Biológia súbor otázok na prijímacie skúšky

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Marianna Vitková

Current classification of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system according to van der Knaap and Valko from 2005 includes 97 congenital and acquired diseases that cause demyelination of the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. Most of these disorders lacks any definitive diagnostic test, so the accurate diagnosis depends on upon clinical symptoms, course of the disease, neurological findings, and the results of neuroimaging and laboratory examinations.

The aim of this textbook is to provide an accurate overview of acquired demyelinating diseases of the CNS, their etiopathogenesis, clinical picture and diagnostic options.

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Nikita Bobrova kol.

The concept of medical ethics is interpreted as both applied and professional ethics. As a bioethical discipline, it consists of three normative parts: biogenesis, biotherapy, and thanatology. From an ethical perspective, medicine is part of clinical bioethics; however, at the current stage, “evidence-based ethics” is still lacking.

In the context of standardizing health care, there is an excessive development of certain components of bioethics (such as ethical codes and the concept of patient autonomy), but also a reduction, especially of its clinical component (such as communication, thanatology, euthanasia, dysthanasia, and futile treatment). Current legislative efforts are leading to a reduction in the rights of health care workers, particularly in terms of corporate autonomy.

The fundamental task of medical ethics is the cultivation of medical professionalism, which is defined as the professional alignment of expert, ethical, and legal reasoning, and as a starting point for thinking in terms of values, with reflection on the bioethical space in clinical and professional practice.

Since society declares health as its priority, this priority should positively influence the entire health care system, and its basic idea should be a health care system based on a humanistic ethical paradigm with social and professional application.

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Miriam Kozárová

The publication "News in Diabetology and Lipidology" focuses on extremely relevant topics in diabetology and lipidology, reflecting the state of these issues in light of the recommendations from professional societies from 2019. In diabetology, it primarily addresses the intensification of antidiabetic treatment using modern drug classes—specifically, incretin enhancers and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors (gliflozins). Few medical fields have experienced such a development of new pharmacological options as diabetology has in the last two decades. While pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes (DM2) was limited to the use of biguanides, sulfonylurea derivatives, and insulin throughout the second half of the last century, recent years have introduced entirely new groups of oral antidiabetics with cardio- and nephroprotective effects. In lipidology, it pertains to the new recommendations from the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) with new treatment goals for serum lipids and lipoproteins, including the use of biological therapies.

This textbook is primarily intended for medical students in doctoral studies and doctoral candidates, as well as for physicians preparing for specialization exams in internal medicine, endocrinology, diabetology, metabolic disorders and nutrition, as well as cardiology and angiology. I believe that readers will find information in this publication that will aid them in their studies and translate into their daily clinical practice.

Author

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Silvia Farkašová Iannaccone

Forensic medicine is a fundamental medical discipline that deals with determining the cause of death in cases of violent and non-violent deaths, as well as investigating and assessing the effects of violence on the human body, including in cases involving living persons. This textbook provides a comprehensive and complex overview of the basic tasks and theoretical knowledge of forensic medicine. Its aim is to provide a theoretical basis in the form of images of morphological autopsy findings for the study of the compulsory subject Forensic Medicine and Medical Law in the study programs General Medicine and Dentistry. The author emphasizes the need to know the basics of forensic medicine in every medical field and to take a multidisciplinary approach when clarifying medical-legal issues.

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Peter Olexa

Učebné texty „Vybrané kapitoly z gerontológie a geriatrie" sú určené pre štúdium študentov medicíny na Lekárskej fakulty UPJŠ v odbore Všeobecné lekárstvo v rámci výučby klinických špecializačných blokov v odbore Interná medicína - Geriatria .

Vo svojom úvode sa učebné texty venujú demografii z pohľadu starnutia populácie, vysvetľujú základné pojmy ako gerontológia, jej rozdelenie a následne sa zaoberajú aj úlohou a poslaním klinického odboru geriatria. Následne zrozumiteľne opisujú a vysvetľujú základné piliere geriatrickej medicíny, ktorými sú komplexné geriatrické vyšetrenie, základné geriatrické syndrómy, kam patrí krehkosť, malnutrícia, sarkopénia, kognitívne poruchy, a polyfarmácia . V závere sa venujú ageizmu, ktorý je tiež dôležitým javom v dnešnej klinickej medicíne.

