Nanotechnology

E-book

Janka Vrláková - Stanislav Vokál

Atómová a jadrová fyzika sú pomerne mladé vedecké disciplíny tvoriace záverečnú časť všeobecného kurzu fyziky na PF UPJŠ. Ich cieľom je výklad podstaty základných fyzikálnych vlastností atómov, atómového jadra a elementárnych častíc.
To je aj obsahom prednášok a cvičení „Všeobecná fyzika IV“ v 2. ročníku bakalárskeho stupňa štúdia fyziky na Prírodovedeckej fakulte (PF) Univerzity P.J. Šafárika (UPJŠ) v Košiciach. Na ne nadväzujú voliteľné prednášky „Jadrové žiarenie v životnom prostredí“, „Úvod do fyziky mikrosveta“ v 3. ročníku bakalárskeho stupňa jednoodborového štúdia fyziky, príp. učiteľského štúdia fyziky v kombinácii s iným predmetom a „Subjadrová fyzika“ v 1. ročníku magisterského stupňa učiteľského štúdia fyziky v kombinácii s iným predmetom. V spomenutých prednáškach sú predstavené najnovšie experimentálne poznatky o štruktúre a chovaní mikrosveta pomocou fyzikálnych teórií a ich nasledujúcej experimentálnej previerke v experimente.
Hlbšie pochopenie tohto rozsiahleho materiálu by mal umožniť aj tento vysokoškolský učebný text „Základné fyzikálne praktikum III“, ktorého prvá časť je pred Vami. Tieto skriptá obsahujú základné úlohy z praktika jadrovej fyziky realizované na Katedre jadrovej a subjadrovej fyziky (KJSF) PF UPJŠ v posledných rokoch v zimnom semestri na bakalárskom stupni štúdia fyziky, či už jednoodborovom, alebo v kombinácii s iným predmetom. Predložené učebné texty predstavujú prepracovanie a doplnenie starších skrípt (M. Karabová a kolektív, Základné fyzikálne praktikum, PF UPJŠ, 1984) používaných na KJSF doteraz.

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 Matúš Harminc 

Tento učebný text je určený poslucháčom medziodborového štúdia v kombináciách s matematikou, jednoodborového štúdia matematiky ako aj rozširujúceho štúdia matematiky. Je za-meraný na kvadratické kongruencie a niektoré diofantovské rovnice.

Autor

E-book

Martin Bačkor - Silvia Mihaličová (eds.)

Zborník príspevkov z konferencie 11. DNI DOKTORANDOV EXPERIMENTÁLNEJ BIOLÓGIE RASTLÍN a 13. KONFERENCIE EXPERIMENTÁLNEJ BIOLÓGIE RASTLÍN, KOŠICE, 9. – 13. september 2013

13. KONFERENCIA EXPERIMENTÁLNEJ BIOLÓGIE RASTLÍN
(sekcie)
1. Bunková biológia a cytológia: Michal Martinka
2. Vývinová biológia a morfogenéza: Alexander Lux
3. „Omiky“ – genomika, transkriptomika a proteomika: Boris Vyskot
4. Hormonálna regulácia rastu a vývinu rastlín: Jana Albrechtová
5. Fotosyntéza, tvorba a transport asimilátov: Jiří Šantrůček
6. GMO a rastlinné biotechnológie: Eva Čellárová
7. Biofyzikálne signály a optické vlastnosti rastlín: Jan Nauš
8. Fyziológia stresu: Ľudmila Slováková
9. Interakcie rastlín s organizmami: Martin Bačkor
10. Voda a minerálna výživa rastlín: Miroslav Repčák
11. Produkþná biológia rastlín a poľnohospodárstvo: Václav Hejnák
12. Ekologická biológia rastlín a globálne klimatické zmeny: Michal Marek

11. DNI DOKTORANDOV EXPERIMENTÁLNEJ BIOLÓGIE RASTLÍN
(sekcie)
1. Molecular & Cell Genetics: Viktor Žárský
2. Developmental Biology: Alexander Lux
3. Biochemistry & Physiology: Jiří Šantrůček
4. Systematics & Evolution: Jana Albrechtová
5. Ecophysiology: Jana Albrechtová ​

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Jozef Strečka

The present textbook deals with exactly solved models and their diverse applications in several branches of physics such as mathematical physics, statistical physics, condensed matter physics and so on. Exactly soluble models are currently considered as an inspiring research field in its own right, which regrettably requires a considerable knowledge of sophisticated mathematics. Accordingly, my primary ambition was to provide an intro- ductory course for undergraduate students that would cover the simplest exactly solved models, whose rigorous solutions are available even after modest calculation. The present textbook should be therefore regarded as an auxiliary graduate-level textbook, which should serve as the student’s guide on this beautiful but surely intricate subject.

