Edukácia, roč. 4, č. 2/2021

Tatiana Žiaková • Dušan Šlosár

The last decade marks not only the average life expectancy increase in healthy population, but also life expectancy increase in group of people with intellectual disorders/disabilities. Due to their diagnosis that defines and classifies them into specific categories, people with intellectual disability are finding themselves in a constant confrontation with obstacles negatively affecting the saturation of their existential needs. It creates mostly educational, social, cultural, psycho-social and economical disadvantage in the context of their lives. Consequently, their active potential is weakened, making it unable for them to influence public affairs in society from a position of an adult or elderly citizen. Building up on this condition, the focus of this monograph is on understanding and explanation of prevailing concept of social inclusion and related concepts of social exclusion. These concepts influence the way we tend to define and think about the character of society, as such.

Simultaneously, we are examining that the quality of coexistence between dominant population and people with intellectual disabilities is dependent on the development of attitudes and opinions of major population towards this specific minority. These attitudes reflect the extent of social tolerance and at the same time serve as a quantification of moral values and equity in the society, whether it concerns any type of small everyday help or professional and institutionalised long-term support.

This monograph focuses on presenting professional care for people with mental disability in form of social services as a dominant type of support in our local environment. We show that the quality of social services inevitably depends on degree of professional competences social workers possess. The significance of professional competences social workers are capable of using is reflected in the degree of the competence and adequacy of their performance. The primary aim, in relation to which professional competences should be accustomed, is to enhance meaningfulness and dignity in life of mentally disabled receivers of the social services.

Competences of social workers are a dynamic phenomenon that modifies along the development of society and also with the frequently altering needs of people with intellectual disability as receivers of the social service. For this reason we designed the presented research to reflect our goal to reappraise the scope of professional competences and define the required professional functions of social workers working with people with intellectual disability. This monograph is dedicated not only to professionals working with this group of people but also aims at answering basic questions to practical issues that families with a intellectualy disabled member are coming into contact with.

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Renáta Orosová - Zuzana Boberová

Vysokoškolská učebnica Pregraduálna príprava učiteľov – Organizácia pedagogickej praxe na UPJŠ reflektuje zmeny, ktoré nastali v pregraduálnej príprave študentov učiteľstva akademických predmetov v súvislosti s komplexnou akreditáciou v roku 2015. Je určená pre študentov II. stupňa vysokoškolského štúdia v študijných programoch Učiteľstva akademických predmetov na Filozofickej fakulte a Prírodovedeckej fakulte UPJŠ v Košiciach. Cieľom vysokoškolskej učebnice je poskytnúť teoretické východiská a metodické usmernenia k organizácii všetkých typov pedagogickej praxe realizovanej v podmienkach UPJŠ.

Príprava na učiteľskú profesiu má teoretický a praktický charakter. Kým teoretická akademická príprava je zameraná na získavanie a rozvoj vedomostí, zručností a spôsobilostí v oblasti pedagogiky, psychológie a vo vedných odboroch vyučovacích predmetov, tak praktická profesijná príprava je orientovaná na prípravu na výkon samotného povolania, teda didaktický charakter vyučovacieho procesu. Značná časť praktickej prípravy na učiteľskú profesiu je realizovateľná v rámci predmetu pedagogická prax, ktorý má v podmienkach UPJŠ štyri podoby/stupne – Hospitačná náčuvová pedagogicko-psychologická prax, Výstupová priebežná prax, Výstupová súvislá prax I a Výstupová súvislá prax II.

