Právny štát, spravodlivosť a budúcnosť demokracie

Žofia Mrázová (ed.)

Zborník príspevkov z V. študentského sympózia z obchodného práva

Zborník je výsledkom študentských prác prezentovaných na piatom ročníku študentského sympózia organizovaného Katedrou obchodného práva a hospodárskeho práva, Právnickej fakulty UPJŠ v Košiciach, ktoré sa uskutočnilo v dňoch 30. novembra – 1. decembra 2017 v učebno-výcvikovom zaradení UPJŠ v Danišovciach. Téma tohtoročného sympózia bola zameraná na problematické otázky spojené s ochranou práv veriteľov v obchodných záväzkových vzťahoch. Účelom každoročne organizovaných sympózií je vytvoriť pre študentov priestor na prezentáciu vlastných názorov a zdokonaľovanie si analytických a argumentačných schopností.

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Adam Giertl - Ľubica Gregová Širicová (eds.)

Zborník príspevkov z V. študentského sympózia konaného v dňoch 21. - 22. apríla 2013

Francúzsky delegát v Komisii pre ľudské práva, diskutujúc o zaradení pojmu „médiá" do článku o slobode prejavu v návrhu Medzinárodného paktu o občianskych a politických právach, prezieravo vyzýval ostatných členov komisie k predvídavosti ohľadne informačných médií budúcnosti.1 Diskusia prebehla v roku 1950, kedy o vplyve internetu na spolo- čenské vzťahy ešte naozaj nemohli delegáti tušiť. Keďže je v dnešných dňoch už jasné, že informačné technológie významne vplývajú na právo, medzinárodné právo nevynímajúc, rozhodli sa organizátori študentského sympózia venovať jeho šiesty ročník téme „Informačná spoločnosť a medzinárodné právo".

Študenti Právnickej fakulty sa po prihlásení na sympózium najskôr venovali príprave svojho príspevku, pričom každý z účastníkov mal v prípade potreby k dispozícii konzultanta. Zoznam konzultantov popri členoch Ústavu európskeho práva, oddelenia medzinárodného práva, bol tohto roku rozšírený o odborníka na právo duševného vlastníctva, Mgr. Martina Husovca, absolventa našej Právnickej fakulty a v súčasnosti IMPRS-CI doktoranda pôsobiaceho na Inštitúte Maxa Plancka pre duševné vlastníctvo a súťažné právo. Aj touto cestou ďakujeme, že venoval svoj čas študentom a pomohol im cennou radou pri príprave ich príspevkov. Po ukončení prípravnej fázy sa konalo samotné sympózium, ktorého cieľom bolo prezentovať vypracované príspevky a rozvinúť o nich diskusiu. Prednesené príspevky svojím zameraním odrážali široké spektrum prienikov medzinárodného práva a informačnej spoločnosti.

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Ján Klučka a kol.

The aim of the current monograph is to provide comprehensive view of the status of regional judicial organs in current conditions of regionalism. Based on selected issues examined in individual chapters research team presents the comprehensive study focused on clarification of the status and significance of regional judicial organs in terms of new regionalism. Research of the role of regional courts in the system of peaceful settlement of disputes demonstrates the significant role of the regional courts within the promotion of the rule of law, regional integration and also significant role of regional courts to ensure legal certainty within the system of compliance with decisions of regional courts. The result of examination of possibilities of individuals to access to regional judicial organs is comparative evaluation of regional possibilities of individual to defend his/her rights within regional courts of various regions. Particular part of this area is the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial as basic rights within the proceedings of regional judicial organs. Within the examination of preliminary rulings of international regional courts of different regions the role of regional judicial organs in the process of effective implementation of the principle of the rule of law was the subject of examination. For the proper functioning of the regional judicial organs as well as independence of judges and legal certainty in International law, the ethical rules of international judicial organs and tribunals, which are the subject of the last chapter, are significant.

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Monika Minčičová - Marcel Dolobáč - Jana Žuľová

The presented proceedings of papers is the result of the international scientific conference "Employee in the digital environment", which was organized as part of the research project VEGA 1/0790/20 Employee protection in the context of the Industrial Revolution 5.0 - starting points, opportunities and risks. The online scientific conference took place on the 5th of November 2021 under the auspices of the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law, Faculty of Law, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice. The proceedings includes a variety of scientific papers focused on the study of current issues caused by the digital transformation of society.Authors respond to partial legal problems of labour law and social security law at the theoretical-legal and application level and reflect on the consequences of ongoing phenomena for the labour market and labour law legislation.

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Žofia Mrázová - Ján Husár - Jaroslav Dolný a kol.