Even although I attempted to write largely self-contained textbook for undergraduate students, it is worthy of notice that the course on Exactly Solvable Models in Statistical Physics demands essential knowledges from the quantum mechanics, statistical physics, phase transitions and critical phenomena, which are its indispensable prerequisities. The most crucial fundamentals of these theories are briefly recalled in introductory remarks just for remembering and not for substituting those comprehensive courses. The rest of this textbook is entirely devoted to exactly solved lattice-statistical models with the main emphasis laid on their possible applications in the condensed matter physics. It is the author’s hope that the presented exact solutions are detailed enough in order to be easily followed by undergraduate students even without a support of tedious proofs, cumbersome theorems, longer argumentations, or obvious facts. This rather necessary compromise has of course a certain unadvisable impact on ’exactness’ of the presented solutions.

Finally, it is worthwhile to remark that the present textbook makes just a slight introduction into the simplest exactly solvable models and thus, the interested reader is referred for the follow-up study to several excellent books on exactly solved models quoted in the bibliography list on the next page. Note that the listed books were the major knowledge sources used by creating this textbook and they might be regarded as more advanced literature on this exciting research field.

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E-book

Vladimír Sedlák

In the presented university textbooks, so-called satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS, from the English Satellite Based Augmentation Systems, in Slovak Systémy rozširujúce základné satelitné systémy) are also discussed. These systems enhance, expand, or refine the basic satellite navigation systems. They are supportive satellite systems for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems). Currently, the long-operational American GPS and Russian GLONASS systems, as well as the partially operational European Galileo system (since December 2016), have and will continue to have broad applications in various fields of human activity, both professional and personal.

The university textbook Globálne navigačné satelitné systémy (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) reflects the current progressive development in the technological and instrumental principles and components of such satellite navigation systems. It presents the state of these satellite technologies from their historical origins and development to the present. The rapid advancements, particularly in the instrumental base of satellite navigation systems, will require updates on their current state in future editions of these university textbooks.

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Kveta Markušová - Daniela Kladeková

Elektrochémia je veda, ktorá študuje iónové systémy a také procesy alebo javy, ktoré prebiehajú na hranici iónových systémov s kovmi alebo s polovodičmi. V súčasnom štádiu rozvoja môžeme elektrochémiu rozdeliť podľa jej zamerania na dve oblasti. Prvá z nich - ionika - sa zaoberá vlastnosťami iónových sústav (roztoky, taveniny, tuhé elektrolyty). Druhá oblasť - elektrodika - sa zaoberá javmi na fázovom rozhraní elektróda/iónová sústava.

Ionika aj elektrodika skúmajú rovnovážne aj nerovnovážne javy a procesy. Výskumom vlastností iónových sústav za rovnovážnych podmienok získavame informácie a predstavy o štruktúre a zložení roztokov a tavenín elektrolytov, ako aj tuhých elektrolytov, kým merania za nerovnovážnych podmienok referujú o elektrickej vodivosti iónových sústav. V oblasti elektrodiky sa štúdiom rovnováh na rozhraní elektróda/roztok (prípadne tavenina) zaoberá elektrochemická termodynamika. Meranie rýchlostí procesov prebiehajúcich na tomto fázovom rozhraní a vysvetlenie zákonitostí, ktorými sa tieto procesy riadia, je predmetom kinetiky elektródových procesov alebo elektrochemickej kinetiky.

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Katarína Cechlárová (ed.)

In 2018, the Student Scientific Conference was held on April 18, 2018, in 16 sections covering biology and ecology, chemistry, physics, geography, mathematics, computer science, and their subject didactics. There were 110 registered contributions from bachelor's and master's students. Additionally, eight high school students participated outside of the competition; these students already visit our alma mater at a young age, work in our laboratories, and prepare for further studies under the guidance of our enthusiastic teachers. The day also included a programming competition and the IHRA competition in three categories, where students from PF UPJŠ competed alongside pupils from elementary and secondary schools.

The abstracts of the Student Scientific Conference contributions convincingly demonstrate that PF UPJŠ students study their field not only theoretically but also actively engage in solving partial scientific problems that are part of the research goals at PF UPJŠ institutes. This collection provides an overview of scientific activity at the faculty, which we believe will be interesting for the broader public as well.

