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Andrea Madarasová Gecková - Daniela Husárová   a kol.

National Report on the Health and Health-Related Behaviour of 11-, 13-, and 15-Year-Old Schoolchildren Based on the Survey Conducted in 2021/2022 within the International Project “Health Behaviour in School-aged Children” (HBSC)

For several years, this study has provided us with key insights for a better understanding of the health-related behaviour of our young people. It examines a range of health-related topics such as sleep, mental well-being, nutritional behaviour, and physical activity. Important areas of research also include school and social relationships within it, family and family background, as well as peer relationships.

The findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms influencing differences and changes in young people’s health and risk behaviours. They are crucial for the development of effective health promotion programmes and health-related behavioural interventions, educational programmes in this field, and for monitoring their effectiveness—not only at the national but also at the international level. The knowledge gained is important for a better understanding of the needs of schoolchildren and for adapting services and systemic support so that these needs are taken into account to the greatest possible extent in today’s rapidly changing world. The study can help us understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of both mental and physical health.

The pandemic and the related epidemiological and hygiene measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus have meant significant restrictions in the daily lives of people of all ages—including children and adolescents. The standard educational process, social contact with peers, extracurricular activities, and other interests both in and out of school were severely disrupted, which had a significant impact on the experiences of schoolchildren.

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Mária Sováriová Soósová a kol.

The proposed university textbook provides knowledge in the field of nursing in internal medicine. It is intended primarily for students of the nursing program, but also for nurses working in this specialization. The textbook builds on the previous two parts: Nursing Process in Internal Medicine I (Sováriová Soósová, 2006) and Nursing Process in Internal Medicine II (Suchanová, 2007). It is divided into four chapters, focusing on disorders of water and electrolyte balance and acid-base equilibrium, kidney and urinary tract diseases, endocrine system diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders.

Each chapter is similarly structured, beginning with diagnostic methods commonly used in the respective area. Subsequent subchapters address nursing care for selected diseases of specific bodily systems. Each subchapter consists of a clinical introduction (characteristics of the disease, its etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment) and nursing care for the given disease. This includes assessment, formulation of nursing diagnoses, and planning nursing care (setting goals, outcome criteria, and planning possible interventions).

The textbook serves as a model framework and algorithm for managing nursing care using the nursing process method.

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Alžbeta Blichárová a kolektív

„Patológia 1. časť (zimný semester) - Praktické cvičenia pre študentov zubného lekárstva“ je prvou časťou vysokoškolskej učebnice predstavujúcou prvú polovicu výučby (zimný semester). V tejto časti je popísaných 54 diagnóz, kde každej je venovaná jedna strana. V popise je uvedené poradové číslo zhodujúce sa s číslom preparátu a názov danej diagnózy. Študent sa pri každom preparáte oboznámi so základnými informáciami o danej chorobe, jej makroskopickým a mikroskopickým obrazom. Navyše je vytvorené miesto, v ktorom si študent môže zaznačiť (nakresliť) charakteristický obraz danej choroby. Preparáty v tejto učebnici sú zamerané na všeobecnú patológiu – regresívne zmeny, progresívne zmeny, pigmentáciu, hojenie, zápaly a nádory.

Tým, že učebnica umožňuje preparáty zakresľovať, vytvára študentom priestor pre trvalejšie zapamätanie si danej problematiky. Je vynikajúcim zdrojom pre prípravu študentov na kolokvium a ústnu skúšku.

Alžbeta Blichárová - Ľudmila Verbóová - Zuzana Benetinová - Vladimír Tancoš  - Patrícia Kollárová  - Adam Nedoroščík - Erika Štammová  - Pavel Kočan

“Pathology Part 2 (summer semester) - Practical lessons for students of general medicine” represents the second half of the university textbook designed for the pregradual study of pathology. The textbook complements the lectures of pathology and serves as a source of information for students of general medicine, that are preparing for the practical credit, as well as the final oral examination.

In this part of the “Pathology” series, seventy selected histopathological slides are presented. Each selected slide is provided with general information in relation to etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, as well as with corresponding morphological features, including the gross appearance and the most important histopathological characteristics. The textbook summarizes the basic concepts of systemic (organ) pathology (pathology of the lungs, hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, urogenital system, breast, endocrine, musculoskeletal, nervous system, skin childhood and infancy), that is logical continuation and completion of general pathology in the first semester.

Keywords: systemic pathology – histopathological slides – general medicine – gross appearance – microscopic image