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Ján Kahan • Eva Žiaková

The monograph focuses on the issue of loneliness among substance-addicted people in the context of abstinence prospects and re/lapse prevention. In the monograph these phenomena, several theories were integrated and applied in the context of the ecosystem meta-framework of social work and practical contexts. The ecosystem meta-theory serves as a meta-construct with the ability to encompass the complexity of social phenomena as well as that of human beings within the structure of their living and social environment, formal and informal networks, and close intimate relationships. In this monograph are presented research sample consisted of 235 respondents – hospitalised addicts undergoing urgent treatment, abstaining A-club members as well as members of psychotherapy and self-help groups. The research showed that abstainers were statistically less lonely than the hospitalised respondents. Quantitative data of research are complemented by qualitative data collected in four case studies; two of them focused on two long-term abstainers from alcohol and drugs, while the other two case studies dealt with two respondents in post-hoc treatment undergoing the resocialization process. The research also showed that respondents who broke abstinence felt lonelier than their successfully abstaining counterparts. The results were supported also by the fact that a statistically significant inversely proportional relationship was identified between the duration of abstinence and loneliness rate. Gender differences were found between the hospitalised addicts in all loneliness dimensions. Naturally, the combined research was limited in certain aspects, mainly in terms of the size and proportional distribution of the research sample and its subgroups, test battery extent, and general nature of the population studied. Triangulation among quantitative and qualitative with the theoretical starting points confirmed the existence of a relationship among loneliness, addiction, and prospect of abstinence.

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Vladimír Lichner • Dušan Šlosár a kol.

It is very difficult to refer to any act of extremism or action having extremist characteristics, or to exclude it unambiguously. The boundary between extremism and accepted, conformal behavior is very broad and vaguely worded. Each company tends to set certain criteria to determine what can be considered as unwanted, violent, radical or extreme, or what signs of such a manifestation do not have. Therefore, when comparing the individual countries of the European Union in this area, we come across a different definition of what is or is not considered to be radical or extremist. In essence, the level of tolerance to some of the manifestations and the setting of indicators for the evaluation of the proceedings as extremist.

The presented monograph aims to present the basic social contexts of extremism and radicalization in the form of their philosophical and theoretical backgrounds, influencing the factors, the basic directions. In the author's work, the authors focus on the target group of adolescents, which they consider to be one of the most endangered groups in society in terms of development of the radicalization process. At the conclusion of the monograph is also offered the criminal level of these phenomena, which is not unavoidable in terms of complex analysis.

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Františka Petriková,Vladimír Lichner, Eva Žiaková

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Gabriel Eštok • Gabriela Szabariová • Matúš Béreš (eds.)

Presented publication is an outcome from the scientific conference for students and young scientists that took place on 12th and 13th May 2016 at the Department of Political science, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice. The main aim of the presented is to bring up outcomes of research of young scientists and students from Slovakia, as well as from abroad. Many of the presented papers have become integral part of qualification theses of their authors.

This conference proceedings contains 22 papers in Slovak, Czech and English language thematically creating four different parts. Papers regarding international relations or issues exceeding a level of state power are dealing with issues of globalization, counterculture, international terrorism, extremism and a role of the EU in the Arctic. Papers dealing with the situation in the Slovak republic and abroad cover reform of security in Slovakia and in Romania, issue of dealing with totalitarian history of the states of the Visegrad group as well as development of funding of education system in Slovakia since 1919. In case of authors focusing on the socio-political situation in Slovakia we can find papers analyzing role of a reeve in city of Košice, first great political conflict during a rule of Vladimír Mečiar in Slovakia, role of Roma population in political environment in Slovakia, but also those concerning local activist or action groups and examining attitude of nursing care students towards euthanasia. The conference proceedings contents also four papers regarding theoretical or philosophical issues. Their authors focused on topic of social state, social equality, democratic theories and transformation of human nature in “post-human” era.

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Ján Juščák - Renáta Orosová - Zuzana Nováková

Zborník abstraktov z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie 5. - 6. február 2014

Conference proceedings of abstracts is one of the outputs of the international scientific conference entitled Education 2014: Contexts of education in the current perspective held 5 to 6 Feb 2014 at University of Pavol Jozef Šafárika in Kosice. This conference focused on the issues of education and emphasizes the current state and prospects of educational practice, topical aspects of undergraduate teacher training, health psychology in educational practice, as well as pedagogical and psychological aspects of education in primary educational institutions in view of the broad educational community. It was aimed for scientists, young university teachers, PhD students as well as experts and teachers, to present trends in education and to stimulate discussion on topical issues presented in the field of education.