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Ondrej Krídlo

University textbooks present the basics of knowledge systems, which are divided into two parts. The first part of the publication is devoted to the basis of Formal Concept Analysis, ie the method of data analysis, knowledge representation and information processing, which is based on the formalization of the concept. In the second part we deal with the basics of logic programming, procedural semantics of logic programming, ie programs - theories, questions, SLD-derivation, SLD-tree, search strategies.

University textbooks are intended for students of master's degree programs in computer science.

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E-book

Karel Saksl

The aim of these study texts is to provide students in the second and third levels of higher education with specific guidance on processing 2D diffraction data, performing phase analysis from X-ray diffraction data, and refining microstructural parameters of identified phases using the Rietveld refinement method.

This guide is designed in the form of real-world tasks from materials research and leads the reader step by step through the processes of processing, evaluating, and interpreting the measured data. For this purpose, freely accessible programs such as Fit2D, QualX, POV-Ray, and GSAS II will be used, as well as a freely downloadable commercial program (Diamond) that allows for task execution in demonstration mode. Phase analysis will be conducted exclusively using the freely distributable crystallographic database Crystallography Open Database (COD).

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E-book

Katarína Kimáková

The textbook is intended for university students who are preparing for the profession of biology teacher. The structure of the book is similar to an encyclopedia, with one page devoted to each content item, but the topics of the chapters and subchapters follow each other. The explanatory text on the page illustrates the diagram and there are notes and links to other sources of information. For better orientation, the content of the textbook is divided into 8 sections, which cover several chapters. It follows the general didactics, which it connects with the teaching of biological content. The book provides a basic orientation in the approaches to learning this subject, and also explains the relationship between biology as a science and the didactics of biology. It deals with teaching standards and curricula, advises on how to master biological concepts and understanding, how to communicate with students in biology classes, when and why are effective visual and practical methods. It acquaints the reader with the issue of setting goals for biological education in the cognitive, psychomotor and affective areas in relation to formative and summative assessment. Hopeful as well as experienced teachers will find in this publication not only a look into the history of teaching biology, but also a look into the future. Current trends in biology teaching, the connection of teaching with digital technologies, the virtual learning environment and interactive simulations and models belong to science lessons today.

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E-book

Ivana Sotáková-Martin Vavra-Mária Ganajová

This textbook has been designed for the master students of chemistry teaching (combined) at the Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice as a source of model school experiments in general and inorganic chemistry. It will be used for teaching the Special Practice of School Experiments I compulsory course. It consists of instructions for experiments related to the selected topics in general and inorganic chemistry as well as the didactic and technical aspects of their performance. Each experiment includes an explanation of the principle, specification of the tools and chemicals needed, working procedure, and the respective apparatus assembly scheme. At the end of each experiment, the observation and explanation necessary for the correct interpretation of the results of the chemical experiment performed are provided. To follow the requirements for the digital transformation of education, selected computer-aided experiments and visualiser projections have been included as well. The next part is focused on the work with the monitoring suitcase, which can be used for making simple field experiments related to environmental topics. The final part is dedicated to attractive experiments that complement the topics in inorganic chemistry and can be used to motivate students. All experiment instructions are in line with the requirements specified by the state educational programmes for primary and grammar schools. This book allows teachers to select appropriate demonstrative experiments or experiments for laboratory classes performed by students themselves. The videos of selected experiments are also available as part of the interactive periodical table of elements operated by the Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

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E-book

Jana Shepa (ed.)

The book of abstracts from 6th International Conference on Nanomaterials: Fundamentals and Applications, NFA 2022 is composed of contributions from the participants of this international conference. The conference consisted of 4 invited lecture and 52 abstracts of participants. The conference is focused on nanotechnology and its application in various research areas. All contributions are professionally processed and inspiring.

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E-book

Martin Bačkor - Miriam Bačkorová

The proposed text focuses on the history of studying biology, medicine, and pharmacy as scientific disciplines from prehistoric times through antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the modern era. The text chronologically organizes the most significant figures in the history of biological scientific disciplines, outlines key characteristics of major historical discoveries, and reevaluates their significance from the perspective of 21st-century science.

The educational text is chronologically divided into the most significant periods of civilization development. The last two completed centuries—the 19th and 20th—are subdivided into major life science fields due to the unprecedented growth of biological disciplines and the resulting volume of acquired information.

Since it can sometimes be challenging in science to define what constitutes the past versus the present of a particular discipline, we have excluded significant biological discoveries from the early 21st century, which are typically regarded as the “present” of biology.

