English Syntax in a Nutshell.A frame-to-chain approach.

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Vladimír Lichner - Dušan Šlosár

Issues of punishment are directly linked to a state’s criminal policy, which is an inseparable part of its social policy. Historically, the state has held a unique dominant position in the realm of punishment. Once the conditions for imposing a penalty are met, the state fulfills its obligation by sentencing through independent courts. However, it does not address questions of satisfaction, which belong to the victim. The victim may be a specific physical person or legal entity that suffered harm due to the criminal act. This harm simultaneously affects civil society as a whole. The state prioritizes its duty to punish and decide on the matter over compensating the harmed individual or civil society.

By mediation in criminal cases, we mean extrajudicial facilitation of resolving disputes between the offender and the harmed party, with the assistance and personal participation of a mediator. The mediator, as an independent and impartial person, helps parties identify their interests and supports them in finding shared, practical, and realistic solutions to the points causing their conflict. Probation refers to monitoring, supervising the accused, defendant, or convicted individual, as well as providing individual assistance to the offender and encouraging them to lead a lawful life. This reduces the risk of recidivism, or repeated criminal behavior.

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Lukáš Šutor

Vedecká monografia Kozmológia čarodejných príbehov (ľudová rozprávka medzi kultúrou a umením) je pôvodnou prácou syntetizujúcou výskum o kozmologických štruktúrach archaických epických žánrov v interdisciplinárnom dialógu medzi literárnou vedou a kultúrnou antropológiou. Výskumne sa sústredíme najmä na ľudovú čarodejnú rozprávku, ktorá sa vždy dotýka základnej ontologickej problematiky, vytvára modelový a poetizovaný obraz sveta; predstavuje neteistickú formu hrdinskej kozmológie, ukotvenú v gnómickom časopriestorovom rámci. Pri jej výskume kombinujeme synchrónnu systémovú interpretáciu semiotických rovín s diachrónnou analýzou vývoja kultúr. Z nášho výskumu vyplýva, že základné konflikty medzi symbolickými formami čarodejných príbehov, tak ako ich poznáme z folklórneho prostredia, vykryštalizovali v epoche šírenia sa prvých historických národov ako dôsledok konfrontácie odlišných kultúrnych komplexov.

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Silvia Kontírová a kol.

Pedagogical practice is an organizational form of higher education training for prospective teachers, implemented through mandatory pedagogical practice subjects.

These subjects have an integrative and practical-training character, building upon the theoretical and practical instruction provided to students at the faculty. They are conducted within the scope defined by curricula in the conditions of specialized workplaces (training schools) and under the supervision of qualified professionals (training teachers). Unlike other higher education subjects, pedagogical practice primarily provides students with opportunities for independent creative teaching in real school environments.

The practical activities of students in training schools are characterized as supervised, monitored, and evaluated by designated entities.

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E-kniha

Renáta Orosová Michal Novocký Zuzana Vagaská

This publication provides a summary of knowledge about microteaching as a simulation strategy in the context of university teacher education. Readers will find theoretical foundations of simulation techniques, definitions and objectives of microteaching, the role of analysis as a tool for reflection, possibilities for implementation in both face-to-face and distance learning formats, and numerous examples of best practices. We believe that this text contributes to a deeper understanding of the importance of microteaching, a simulation strategy that systematically develops pedagogical skills and helps shape the professional competencies of future teachers.

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Kristína Bosáková

Attempting to confront Gadamer's teachings not only with the giants of Greek philosophy but also with Hegel and Heidegger is no easy task. However, Gadamer's entire historical-philosophical work is most prominently associated with these ancient thinkers and the two geniuses of German philosophical thought. Therefore, there is no avoiding it. Without this confrontation, all my efforts would be, in a certain sense, futile. Whether and how I succeed is another question. Every reader will surely form their own judgment.

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E-journal

Renáta Orosová (výkonný redaktor)

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The scientific-professional journal Edukácia focuses on issues of education and upbringing in the fields of primary, secondary, and higher education.

It emphasizes the current state and perspectives of educational practice, contemporary aspects of pre-service teacher training, social pedagogy, special pedagogy, as well as pedagogical and psychological aspects of upbringing in basic educational institutions from the perspective of the broader educational community.

It is intended for researchers, young university lecturers, doctoral students, and professional and pedagogical staff, with the aim of presenting trends in education and stimulating discussion on current issues in the presented areas of upbringing and education.

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Ulrika Strömplová

The publication Deutsch (nicht nur) für Politologen addresses selected contemporary topics that can be effectively employed in the teaching of German as a foreign language and specialised German for students of political science, international relations, European public administration, and law.

The publication is designed as a teaching and study resource in the form of course materials that complement formal instruction. It offers a thematically structured core vocabulary, a systematic and clearly organised presentation of key thematic areas and problem domains, and a wide range of task types aimed not only at the acquisition of subject-specific knowledge but also at the development of professional and linguistic competences. Each thematic chapter is structured into three logically interconnected sections and is further supplemented by appendices containing additional materials, including games, case studies, and other practice-oriented tasks.

