Blockchain technológia ako činiteľ (faktor) ovplyvňujúci súčasnú podobu práva

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Jozef Sábo

The monograph deals with two fundamental aspects concerning evaluation of evidence in the law. In the first part, the monograph addresses the question: „How it is possible to apply law in individual case, if human knowledge about past is objectively limited and flawed?“ (e.g. what is the nature of truth in the law?). The second part of the monograph identifies certain models of reasoning concerning factual questions which occur across different individual legal cases (especially tax cases and criminal cases). In that regard, the monograph draws from Anglo-American legal scholarship and deals with three main concepts concerning evaluation of evidence: argumentation, probability and narratives and their role in evaluation of evidence.

The monograph is the output of the grant project APVV no. 16-0160 which deals with the issue of tax evasion and tax avoidance (especially their motivating factors, emergence, and elimination). The author believes that better understanding of evaluation of evidence may contribute to the improvement in effectiveness of tax administration.

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Dominika Marčoková Becková (ed.)

Proceedings of Papers of XVIth year of the student symposium of the Institute of International Law and European Law is devoted to selected aspects of the place and role of criminal law from the point of view of contemporary EU law and international law. In their contributions, students deal with current topics of criminal law in the law of the European Union and international law. In the EU law, the most actual issue is the European Public Prosecutor's Office, a body of the EU responsible for investigateing and prosecuting criminal offenses affecting the Union's financial interests. The first part of papers dealt with the reasons for the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor's Office, its structure and tasks, the issue of conducting the investigation of the European Public Prosecutor's Office in the conditions of the Slovak Republic, as well as with the relations of the European Public Prosecutor's Office with its closest partner, the European Anti-Fraud Office. The second part of the contributions reflects current issues and challenges of criminal law in international law. Authors in their papers focused on the issue of the International Criminal Tribunal for Ukraine, the legal problems and challenges associated with its creation, on the issue of the crime of aggression before the International Criminal Court, as well as on issues of immunity of state representatives before national courts.

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Ľudmila Pošiváková -  Zuzana Antošová - Milan Kočan (eds.)

Zborník príspevkov zo študentskej rozpravy konanej dňa 24. apríla 2013 na Právnickej fakulte UPJŠ v Košiciach.

V súčasnom období sa o právnom štáte v širokej miere debatuje tak na úrovni akademickej, ako i na úrovni politickej. Táto debata súvisí nie len so snahou o nastolenie Rule of Law v štátoch, ktoré prešli od socialistického zriadenia na demokratické, ale aj v štátoch, ktoré sa zmietajú v rôznych nepokojoch, politických či náboženských. Avšak nejde len o debatu týkajúcu sa niektorých znakov Rule of Law, ktoré chýbajú vo vnútroštátnom práve, resp. znakov Rule of Law chýbajúcich na úrovni medzinárodného práva, ale aj o debatu o samotnej definícii a zmysle Rule of Law. Právny štát by sme mohli prirovnať k ideálu, ktorý sa snaží dosiahnuť takmer každý štát. Aj v prípade vzniku samostatnej Slovenskej republiky sa ústavodarcovia rozhodli zaradiť medzi úvodné ustanovenia, ktoré by mali tvoriť jadro ústavy, že Slovenská republika je právny štát. Pre dosiahnutie ideálu právneho štátu je však okrem vyhlásenia potrebné prijať aj opatrenia, ktoré sú nevyhnutné pre nezávislé súdnictvo, demokraciu, efektívne uplatňovanie ľudských práv, deľbu moci a mnoho ďalších, ako elementy, ktoré charakterizujú právny štát.

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Lucia Bakošová - Ľudmila Elbert - Ľubica Gregová Širicová 

Disasters, whether natural or industrial, have a serious impact on the functioning of society and are a negative phenomenon which, with the increasing impact of climate change, is increasingly affecting the sustainable development and prosperity of States. Their increasing regularity and intensity affect the current evolution not only of social life, but also of legal debates on the necessity of responding to international and national disaster response, eliminating their negative consequences and protecting affected persons. No State is immune to the occurrence of disasters, and this also applies to the Slovak Republic, which is mostly affected by sudden natural disasters, namely floods, landslides, droughts, fires, windstorms and snow calamities.

