Medical Ethics

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Pavol Pobeha - Ivana Paraničová - Pavol Joppa

The publication "Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis—Selected Chapters" is an anticipated study material intended for medical students at medical faculties and can also serve as supplementary literature in the framework of postgraduate education for specialist doctors. By compiling chapters and content, it builds upon the Slovak version of the publication "Selected Chapters from Pneumology and Phthisiology" (edited by Pavol Joppa), but the new publication expands pneumology with additional nosological units and issues in the context of current evidence-based medicine.

This book adds topics such as Sleep Breathing Disorders and Respiratory Failure to standard pneumology topics like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pneumonia, interstitial diseases, and tuberculosis. These topics are often mentioned only marginally in pneumological publications and within internal diseases. A significant contribution is the comprehensively processed chapter on Cor pulmonale chronicum, which connects several clinical fields including pneumology, internal medicine, and cardiology. We believe that the prepared publication will find favor among readers and will be beneficial in educating students and practitioners.

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Kvetoslava Rimárová

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Lucia Dimunová-Valéria Parová

The aim of this publication is to provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and practical foundations of management and to highlight the specific features of governance within healthcare organizations. It includes chapters on the historical development of management, major concepts, current trends, the specifics of healthcare management, and various models of healthcare delivery. Special attention is devoted to the roles and characteristics of managers, as well as to the five fundamental managerial functions—planning, decision-making, organizing, leading, and controlling. The purpose of the publication is to foster analytical and critical thinking skills in addressing problems within healthcare institutions and to contribute to improving the quality and safety of healthcare through effective management. The text incorporates numerous practical examples and review questions designed to verify knowledge and strengthen the connection between theory and practical skills. This publication is intended for nursing students and other healthcare disciplines, academic staff, and healthcare facility managers.

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Kvetoslava Rimarová a kol.

Učebnica poskytuje komplexný a interdisciplinárny pohľad na problematiku humánnej výživy v kontexte verejného zdravotníctva, hygieny výživy a prevencie ochorení. Je koncipovaná ako základný aj rozširujúci študijný materiál pre študentov zdravotníckych, biomedicínskych a verejno-zdravotníckych odborov, ako aj pre odborníkov pôsobiacich v oblasti výživy, hygieny, potravinárstva a zdravotnej politiky. Publikácia systematicky pokrýva všetky kľúčové oblasti výživy človeka – od základných zložiek potravy (bielkoviny, sacharidy, tuky, vitamíny, minerálne látky), ich biologickej a energetickej hodnoty, cez odporúčané výživové dávky a tvorbu racionálneho jedálnička, až po hodnotenie nutričného stavu populácie. Osobitná pozornosť je venovaná antioxidantom, probiotikám a funkčným potravinám, ktoré predstavujú moderný a dynamicky sa rozvíjajúci segment výživovej vedy.

Učebnica reflektuje aktuálne trendy v stravovaní vrátane alternatívnych spôsobov výživy, prerušovaného pôstu, vysokoproteínových diét a konzumácie spracovaných a ultraprocesovaných potravín, pričom ich hodnotí z hľadiska vedeckých dôkazov, zdravotných prínosov aj rizík. Dôležitou súčasťou je problematika cudzorodých látok v potravinách, potravinárskych aditív a legislatívnych rámcov ich používania, ako aj význam pitnej vody, jej kvalita, úprava a zdravotné riziká spojené s kontamináciou. Publikácia sa venuje aj špecifickým oblastiam, ako sú alimentárne nákazy, výživa v jednotlivých vývinových obdobiach detí, nemocničné stravovanie a diétne systémy.

Praktickú hodnotu učebnice zvyšuje zaradenie metodicky spracovanej praktickej časti zameranej na mikrobiologické hodnotenie pokrmov rýchleho občerstvenia, založenej na reálnych dátach regionálnych úradov verejného zdravotníctva. Text je spracovaný prehľadne, s využitím tabuliek, obrázkov a aktuálnej odbornej literatúry, čo umožňuje čitateľovi nielen osvojenie teoretických poznatkov, ale aj ich aplikáciu v praxi. Učebnica predstavuje ucelený, moderný a vedecky podložený zdroj poznatkov o výžive ako jednom zo základných determinantov zdravia populácie.