The publication "Volené orgány kapitálových spoločností. Vybrané otázky" focuses on the assessment of legal aspects of the performance of corporate boards members and on solving application problems regarding relations arising between members of the board of directors and supervisory board and the company itself.

The first part of the publication deals with the basic conceptual preconditions to become members of elected corporate boards, including conditions for their appointment and removal. Among the issues addressed is also the required standard of performance of corporate boards members in relation to the concept of professional care and duty of loyalty. Remuneration of elected board members as well as the possibility of opposing the contract for performance are also analysed.

The application problems partly extend to bankruptcy law when examining the obligations of board of directors after the bankruptcy of a company, specifically in matters of the emergence of special liability of the board of directors as well as their performance even after the bankruptcy.

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Monika Minčičová - Marcel Dolobáč - Jana Žuľová (eds.)

Reviewed Proceedings of Papers of the Scientific Conference

Health determines an individual's life in all activities and interests, including the possibility and ability to work. Work and health are in the mutual interaction. Work leads to social inclusion, financial self-sufficiency, finding confirmation of one's own usefulness or achieving personal ambitions. Work can have therapeutic effects, but at the same time it can have an adverse effect on health. Overlapping factors of work environment, alone or in combination with non-work influences, can lead to illnesses that temporarily or permanently exclude an employee from his or her profession. For these reasons, health enjoys fundamental legal protection as one of the most important values, not only in labour relations. One of the auxiliary tools to ensure the protection of the health of employees in labour relations is the assessment of health capacity for work. The purpose of the assessment of health capacity is to ensure only the performance of work for which the individual has health prerequisites. The issue of assessing the medical and mental capacity of employees for work is an interdisciplinary topic in which not only legal science is represented, but also medical departments or the field of public health. Although the pandemic period extended several legal aspects of the researched area with new theses, at the same time it made impossible for experts to meet directly for a personal exchange of knowledge and to discuss the presented opinions. Despite unfavorable circumstances, the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law of the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice decided to proceed in the research of the grant project APVV-16-0002 Mental health in the workplace and assessment of health capacity of employee and to organize the electronic conference which held from 15th to 25th May 2020. The output of the international scientific conference is proceedings of scientific papers. The content of the reviewed proceedings of scientific papers declares the importance of addressing issues related to the protection of employees' health, not only from a legal point of view, but also in the context of its necessary interconnection with other scientific disciplines.

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Natália Kalinák-Andrej Oriňak

The Department of Commercial Law and Economic Law together with the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law of the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice organized the 8th annual student symposium, this time on commercial, labour and private international law, which took place at the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice on 1 December 2023. The student symposium under the title Commercial and Labour Law on a Common Wave was carried out as part of the research projects VEGA 1/0259/22 and VEGA č. 1/0291/23. The aim of the annual symposia is to create a discussion platform for students under the supervision of mentors from among the members of the department, namely teachers, researchers and PhD students. The theme of this year's symposium brought about discussion of interesting theoretical and practical legal issues thematically focused on the synergy of business law and labour law. The students addressed topical issues related to the status of entrepreneurs, the conduct of companies in labour law relations as well as the duties and responsibilities of employees. The topics of the sharing economy, gender quotas in corporate bodies and unfair bribery were not forgotten. While working on individual topics, students had the opportunity to improve their analytical thinking and argumentation skills, while they could practice writing a legal professional text, which in practice often increases the success of every lawyer. Students had the opportunity to develop their critical thinking and learn how to clearly formulate their own opinions on current legal issues. After the presentation of the papers, not only the team of lecturers and researchers, but also the students themselves engaged in a fruitful discussion, asking a number of original questions. Each student participant was awarded a certificate for their active participation in the symposium. The present proceedings are the outcome of the students' work from this event.

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Marcel Dolobáč

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Alexander Bröstl - Marta Breichová Lapčáková (eds.)

The presented Collection Volume is dedicated to three framework areas, namely justice, community and freedom. These are the thematic areas of the 30th IVR World Congress, on the occasion of which a meeting of its Slovak section was held. The published contributions focus on the main topic of the congress, which is also the central topic of legal and social sciences. Thus, in the Collection we will find reflections on the freedom of the individual in society, its various shades of meaning and forms. The question of the organization of social relations in the form of the degree of participation of citizens in state power in the context of the democratic form of government and its current challenges should not be neglected either. Thus, the institutions of direct and indirect democracy, the dangers of the lures of the so-called totalitarian democracy, or the question of identities in a postmodern pluralistic society. The question of justice in procedural law is not avoided either. The collection thus provides the reader with a wide area of research from legal-philosophical questions, through questions of the theory of the constitutional state, to their application in legal practice. Geographically, it maps the events in the Central European and wider European area with an impact on their global dimension. The publication can thus become a useful source of knowledge and current developments in jurisprudence and its main topics with the aim of a better understanding of social reality.