The subject of this publication is the proposal of the methodological guidelines regulating the activities of NGOs in case of disaster, as well as cooperation with the state affected by the disaster, and the glossary of legal terms which need to be clear and unified in case of disaster. Slovak and English version of the proposal is basic precondition of its usability not only for the state organs of the Slovak republic and Slovak NGOs, but also for foreign NGOs.The Proposal of the methodological guidelines is the result of the research project VVGS-PCOV 2018-459: Návrh metodického postupu mimovládnych organizácií v prípade katastrofy v podmienkach Slovenskej republiky (The Proposal of the methodological guidelines for the non-governmental organisations in case of disaster in conditions of the Slovak republic).

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Monika Minčičová - Marcel Dolobáč - Jana Žuľová

The presented proceedings of papers is the result of the international scientific conference "Employee in the digital environment", which was organized as part of the research project VEGA 1/0790/20 Employee protection in the context of the Industrial Revolution 5.0 - starting points, opportunities and risks. The online scientific conference took place on the 5th of November 2021 under the auspices of the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law, Faculty of Law, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice. The proceedings includes a variety of scientific papers focused on the study of current issues caused by the digital transformation of society.Authors respond to partial legal problems of labour law and social security law at the theoretical-legal and application level and reflect on the consequences of ongoing phenomena for the labour market and labour law legislation.

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Ján Klučka et al.

The aim of the current monograph is to provide comprehensive view of the status of regional judicial organs in current conditions of regionalism. Based on selected issues examined in individual chapters research team presents the comprehensive study focused on clarification of the status and significance of regional judicial organs in terms of new regionalism.

Research of the role of regional courts in the system of peaceful settlement of disputes demonstrates the significant role of the regional courts within the promotion of the rule of law, regional integration and also significant role of regional courts to ensure legal certainty within the system of compliance with decisions of regional courts. The result of examination of possibilities of individuals to access to regional judicial organs is comparative evaluation of regional possibilities of individual to defend his/her rights within regional courts of various regions. Particular part of this area is the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial as basic rights within the proceedings of regional judicial organs. Within the examination of preliminary rulings of international regional courts of different regions the role of regional judicial organs in the process of effective implementation of the principle of the rule of law was the subject of examination.

For the proper functioning of the regional judicial organs as well as independence of judges and legal certainty in International law, the ethical rules of international judicial organs and tribunals, which are the subject of the last chapter, are significant.

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Jozef Suchoža - Ján Husár - Regina Hučková (eds.)

Zborník vedeckých prác

Prezentované vedecké práce publikované v Zborníku sú výsledkom najmä vedeckého výskumu odborníkov pôsobiacich na akademickej pôde, a to na Právnických fakultách najmä v Slovenskej a Českej republike, ako aj odborníkov zo zahraničia, nevynímajúc Poľsko, Ruská federácia, Srbsko a pod. V tomto Zborníku svoje vedecké a odborné príspevky publikovali tiež odborníci z právnej praxe, a to najmä advokáti, notári, sudcovia pôsobiaci nielen na našom území, ale aj sudcovia Všeobecného súdu EÚ.  Zborník obohatili svojim príspevkom aj odborníci z oblasti bankovníctva. Okrem toho, však Zborník dáva priestor aj nádejným adeptom právnej vedy, čím v sebe snúbi nadčasovosť s dynamikou.

Prihliadnuc k rôznorodosti publikovaných príspevkov možno uviesť, že v predkladanom Zborníku dochádza k prepojeniu najmä teórie a praxe, súkromného a verejného práva, ako aj rôznych právnych odvetví. Napriek tomu však, obsah predkladaného Zborníka pokrýva a prezentuje ústrednú tému medzinárodného sympózia, a to „KORPORÁCIE – KONTRAKTY – KODIFIKÁCIE – KONTEXTY“. Jednotlivé časti Zborníka navzájom spolu súvisia a vytvárajú ucelený komplex, subsumovaný pod publikáciu, ktorá sa vyznačuje jednotnosťou. 

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Terézia Hišemová - Darina Kmecová (eds.)

Reviewed proceedings of scientific papers of Conference of Slovak and Czech law romanists, which take place at May, 10.-11.5.2018, at Faculty of Law, UPJŠ in Košice.