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Ingrid Madárová -Lívia Barnišinová - Veronika Pálová

Táto príručka priamo prispieva k budovaniu inkluzívneho akademického prostredia, kde sa zahraniční študenti cítia vítaní a pochopení. Zároveň podporuje vzdelávacie a profesionálne zručnosti zamestnancov v oblasti interkultúrnej komunikácie, čo v konečnom dôsledku vedie k zvýšeniu kvality služieb poskytovaných univerzitou a k zlepšeniu medzinárodnej spolupráce.

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E-publication

Štefan Jusko

This monograph aims at following the study of P. S. Loeb in which he presented a significant turning point in the issue of the interpretation of Nietzsche's idea of the eternal return of the same. What was that reversal? Despite prominent scholars of Nietzsche's philosophy of the 20th century who rejected the idea of eternal return because of its logical incoherence, Loeb eruditely proved the temporal identity of eternal return of the same, thus verifying the logical connection of the idea concerned.

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E-bool

Peter Fedorčák

When studying the Renaissance, researchers utilize various critical and core terms and concepts which it is necessary to characterize.

However, many such points, notably the following, are problematic: The relationship between the Renaissance and the antiquity; The connection with the Middle Ages; The transformation to Mannerism and Baroque; Realism and Secularism in Renaissance art; The individualism of the Renaissance artist; The reasons for the creation of Renaissance art in Italy, its determinants and stimulators; Distinguishing between the analysis of the genesis of the Renaissance and the analysis of the creation of the period’s art generally; Regional differences in Italy and their impact on the art; Chronological limits of the Renaissance and its milestones; The terms “Medieval Ages” and “Early Modern Period”; The impact, and its extent, of the artistic influences of the Byzantine, Gothic and Romanesque arts on the Renaissance. The term “Renaissance” itself, its content and existence, are also the subject of the discussion with students, alongside learning how such terms and definitions came about and continue to evolve, how they attain their content, how this content morphs in the historical discourse, what academical pluralism and freedom of thinking look like in the discourse led by historians, what the differences are between scientists and schools of thought on the same subject and how it is possible that they are so numerous.

The students will come to recognize the leading scholars in the field, and follow their arguments and methodological approaches. They shall be invited to closely trace and scrutinize the logic which those historians use in building their argumentation. It shall be seen that the freedom to create terms, concepts and new definitions cannot stand on an ignorance of the (historical) facts, as becomes clear with expanding knowledge of those historical facts, the variability of their interpretation growing in tandem. This approach, actually used across the whole range of seminars and lectures, shall drive discussion on the topics covered, students being invited to formulate their own theses and antitheses.

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Beáta Jurečková 

Slovak for Dentists is a textbook intended for international dental students preparing to communicate professionally in Slovak in a real dental environment. The second, expanded and revised edition is the result of several years of practical use and feedback from students. In terms of content and structure, the textbook focuses on developing all language skills, with particular emphasis on understanding spoken language and oral communication in dentist–patient interactions. The textbook contains 14 lessons, including two review test lessons, as well as a Slovak–English dictionary, an answer key, and six appendices. Compared to the first edition, this version includes updated dialogues in audio format, new texts, revised exercises, and a redesigned layout. The vocabulary is specifically focused on the field of dentistry and the most frequent communication situations in a dental office. The textbook reflects different levels of students’ Slovak language proficiency and also offers additional texts for more advanced learners. The lessons include grammar boxes with practical explanations for learners of Slovak as a foreign language. The publication is primarily intended for classroom use but also allows for effective self-study. The aim of the textbook is to support students in mastering practical communication in a dental clinic

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Lukáš Šutor(ed.)

Deviate číslo Doktorandských miscelaneí predstavuje reprezenta-tívny výber štyroch študijných programov Filozofickej fakulty UPJŠ v Košiciach. V porovnaní s minulými číslami chýbajú v aktuálnom zväzku tradične zastúpené odbory filozofie a sociálnej práce. Naopak, pribudli príspevky z histórie a politológie . Menší počet príspevkov v tohtoročnom zväzku Doktorandských miscelaneí vyvažuje rôznorodosť uvažovania mladých vedcov nad aktuálnymi témami. Zastúpenie štyroch humanitných a spoločen-skovedných študijných programov, no predovšetkým individuálne tvorivé výkony doktorandov našej fakulty sú vo svojej pestrosti i invencii inšpirujúce nielen pre najmladšiu generáciu bádateľov, ale aj pre širšie akademické prostredie.

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Margita Mesárošová - Miroslava Köverová - Soňa Lovašová

Intervention Program for Supporting Self-Care in Helping Professions: "How Do I Take Care of Myself?" The intervention program "How Do I Take Care of Myself?" was developed as part of the research project APVV14-0921, "Self-Care as a Factor in Coping with the Negative Consequences of Engaging in Helping Professions." Its uniqueness lies in being created based on specific research outputs from the program's authors and project.