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Marek Stupák et al.

Medical Chemistry presents an overview of the most important topics of general, organic and bioinorganic chemistry for students of General and Dental Medicine study programs. Its aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the subject Medical Chemistry and for understanding processes and chemical reactions which are taking place in the human body.

Each topic directly links chemical principles to the processes in living organisms and thus can help the students to clearly see the application of the presented information. Therefore, it also provides a good starting point for further study of Medical Biochemistry, for which the knowledge of these principles is necessary.

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Gabriela Štefková - Mária Zamboriová - Mária Sováriová Soósová - Renáta Shafout

We would like to introduce the study material/textbook Nursing Care Clinical Procedures I, which was developed to cover the curriculum of Nursing Care 1 for medical students. Clinical procedures are an essential component of nursing practice. The textbook contains four main chapters. Each chapter begins with a general explanation of the topic, followed by detailed method description of procedures to help students deliver high - quality care to patients. Some chapters also include appendi xes in order to pick up some special examples from clinical practice. The textbook strongly describes bandages because a carelessly or improperly applied bandage can cause discomfort to the patient, in many cases it may expose the wound to the danger of infection. To the best of wound knowledge, these procedures reflect currently accepted clinical practice and up-to-date information. The textbook can be easily integrated into an educational programme and can be used in the laboratory as well as in clinical practice. During the preparation of this textbook the information, facts, notes, publications, books and literature presented in the references section were also used. The publication include DVD, which is concentrated on applying bandages from head to lower extremity. DVD was developed in cooperation during IRES project. The student can also find additional information to study by following references. The reading level of Nursing Care Clinical Procedures I is designed to be comprehensible to as many students as possible, including those for whom Engl ish is a second language. We hope that this textbook will be useful to all readers. The authors take no personal responsibility for applying this information to a particular clinical practice
situation.

E-book

Ahmad Gharaibeh - Marek Lacko

Authors describe the clinical and paraclinical examination methods necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic diseases in both children and adults.

The examination methods are categorized based on individual anatomical locations. A valuable chapter discusses joint aspirations, detailing their indications, techniques for performing them, and potential complications. The chapter showcasing patient documentation for students serves as a significant aid for practical exams before the state final examination in surgery.

This work appropriately complements the available educational literature required for international undergraduate students in general medicine, as well as for physicians in specialized training in orthopedics and related fields.

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 Helena Mičková a kol. 

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A.A. Ahmetova - A.A. Seidakhmetova - N.D. Kalmenov et al.

Improving the best practices in the provision of the first pre-medical care is one of the priority areas of clinical medicine in most countries of the world. Despite the success in improving the provision of medical care at the level of FPMA and emergency medical care, it is the provision of skilled care at the earliest stages of the disease or emergency conditions that determines the quality of all medical care and the future of the patient.

When rendering emergency care to the sick and injured, the time factor is very important, it prevents irreversible disturbances in the body and creates a good help for the complete cure of the patient. Textbook is designed to improve awareness of the importance of pre-medical aid to non-medical students in central Asian countries.

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Ivana Valočíková - Ivana Jochmanová a kolektív

Cieľom projektu KEGA je vydanie vysokoškolskej učebnice, ktorá sa zaoberá vyšetrovacími metódami vo vnútornom lekárstve. Vhodne zvolené vyšetrovacie metódy sú popri fyzikálnom vyšetrení a podrobnej anamnéze pilierom diagnostiky jednotlivých chorôb. Poznanie, ale najmä adekvátne používanie vyšetrovacích metód patrí k základným znalostiam každého lekára. V súčasnosti nie je na Slovensku dostupná žiadna publikácia s komplexným prehľadom vyšetrovacích metód vo vnútornom lekárstve. Tento typ učebnice by sa takto mohol stať základným zdrojom pre získanie informácií o možnostiach, výbere, použití jednotlivých vyšetrovacích metód pri jednotlivých chorobách vo vnútornom lekárstve. Publikácia bude slúžiť ako študijný materiál pre študentov v pregraduálnej forme štúdia, ale aj v rámci špecializačného štúdia. Učebnica bude praktickým pokračovaním vysokoškolskej učebnice „Interná propedeutika“, ktorá bola vydaná v rámci riešenia KEGA projektu 022UPJŠ-4/12011 v rokoch 2011 -2013. Učebnica bola vydaná v r. 2014, druhé vydanie učebnice bolo začiatkom  roku 2022.