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Dominika Cukerová - Andrej Oriňak - Kateřina Hrabánková (eds.)

The proceedings offers contributions from the international scientific conference of doctoral students and young researchers held on 25 April 2024 at the Faculty of Law, UPJŠ in Košice, which was thematically oriented on Innovative Law and Innovations in Law. The authors of the papers confirmed that innovation in law can take many forms. The first part of the papers, which pays attention to how law can respond to innovations, is a manifestation of this. These are the papers by Jana Cihanová, Andrej Oriňák, Denisa Rudžiková and Matej Biroš, who presented the use of deepfake technology, artificial intelligence and software tools in legal practice in the context of their legal regulation. Looking at familiar things differently can also be a source of innovation. In this vein, Dominik Mizerski, Juraj Valentovič, Lucián Török and Kateřina Hrabánková presented interpretive and application innovations in the field of private law. The third part of the papers by Michaela Szittyaiová, Natália Priateľová, Filip Baláži, Elena Lazoríková and Laura Gazdagová offers a preview of the innovations that the public law section is facing today. Finally, the fourth and last group of papers specifically explains innovations against the background of criminal law regulation. These are contributions by Michal Novák, Miroslav Srholec, Vladimír Petrila and Martina Makaturová. The variety of topics covered in this proceedings shows that each area of legal regulation can be characterised by specific innovations and, in this context, by the dynamics with which they permeate legal regulation.

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Peter Huba - Jozef Sábo - Martin Štrkolec

Predkladaná monografia si za svoj cieľ kladie priblížiť problematiku medzinárodných daňových únikov ako po stránke jej pojmových východísk, tak aj z hľadiska konkrétnych metód a schém realizácie daňových únikov Členovia autorského kolektívu sa otázkami daňových únikov zaoberali taktiež vo svojich prácach Medzinárodné daňové úniky a daňové raje (JUDr. Jozef Sábo) a Právne aspekty zamedzenia dvojitého zdanenia a zabránenia daňovým únikom (JUDr. Peter Huba). Táto monografia predstavuje syntézu predmetnej výskumnej činnosti členov autorského kolektívu preĺbenú o interdisicplinárny rozmer problému daňových únikov. Zároveň poukazeje na tie nedostatky, ktoré sa javia byť z pohľadu rizika medzinárodných daňových únikov a erózie základu dane na Slovensku najzávažnejšie. V tomto smere sa predkladá komparatívny pohľad na uvedenú problematiku, ktorý vo veľkej miere čerpá zo zdrojov americkej proveniencie, čo je spôsobené najmä kvalitným a dlhodobým výskumom v oblasti medzinárodných daňových únikov v USA.

Autorský kolektív verí, že aj prostredníctvom tejto monografie sa podarí priblížiť problematiku daňových únikov na dani z príjmov právnických osôb a táto získa rovnocennú pozornosť odbornej verejnosti popri daňových podvodoch na dani z pridanej hodnoty a iných vypuklých problémoch súčasnej daňovej legislatívy.

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Ľudmila Elbert • Ľubica Gregová Širicová (eds.)

In addition to acquiring theoretical knowledge, it is necessary to study and analyze the decisions of international judicial and arbitration bodies in order to fully understand the subject of the Public International Law or disciplines closely related to it. Since the Slovak literature in the field of Public International Law does not contain any electronic textbook of selected decisions of international judicial and arbitration bodies, the authors of the submitted publication aim to eliminate this gap by elaborating the “Public International Law Casebook”, which will primarily be intended for undergraduate students of the law faculties in the Slovak republic and the Czech republic. The proposed publication seeks to make the study of international law more attractive through a publication that will make students familiar with the decisions translated into the Slovak language in a popular electronic form.

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Jana Žuľová  - Monika Minčičová - Marcel Dolobáč (eds.)

The legal regulation of occupational health and the process of assessing the health capacity is one of the manifestations of fulfilling the protective function of labour law.

Due to the importance of pursuing the interest in protecting the life and health of the individual during his working life, as well as the consequences of damage to the employee's health for further work and continuance of employment relationship, research in this area finds its irreplaceable place in legal science. Its topicality is also highlighted by the emerging risks of work and the working environment. Technological progress associated with a change in the way of performing work, as well as the pandemic situation, have opened a number of new challenges for labour law that require attention.