The submitted reviewed proceeding of scientific papers on „The loan or usury? Compulsory enforcement of roman - law basics and problems of application practice.”  is prepared within the solution of the grant project VEGA on: „The loan or usury? Compulsory enforcement of historical - law basics and problems of application practice.”, no. p. 1/0198/17.

The authors of papers are important personalities of Roman law working in the Slovak and Czech Republic, as well as PhD students and young scientists from Slovak and foreign universities who are active in the academic environment as well as in legal practice. The main goal of the editors is to help improve the current legal situation, which is assessed as unsatisfactory, and through a historical excursion of the development of the loan institute and then the forced execution of the decision, to create de lege ferenda proposals considering all areas of research.

The Proceedings trace the interrelationships between the substantive law institute in terms of the Roman law of contractus unilaterales - mutuum in its various types, often realized by the attachment of high interest rates, which bordered on the insurrection and the procedural law of individual lawsuits enforced in the legislative, formular and cognitive process. If there was no possibility to impose certain behaviour on the obligated person (the debtor, the sentenced person), then the declared general obligation to enforce the legal norms was only a legal term. It has always been the case that every internally well-organized state, whether antique or present, has to use power tools - often with the use of gross violence - but within the limits of the law, to promote what it has declared valid law. It must protect creditors on the one hand, but it must also prevent self-help and the use of illegal, unjustified and disproportionate violence.

The loan contract as a real contract has often become an integral part and relatively the most frequent reason leading to the compulsory enforcement, especially when contracting parties often agree on the connection of interest - sometimes within the legal limit, sometimes exceeding the legal framework - and in this way the potential future creditor (the plaintiff) significantly increased the insolvency risk of the debtor (the defendant, the sentenced) and of the subsequent execution. The pronounced and deepening social stratification of the Roman population and the secondary depreciation effort, the cancellation of the debts of the poor part of the population logically culminated in social unrest and revolt against the enforcement of the enforcement law.

The proceedings capture not only the rich scientific discussion of Slovak and Czech legal Romanists, but also the opinions, experience and knowledge of experts on contemporary law dealing with this type of issues. As a result, it provides a unique interdisciplinary view of the subject and raises many stimulus points for future research. This work proves that the problems encountered by the various representatives of the Roman jurisprudence and their legal and theoretical bases and solutions are undoubtedly useful and serve as a guideline also for solving legal issues in the field of modern enforcement proceedings.

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Ľuboš Dobrovič - Vladimír Vrana

The world of diplomacy, whether ancient or modern, is naturally prone to problems associated with cultural clashes and often serves as an “unarmed battlefield” of cultural concepts. International diplomacy, however, stands on the assumption of war, as misunderstandings and cultural discrepancies lead to confusion. Cultural encounters also provide many opportunities for the choice of misunderstanding: the choice to perceive an act as an insult, even if unintended, or the choice to ignore the most blatant intentional insult, all according to momentary expediency.

The Roman historian Livy recounts an anecdote about the gates of the Temple of Janus, which, when open, signified that Rome was at war. However, the doors of the ancient Temple of Janus were closed only twice from the beginning of the 7th century BC to the end of the 1st century BC. One might ask, how many times and for how long after the signing of the Treaty of Trianon were the metaphorical gates of the European (or global) Temple of Janus closed?

The publication that the reader holds in their hands does not attempt to exhaustively answer all questions of ancient and modern international diplomacy. That is neither possible nor the goal of this scientific monograph. Authors seeking intersections between diplomacy of antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the early 20th century encountered some thought-provoking ideas and controversial debates. Indeed, what other conclusions can the topic of the Treaty of Trianon and the perpetual clash of cultures in the Mediterranean antiquity and medieval Europe bring?

We believe that the topic of ancient and modern diplomacy will inspire the reader and stimulate the professional public to new ideas, reflections, and scholarly activity.

The scientific monograph was prepared as an output of the project of the Agency for the Support of Research and Development No. APVV-19-0419: "100 years of the Treaty of Trianon."