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E-book

Dušan Barabas a kol.

Predkladaný text je výsledným produktom práce v rámci projektu „Tanuljunk egymástól!/Učme sa jeden od druhého!“ Projekt vznikol na základe dlhoročných kontaktov pracovníkov Centra regionálnych výskumov Maďarskej akadémie vied a Ústavu geografie Prírodovedeckej fakulty UPJŠ v Košiciach ako prirodzená snaha o rozširovanie vzájomnej spolupráce. Prvým krokom bola spolupráca v rámci projektov Intereg II, do ktorej sa zapojil široký okruh pracovísk tak akademického, ako aj mimo akademického prostredia. Tento prvý pokus nebol úspešný z dôvodu administratívnych chýb. Z toho dôvodu bol po vzájomnej dohode s Maďarskou stranou pripravený a vypracovaný projekt HUSK/0801/1.6.1/0003 „Tanuljunk egymástól!/Učme sa jeden od druhého!“, ktorý bol schválený a spolufinancovaný Európskym fondom regionálneho rozvoja v rámci Programu cezhraničnej spolupráce Maďarská republika - Slovenský republika 2007 - 2013.

Konkrétny cieľ projektu zahŕňal usporiadanie niekoľkých stretnutí, kde slovenskí a maďarskí odborníci v oblasti geografie prezentovali svoj výskum a myšlienky. Zároveň sa podujali dodať materiál reprezentujúci ich prácu. V rámci šiestich stretnutí sa počas prvej etapy projektu stretlo 30 výskumníkov zo Slovenska a 30 výskumníkov z Maďarska, ktorí predstavili výsledky svojej práce a dodali záverečné výstupy v rozsahu 1 autorského hárku.

Stretnutia neboli samoúčelné. Vznikol rámec pre kooptovanie vedeckých tímov, ktoré by mohli aj v budúcnosti naďalej spolupracovať. Táto kooperácia určite prispeje nielen ku konkrétnym osobným kontaktom, ale bude aj základom pre tvorivú vedu na oboch stranách hranice. Projekt trvajúci jeden rok priniesol vedecký zborník, v ktorom sú predstavené niektoré špecifické problémy z geografie Maďarska a Slovenska. Ich predstavenie poslúži k porovnaniu teoreticko-metodologických východísk použitých pri riešení podobných problematík, prípadne umožní porovnať efektívnosť a výpovednú hodnotu dosiahnutých výsledkov. V zborníku sú publikované aj texty, ktoré nemajú tematicky zodpovedajúci náprotivok. Sú však inšpiráciou pre výskumníkov z opačnej strany. Predložený materiál si taktiež kladie ambíciu slúžiť ako doplnkový študijný text pre slovenských a maďarských vysokoškolákov, ako aj odbornú a laickú verejnosť.

Veríme, že vďaka realizovanému projektu a jeho výstupu vo forme vedeckého zborníka sa nám podarí stierať existujúce hranice a byť bližšie jeden k druhému.

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E-book

Miroslava Martinková

This electronic material provides the basic principles of creating a systematic nomenclature of organic compounds, from the simplest hydrocarbons to the more complicated nomenclature of carbohydrates. For some groups of derivatives, alternative ways of generating system names are also mentioned, as well as the most common trivial names that are still in use in the literature and in practice, in some cases being the characteristic (dominant) ones. In the introductory section, the basic rules to be respected when writing names of organic compounds are discussed. This document is intended primarily for interdisciplinary undergraduate and graduate students as support material for the courses Organic Chemistry and Selected Chapters in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry. In the final section of this document, solved examples are given so that the student can check how the rules for forming the names of organic compounds have been understood.

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Marcel Uhrin - Petr Benda -  Peter Kaňuch

Bats represent a unique group of mammals, characterised by different life strategies. They are the only mammals capable of active flight, which, combined with their almost exclusively nocturnal activity, has led to the evolution of specific adaptations. One of the most striking is echolocation, which enables them to orientate themselves perfectly in their surroundings in the dark. Bats are mainly native to the tropics, but have also colonised areas outside the tropics, which, has led to a complex phenological cycle with active phases and interruptions during hibernation, especially in temperate zones. In this diverse and species-rich group (almost 1,500 known species), there is a wide range of social organisation as well as feeding and roosting strategies. The textbook "Fundamentals of Chiropterology" brings the current state of knowledge about these extraordinary animals in eleven chapters and two appendices for the first time in the Slovak language.