MUDr. Peter Olexa, PhD.

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Iveta Domoráková - Štefan Tóth - Zuzana Fagová - Kristína Čurgali - Viera Eliášová - Alexandra Kunová - Monika Holodová

The peer-reviewed textbook and microscopic atlas is aimed at understanding the basic microscopic structure of cells and tissues in a light microscope. Texts in the textbook are complemented by a rich set of histologic micrographs with basic and specific staining techniques.

All histologic micrographs were prepared by the author's team at the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, UPJŠ.

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Magdaléna Hagovská a kol. 

Vysokoškolská učebnica Praktická kinezioterapia je určená fyzioterapeutom v rámci pregraduálneho, ale aj postgraduálneho vzdelávania. Je komplexne prepracovanou, opravenou a rozšírenou publikáciou pôvodného textu skrípt Najčastejšie používané liečebné metodiky pre fyzioterapeutov (Hagovská, Mihalečková, 2012).
Fyzioterapia sa dotýka takmer všetkých základných klinických odborov. Z toho vyplýva, že fyzioterapeuti by mali ovládať základné poznatky o špeciálnych metódach, ktoré sa zaoberajú fyzioterapiou vertebrologických a neurologických pacientov, pacientov s ortopedickým ochorením, s gynekologickými a urologickými problémami, a pacientov s psychosomatickou diagnózou. Väčšina popísaných najznámejších 44 liečebných metód obsahuje obrázkovú prílohu, na základe ktorej študenti dokážu lepšie pochopiť uvádzané techniky a predísť chybnému vykonávaniu jednotlivých techník.

Autori

 Magdaléna Hagovská 

The presented material provides a complex view on rehabilitation of patients in neurology. It is a second completely elaborated and extended edition of the original textbook –Neurology overview for physiotherapists. It contains data on etiology of neurological diseases, pathophysiology, examination in physiotherapy and the possibilities of a conservative treatment. From special treatment methods the faciooral therapy, acral coactivation therapy are described in greater details and the possibilities of diagnosis and training of cognitive functions. In annexes standardized questionnaire methods are described, which can be used in degree (final) works. A part of the publication is the Chapter on vertebrogenic syndromes which are frequently observed in neurological disorders. 

Author

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Magdaléna Hagovská - Alena Buková - Ľubomír Lachváč

Overweight as a risk factor for the development of civilization diseases and urogenital dysfunctions

Overweight and obesity represent a significant risk factor for the development of several diseases of civilisation, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and various forms of cancer. They also contribute significantly to urogenital dysfunctions such as urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and pelvic organ prolapse. Mechanisms that link excess weight to these dysfunctions include increased intra-abdominal pressure, hormonal changes, and chronic inflammatory processes that negatively affect the structure and function of the urogenital system. Prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity are therefore crucial not only in terms of reducing the risk of civilization diseases, but also in improving the quality of life through the prevention and treatment of urogenital dysfunctions.

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Eva Slabá - Jozef Židzik a kolektív

Vysokoškolská učebnica „Lekárska biológia a genetika“ poskytuje v zrozumiteľnej podobe teoretické základy bunkovej biológie, molekulovej biológie a genetiky. Obsahuje najnovšie poznatky z relevantných odborov doplnené názornými obrázkami, tabuľkami a grafmi. Prehľadne členené kapitoly zoznámia študentov s problematikou bunkovej biológie, procesov molekulovej biológie a zákonitosťami genetiky. Vysokoškolská učebnica je určená predovšetkým pre slovenských študentov I. ročníka lekárskych fakúlt. Jej obsah je podkladom pre úspešné zvládnutie obsahovej náplne predmetu biológia. Učebnica je vhodná aj ako hlavný zdroj informácií pre študentov prírodovedeckých fakúlt. Okrem základných údajov obsahujú niektoré kapitoly aj doplňujúce informácie pre lepšie pochopenie jednotlivých tematických okruhov. Tieto podrobnejšie údaje sú odlíšené veľkosťou písma a nie sú nevyhnutné pre zvládnutie skúšky z biológie. Príslušné informácie však môžu využiť i študenti vyšších ročníkov lekárskych fakúlt či študenti postgraduálneho štúdia.