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Zuzana Dankulincová, Daniela Husárová

In the context of the deteriorating state of adolescent mental health, it is extremely important to optimize the existing mental health care system in Slovakia. There is still little comprehensive and coherent information about the functioning of the system and the process of providing assistance within professional care, its shortcomings or suggestions for improvement. This is not possible without a deep knowledge of the perspective and experiences of adolescents with mental problems themselves. The aim of this publication is therefore to present adolescents' views on the professional assistance provided as a result of experienced mental problems within the existing care system in Slovakia.

The findings from a qualitative study that focused on the views of young people themselves are presented. The chapters of the monograph capture their views on the perception of mental health problems in society, their experiences with identifying emerging problems and seeking professional help, and their experiences with the care process itself and its forms. They also capture their overall experience with both care and care providers, as well as with leaving care and its impacts in various areas. Finally, a view is presented of possible recommendations that could improve the mental health care provided from the adolescents' perspective.

This publication is intended primarily for all professionals working with adolescents with mental health problems in all branches of care, teachers and other educational staff who are in contact with them every day at school, and last but not least, all competent policy makers who care about the mental health of adolescents and have the power to improve the care provided to them.

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 Magdaléna Hagovská 

The presented material provides a complex view on rehabilitation of patients in neurology. It is a second completely elaborated and extended edition of the original textbook –Neurology overview for physiotherapists. It contains data on etiology of neurological diseases, pathophysiology, examination in physiotherapy and the possibilities of a conservative treatment. From special treatment methods the faciooral therapy, acral coactivation therapy are described in greater details and the possibilities of diagnosis and training of cognitive functions. In annexes standardized questionnaire methods are described, which can be used in degree (final) works. A part of the publication is the Chapter on vertebrogenic syndromes which are frequently observed in neurological disorders. 

Author

E-publication

Beáta Grešš HalászMária Sováriová SoósováMartin ČervenýJana Michalková

The aim of this university textbook is to provide a systematically structured teaching text focused on research in health sciences and, at the same time, to offer a practical methodological manual for writing final theses intended for students of medical and non-medical fields of study. The first chapter introduces the topic, maps the historical development of research in medical and non-medical sciences, and explains the concept of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the context of research activities. It also highlights the importance of research for these fields and describes the individual steps, principles, and methodological procedures of scientific work. The second chapter focuses on the basic attributes of research in health sciences, with an emphasis on key definitions, basic research designs, the typology of scientific studies, and the possibilities for using the relevant methodologies. It also includes the interpretation and analytical processing of quantitative data, while the third chapter analogously elaborates on the qualitative research approach. The fourth chapter is devoted to the ethical aspects of scientific research. The fifth chapter focuses on the evaluation of research papers in terms of their quality, structure, content coherence, reliability, and validity. The final sixth chapter provides methodological guidelines for planning, implementing, and processing individual types of final theses, with the aim of offering students practical and clearly structured instructions for their preparation. The publication also includes questions, tasks, and exercises that supplement theoretical knowledge with practical examples. These cases are intended to develop students' ability to design research studies and methodologically correctly prepare final theses.

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Monika Halánová-Leonard Siegfried

Although chronic non-communicable diseases currently dominate overall morbidity and mortality in developed countries, epidemics of infectious diseases, especially those caused by new or emerging pathogens, occur more frequently and spread faster and further in new territories. The starting factors of this threat are mainly ecological and climatic changes and changes in human demography and behaviour. The growing resistance to ATB is also very serious, as a result of which there is a significant increase in the incidence of infectious diseases and their spread to new geographical locations. Current problems of epidemiology and microbiology in research and clinical practice are mainly focused on rapid detection and subsequent response to diagnosed diseases. The correct diagnosis of an infectious disease is the result of a clinical picture, knowledge of the current epidemiological situation and laboratory confirmation of the etiological agent. The identification of microorganisms allows us to establish the correct definitive diagnosis and subsequent targeted therapy, but also to start immediately with appropriate anti-epidemic measures to control the spread of the infectious agent.