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Peter Huba - Jozef Sábo - Martin Štrkolec

Predkladaná monografia si za svoj cieľ kladie priblížiť problematiku medzinárodných daňových únikov ako po stránke jej pojmových východísk, tak aj z hľadiska konkrétnych metód a schém realizácie daňových únikov Členovia autorského kolektívu sa otázkami daňových únikov zaoberali taktiež vo svojich prácach Medzinárodné daňové úniky a daňové raje (JUDr. Jozef Sábo) a Právne aspekty zamedzenia dvojitého zdanenia a zabránenia daňovým únikom (JUDr. Peter Huba). Táto monografia predstavuje syntézu predmetnej výskumnej činnosti členov autorského kolektívu preĺbenú o interdisicplinárny rozmer problému daňových únikov. Zároveň poukazeje na tie nedostatky, ktoré sa javia byť z pohľadu rizika medzinárodných daňových únikov a erózie základu dane na Slovensku najzávažnejšie. V tomto smere sa predkladá komparatívny pohľad na uvedenú problematiku, ktorý vo veľkej miere čerpá zo zdrojov americkej proveniencie, čo je spôsobené najmä kvalitným a dlhodobým výskumom v oblasti medzinárodných daňových únikov v USA.

Autorský kolektív verí, že aj prostredníctvom tejto monografie sa podarí priblížiť problematiku daňových únikov na dani z príjmov právnických osôb a táto získa rovnocennú pozornosť odbornej verejnosti popri daňových podvodoch na dani z pridanej hodnoty a iných vypuklých problémoch súčasnej daňovej legislatívy.

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Žofia Mrázová (ed.)

Proceedings of Contributions from the V. Student Symposium on Commercial Law

The proceedings are the result of student works presented at the fifth annual student symposium organized by the Department of Commercial Law and Economic Law, Faculty of Law, UPJŠ in Košice, which took place on November 30 – December 1, 2017, at the UPJŠ educational and training facility in Danišovce.

This year’s symposium focused on problematic issues related to creditor rights protection in commercial contractual relationships.

The purpose of these annually organized symposia is to provide students with a platform to present their own opinions and improve their analytical and argumentation skills.

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Jana Žuľová a kol.

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Dominika Marčoková Becková (ed.)

Reviewed collection of papers of the international scientific conference is the output of the international scientific conference held on 7th October 2022 within the framework of the project APVV-18-0421 „European Public Prosecutor's Office in Connections of the Constitutional Order of the Slovak Republic as Strengthening of the European Integration through Law“.

Unlike other areas of activities of the European Union, the European Union did not begin to enter the area of criminal law and criminal policy until much later. The reason is that the sphere of criminal law has traditionally been associated with the sovereignty of the state, which is why the Member States of the European Union are very slow to allow the European Union into it. The issue of the European Union's influence on the criminal law of its Member States is therefore becoming actual and raises many questions and application problems. In their papers, the authors address the various problems posed by the European Union's influence in the area of criminal law. Among the scientific problems and issues that the authors paid attention to in their works are the following: reasons for competence of the European Union within the field of criminal law; Impact of the EU legislation on criminal law of EU Member States; proposals to improve existing legislation, whether at European Union or national level, cooperation of the Court of Justice of the European Union and national judges via preliminary proceedings within the field of criminal law; as well as the issue of the European Public Prosecutor's Office.

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Alexander Bröstl - Marta Breichová Lapčáková - Martin Štrkolec (eds.)

Zborník vedeckých prác doktorandov.

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 Erik Štenpien 

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Adrián Popovič  - Jozef Sábo

Reviewed proceedings from the student symposium organized on the occasion of IV. Slovak-Czech days of tax law.

The International Scientific Conference IV. Slovak-Czech days of tax law was held 16th - 18th June 2021 in Košice (Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice). On this occasion, a student symposium on the topic: "Current Challenges of Tax Law" was organized for students of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Faculty of Law in Košice on 15th June 2021. The focus of the symposium was chosen due to the content of the grant project APVV-19-0124 entitled "Tax law and new phenomena in the economy (digital services, shared economy, virtual currencies)", which is currently being addressed at the Department of Financial Law, Tax Law and Economy, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice. The output of this symposium is a reviewed proceeding of papers, in which students focus on examining the current challenges of tax law. In this context, students examine not only the current challenges in the field of real estate tax and the introduction of taxation based on their market value of real estate, the decision-making of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of direct taxation and indirect taxation, but also new and extremely current taxation issues of cryptoactive (virtual currency) taxation, not only in the Slovak Republic but also in the world. The authors also assess in detail the current situation in the research area, and they also present de lege ferenda proposals that could contribute to the development and improvement of several aspects of taxation, which is a benefit not only for legal science but also for application practice.

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