In the first chapter, the authors offer insights into the preparation of the intervention program, justifying its theoretical foundations, methods, and specifics of the program participants. They also provide an overview of research on the effectiveness of various intervention programs aimed at reducing the negative consequences of helping and enhancing self-care and other positive effects of engaging in helping professions. Subsequent chapters focus on a detailed analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention program "How Do I Take Care of Myself?" and its comparison with the effectiveness of other programs, which were differently focused, targeted at different populations of helping professionals, and had different theoretical and practical orientations and foundations. Most of these studies demonstrated positive changes only in isolated cases, due to various methodological shortcomings often related to practical application.

What differentiates the intervention program presented in this monograph is the participation of helping professionals actively practicing in the social field, unlike most intervention programs compiled and validated for students of these professions. The student population, being more accessible to researchers, allows for better methodology, including a larger number of participants, as well as experimental manipulation and group balancing. In the case of participants in the validation of the program "How Do I Take Care of Myself?", it involved practitioners who are engaged in the daily work process and completed training during their work breaks, which placed high demands on balancing their work and personal tasks. We believe that the effects we discovered during the validation of the effectiveness of the presented intervention program were not always clearly mathematically graspable but were evident from individual feedback.

We present the text of this monograph to the professional public with the aim of highlighting the benefits, limitations of the intervention program, as well as inspiring researchers and practitioners to further work in this area.

Authors

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Ľubov Vladyková - Marián Bednár a kol.

The university textbook Ethics of Science and Technique (Selected Problems) is a collection of contributions by various authors who deal with selected problems and areas of science and technique. For the last hundred years, we can observe the rapid development of science and technique (technology). The transition of society in the 20th century into the information age and in the current 21st century into the digital age brings radical challenges and changes in all areas of human life, but especially in the moral field.

Ethical discussions, responding to the development of science and technique (technology), have stimulated the emergence of ethics of science and technique, which as a subdiscipline of applied ethics is a way out of the conflict between professional autonomy, social control and self-regulation of action and behaviour; not only in science and technique, but also in economy and politics. In the digital age, technique, technology and science are fundamentally changing our lives; from the way we work to the way we communicate, how we fight local and global problems, and how we try to solve societal problems.

These radical changes are not without controversy, and many provoke intense debates that are often polarized or associated with scientific ambiguities or dishonest demagoguery and ideology.

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Maroš Melichárek

Prvá kapitola monografie nesie názov Veľká východná kríza v rokoch 1875-1878 – súperenie veľmocí na Balkáne. Veľká východná kríza, ktorá vyvrcholia rusko-osmanským konfliktom a následným Berlínskym kongresom dala do pohybu mnoho procesov. Dôležitosť Berlínskeho kongresu a jeho fungovanie je v práci vykreslené z pohľadu jedného zúčastneného balkánskeho štátu a to Srbska. Kapitoly 2 až 5 zhŕňajú medzinárodný kontext a vnútorné predpoklady vytvorenia moderného bulharského a čiernohorského štátu, rovnako i detailný popis emancipácie Macedóncov a Albáncov (Albánske národné hnutie a vytvorenie nezávislého Albánska v roku 1912, Macedónska otázka na konci novoveku a možnosti jej riešenia zo strany veľmocí). Kapitola Konflikt Osmanskej ríše a Talianska o Lýbiu v rokoch  1911-1912 je popisuje vojenský stret medzi veľmocami s globálnymi následkami, ktoré de facto znamenali i pád Osmanskej ríše na európskom kontinente.Kapitola Definitívny pád Osmanskej ríše na európskom kontinente: prvá a druhá balkánska vojna predstavuje chronologický záver monografie a prináša pohľad na najdôležitejšie udalosti balkánskych vojen, armády i fenomény, ktoré doteraz boli v rámci tejto otázky vnímané iba okrajovo (etnické čistky, mobilizácia, propaganda a i.).  Záver práce a kapitola Zahraničná politika Srbska a problematika Bosny a Hercegoviny pred vypuknutím 1. svetovej vojny sa zameriava na hodnotenie srbských ašpirácií (či už ideologických alebo reálnych) smerom k priestoru Bosny a Hercegoviny.

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Eva Žiaková - Lucia Tóthová et al.

The scientific monograph was developed within the framework of the grant project Vega 1/0230/15 entitled "Social and Personality Characteristics of Oncological Ill Men and Women as one of the most important factors of sociotherapy with this group of men and women clients", with the aim of finding some common personal characteristics oncological men and women patients, to focus on choosing their coping strategies that can be significant in terms of oncological disease as well as suggesting ways and means of using the basic methods of sociotherapy as one of the most important methods of social work in working with this group of men and women clients, from the knowledge of their personal and social characteristics.

It is also a starting point for other necessary steps, namely to link the results of research to prax the themselves oncologists to hospitals, their outpatient clinics and patients as well as to support the merit of developing the sociooncology, a specific science discipline.

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