E-book

Kvetoslava Rimárová

This manual is published as an auxiliary methodological script for students of bachelor and master courses of medical faculties - especially bachelor and master courses of ‘Public Health’.

Students of general medicine and dentistry can also use these teaching texts as an educational aid when studying the subject “Hygiene”, which is taught either on its own or as part of broader subjects, e.g. “Public Health”. 

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Mária Rašiová

Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Academic textbook: Selected Chapters from Angiology is devoted to the most common vascular diseases that the angiologist encounters on a daily basis.

Dilated artery diseases (abdominal aortic aneurysm), as well as stenotizing diseases of peripheral arteries, are described. Diseases such as deep vein thrombosis, thrombophlebitis and chronic venous insufficiency are discussed in the venous vascular system section. I also deal with the most common lymphatic vascular system disease ˗ lymphoedema.

In the individual chapters the risk factors of the diseases, symptoms and signs, diagnostics, treatment modalities (pharmacological therapy, endovascular therapy, angiosurgical therapy) and possible complications of the therapy are briefly analyzed.

My priority was to present the information in a logical, interesting and comprehensible form for students and for common clinical practice.

Author

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Libuša Tirpáková a kol. 

Primary care is the first level of the health system where people come with their health problems and where the health promotion and preventive care treatments and needs of the majority of the population are implemented.

The university textbook, which is organized in nine chapters, offers an overview of general outpatient health care from a nursing perspective. It characterizes the nursing process in ambulatory health care and models of nursing care. It addresses the implementation of advanced practice nursing in ambulatory health care and the role of the nurse in prevention and health promotion.

The textbook is intended for nursing students in both undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as those interested in other health professions.

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Jana Mašlanková

Colorectal carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the digestive system, and its rising incidence in Slovakia—particularly among the male population—is alarming. Although significant progress has been made in the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, therapeutic options remain limited, necessitating the discovery of additional markers to serve as prognostic predictors.

This monograph aims to draw the attention of the professional community to the critical role and significance of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the initiation, progression, and treatment of colorectal carcinoma. A substantial portion of the text focuses on lesser-known emerging trends and ongoing clinical trials for colorectal cancer patients.

The monograph aspires to provide a balanced resource that serves as an engaging informational tool not only for specialist physicians but also for medical faculty students. By integrating novel insights and clinical data, it seeks to bridge gaps in current understanding and highlight potential avenues for future research and therapy.

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Gabriela Štefková - Mária Zamboriová - Mária Sováriová Soósová - Renáta Shafout

We would like to introduce the study material/textbook Nursing Care Clinical Procedures I, which was developed to cover the curriculum of Nursing Care 1 for medical students. Clinical procedures are an essential component of nursing practice. The textbook contains four main chapters. Each chapter begins with a general explanation of the topic, followed by detailed method description of procedures to help students deliver high - quality care to patients. Some chapters also include appendi xes in order to pick up some special examples from clinical practice. The textbook strongly describes bandages because a carelessly or improperly applied bandage can cause discomfort to the patient, in many cases it may expose the wound to the danger of infection. To the best of wound knowledge, these procedures reflect currently accepted clinical practice and up-to-date information. The textbook can be easily integrated into an educational programme and can be used in the laboratory as well as in clinical practice. During the preparation of this textbook the information, facts, notes, publications, books and literature presented in the references section were also used. The publication include DVD, which is concentrated on applying bandages from head to lower extremity. DVD was developed in cooperation during IRES project. The student can also find additional information to study by following references. The reading level of Nursing Care Clinical Procedures I is designed to be comprehensible to as many students as possible, including those for whom Engl ish is a second language. We hope that this textbook will be useful to all readers. The authors take no personal responsibility for applying this information to a particular clinical practice
situation.