The presented proceedings of abstracts responds to the outlined facts. It is a group of initial motives and conclusions of lectures presented at the scientific online conference "Health at Work in the Spectrum of Theory and Practice" organized by the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law of the Faculty of Law, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice on16th April 2021. Authors point to a variety of problematic areas that are not only a reflection of academic considerations, but also of those legal issues that need to be addressed in ordinary legal practice.

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Péter Miskolczi Bodnár

This monograph examines when the state has the right to intervene in the legal relationship between contracting parties, and if it is possible, when it can act as a legislator and/or a law applier and what the nature of the intervention may be. In this study, the limits related to the rights and obligations of the parties are scrutinized. The monograph delineates the theoretical frameworks of state intervention. The author distinguishes the forms of intervention concerning future contracts and those already concluded. The study lists the circumstances grounding the mandatory norms concerning future contracts with the presentation of Roman law. In the context of state influence on the content of contracts already concluded, judicial decisions play a stronger role than legislation and government measures also appear. The monograph presents the legislative measures affecting the contracts already concluded and the reasons thereof in a differentiated way, divided into different periods. In the author's view, World War I and especially the subsequent Treaty of Trianon brought a significant change in the assessment of state intervention, and therefore, he devotes special attention to the examination of this period. The monograph provides an outline of overview of the international tendencies of the period from the peace treaty to the present day. The study presents the era of Hungarian legislation being prone to make mandatory rules and delineates the relevant provisions of the applicable Hungarian law. At the end of the monograph the reader can find the author’s evaluative comments. While acknowledging the positive aspects of state involvement, attention should also be paid to the dangers of excessive state intervention in Eastern Europe.

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Jaroslav Dolný • Monika Seilerová (eds.)

Zborník príspevkov zo VII. študentského sympózia z obchodného práva a pracovného práva konaného dňa 5. decembra 2019 na Právnickej fakulte Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach

Katedra obchodného práva a hospodárskeho práva spolu s Katedrou pracovného práva a práva sociálneho zabezpečenia Právnickej fakulty Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach zorganizovala v poradí už VII. ročník študentského sympózia z obchodného práva, ktoré sa uskutočnilo dňa 5. decembra 2019 na pôde Právnickej fakulty UPJŠ v Košiciach. Podujatie bolo súčasťou riešenia výskumného projektu APVV-16-0002 „Duševné zdravie na pracovisku a posudzovanie zdravotnej spôsobilosti zamestnanca“ a VVGS -2018-947 „Majetková základňa kapitálových obchodných spoločností v kontexte nových právnych úprav a trendov“. Cieľom každoročne organizovaných sympózií je vytvoriť diskusnú platformu pre študentov za účasti mentorov z radov členov katedry, a to učiteľov, vedecko-výskumných pracovníkov ako aj doktorandov.

Téma tohtoročného sympózia ponúkla študentom možnosť vybrať si riešenie obchodnoprávnej problematiky alebo upriamiť pozornosť na pracovnoprávne aspekty postavenia členov orgánov obchodnej spoločnosti, a to na podklade analýzy právnej úpravy a judikatúry. Tvorivé spracovanie obchodnoprávnych otázok sa vzťahovalo najmä k oblastiam spôsobu konania v mene obchodnej spoločnosti, zodpovednosti faktického štatutárneho orgánu obchodnej spoločnosti, informačným povinnostiam štatutárneho orgánu voči jej spoločníkom, ale aj odmeňovaniu za výkon funkcie člena predstavenstva akciovej spoločnosti, zodpovednosti štatutárneho orgánu za úpadok spoločnosti či uplatňovaniu zákazu konkurencie vo vzťahu ku konateľovi spoločnosti s ručením obmedzeným. Prepojenie obchodného práva a pracovného práva bolo smerované k právnej analýze ochrany osobných údajov týkajúcich sa zdravia a ich zneužívaniu zo strany členov orgánov obchodnej spoločnosti, oprávnenosti súbehu výkonu funkcie (člena) štatutárneho orgánu s pracovnoprávnym vzťahom a právnemu postaveniu vedúcich zamestnancov predovšetkým s ohľadom na ich povinnosti a zodpovednosť za starostlivosť o zdravie zamestnancov v podobe vytvárania zdravých pracovných podmienok.

Pri spracovaní jednotlivých tém študenti mali možnoť zdokonaliť svoje analytické myslenie a argumentačné schopnosti ako aj  rozvíjať svoje kritické myslenie. V rámci diskusie sa zrodili ďalšie zaujímavé pohľady a názory, ktoré viedli účastníkov sympózia k aktívnemu zapojeniu sa k príspevkom ďalších účastníkov sympózia. Predkladaný zborník je výstupom prác študentov z tohto podujatia.

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Sergej Romža, Martin Štrkolec, Bronislava Vinerová

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