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Jozef Kafka

Význam vedomia pre každého človeka ale aj pre pozná­vanie je taký rozhodujúci, že by bolo nesprávne hovoriť o ňom iba pri psychických procesoch, lebo je jadrom ľudskej individuality a práve vedomím sa človek odlišuje od ostat­ných živých tvorov.

Je potešujúce, že nová oblasť poznávania označovaná ako veda o mysli začína sa vedomím zaoberať podrobnejšie a vylučuje tvrdenia, že vedomie nejestvuje hoci zatiaľ hovorí podľa mojej mienky iba o bazálnom vedomí a jej inter­pretácie prekračujú zistené fakty.

V svojej odbornej činnosti a aj v učebniciach som rozlišoval dve cesty poznávania vedomia a  iba postupne som si uvedomil, že mám pred sebou dva úrovne vedomia. V tejto práci  rozlišujem tieto dve úrovne:

• bazálne vedomie,
• rozvinuté vedomie.

Ak bazálne vedomie vyjadruje bdenie a spánok, tiež po­zornosť a gnostické rozpoznávanie, teda  idiognózia a somatognózia, rozvinuté vedomie predpokladá reč a vytvára také prejavy, ktoré označujeme ako duševné, teda identita, sebareali­záciu, čo vyjadruje schopnosť uvedomovania si seba, okolia, spoločnosti ale aj všetkého čo sme schopní poznať.

Také chápanie je blízke výkladu fyziológa Pavlova o dvoch signálnych sústavách a chápaniu Poppera o treťom sve­te ale aj ďalšie náhľady, nikto však neurobil určitejšie závery a nedošiel k náhľadu, že naše vedomie má dvojvrstevnú podobu, dve úrovne.

Napriek rozsiahlej a takmer neprehľadnej literatúre vieme o vedomí málo, okrem toho, že je to schopnosť uvedomo­vania, teda schopnosť uvedomiť si, že jestvujem, že som, že jest­vujú aj iní ľudia, že jestvuje niečo čo označujeme ako svet ako nepredstaviteľný vesmír. Uvedomujem si, že som individua­litou jedinečnou, ale limitovanou narodením a smrťou a že mám aj zmysel svojho bytia. Toto uvedomovanie, akokoľvek spo­chybňované je pre človeka prítomné v jeho poznávaní, hoci nemáme zmysly, ktorými by sme vedeli lokalizovať jeho prí­tomnosť v mozgu, ale svojou charakteristikou s dynamikou a integráciou má však duševný charakter, odlišný od    ostatných preja­vov mozgovej činnosti.

Práca sa pokúša v deviatich kapitolách osvetliť, čo sa chápe pojmom bazálne a rozvinuté vedomie    a možno ju rozdeliť do troch okruhov:

V prvých šiestich kapitolách diela hovorí o vedomí ako o doméne bytia človeka, podáva sa preto výklad vedomia a jeho rozlíšenie, potom sa hovorí o kolobehu života a rozvoji ve­domia, kladie sa otázka vedomia u stavovcov, potom náhľady filozofické a metodológia skúmania vedomia. Nasledujú ďalšie kapitoly, ktoré analyzujú podrobnejšie dve formy, úrovne vedomia, sú to kapitoly 7-9, začínajú ana­lýzou individuality človeka, lebo to je báza vedomia aj je­ho foriem, ďalej kapitoly o bazálnom vedomí a rozvinu­tom vedomí, čo považujem za jadro predkladanej práce. Napokon sa opisujú niektoré poruchy vedomia, ktoré dokladajú realitu vedomia v podobe  jej porúch ale aj možnosti rozlí­šenia dvoch úrovní, ktoré sa dajú zistiť pri starostlivom štúdiu a pri práci s chorými.

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Jana Diabelková

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