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Margita Mesárošová, Miroslava Köverová, Soňa Lovašová

Intervenčný program na podporu starostlivosti o seba pre pomáhajúce profesie s názvom Ako sa o seba starám? vznikol v rámci riešenia výskumnej úlohy APVV14-0921 „Starostlivosť o seba ako faktor vyrovnávania sa s negatívnymi dôsledkami vykonávania pomáhajúcich profesií“. Jeho špecifikum spočíva v tom, že bol vytvorený na základe konkrétnych výskumných výstupov samotných autorov programu a projektu. V prvej kapitole autorky ponúkajú pohľad na prípravu intervenčného programu so zdôvodnením teoretických východísk, metód a špecifík účastníkov programu. Poskytujú tiež prehľad výskumov efektivity rozmanitých intervenčných programov zacielených na redukciu negatívnych dôsledkov pomáhania a posilňovanie starostlivosti o seba a iných pozitívnych efektov vykonávania pomáhajúcej profesie. Ďalšie kapitoly sú zamerané na podrobnú analýzu a zhodnotenie efektivity intervenčného programu Ako sa o seba starám? a jeho komparáciu s efektivitou iných programov, ktoré boli rôzne zamerané, určené rôznym populáciám pomáhajúcich profesionálov, ako aj mali odlišné teoretické a praktické zacielenie a základy. Väčšina týchto výskumov preukázala iba v ojedinelých prípadoch pozitívne zmeny, a to vďaka rôznym metodologickým nedostatkom, často spojených s praktickou aplikáciou.

To, čo diferencuje intervenčný program prezentovaný v tejto monografii, je účasť pomáhajúcich profesionálov aktívne vykonávajúcich prax v sociálnej oblasti, oproti väčšine intervenčných programov zostavených a overovaných pre študentov týchto profesií. Študentská populácia, ako ľahšie prístupná pre výskumníkov, umožňuje kvalitnejšiu metodológiu, zahrnúť väčší počet účastníkov, ako aj experimentálnu manipuláciu a vyváženie skupín. V prípade účastníkov overovania programu Ako sa o seba starám? išlo o praktikov, ktorí sú zapojení v každodennom pracovnom procese a tréning absolvovali vo svojom pracovnom voľne, čo kládlo vysoké nároky na zladenie ich pracovných, osobných úloh. Domnievame sa, že tie dôsledky, ktoré sme v rámci overovania efektivity prezentovaného intervenčného programu odhalili, nie vždy boli jasne matematicky uchopiteľné, ale boli zrejmé z individuálnych spätných väzieb.

Predkladáme text tejto monografie odbornej verejnosti, s cieľom poukázať na prínosy, limity intervenčného programu, ako aj inšpirovať výskumníkov a praktikov k ďalšej práci v tejto oblasti.

Autorky

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Renáta Orosová - Michal Novocký - Katarína Petríková

An integral part of the process of becoming a teacher is the mentoring of student teachers by mentor teachers, serving as guidance and support for future teachers. Developing mentoring skills and fostering reflective mentoring practices are means of enhancing the practical training of student teachers, their professional development, and improving the quality of their future educational practice. The foundation of the mentoring relationship between the mentor teacher as a mentor and the student teacher as a mentee is not to evaluate the student, but to analyse their learning and teaching and contemplate ways to enhance these processes. The university textbook represents a creative textual tool focused on innovations in strategies for supporting the development of mentoring abilities in mentors and mentees during professional practical training. This university textbook, intended for student teachers in the role of mentees and mentor teachers in the role of mentors, systematizes the theoretical foundations of mentoring, provides guidance and directives for mentoring in professional practical training. Furthermore, it offers the university teacher, in the role of supervising the student's teaching practice, an overview of techniques and methods pertaining to the mentoring relationship between mentor and mentee. It is applicable as a university textbook for student teachers, students pursuing supplementary pedagogical studies or advanced studies, as well as for mentor teachers in primary and secondary schools, and university educators involved in professional practical training. Its English version provides opportunities for utilization during study stays of student teachers abroad and for foreign students in Slovakia.

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René Šebeňa

The main goal of this textbook is to introduce selected experimental methods that have been developed to study various psychological processes.

Traditional textbooks on cognitive psychology usually offer a comprehensive system of theoretical knowledge and descriptions of experiments. However, we believe that for a deeper understanding, students need to have their own experience.

This textbook provides instructions on how to demonstrate, visually verify, and thereby better understand selected theories and phenomena through practical exercises. Such direct experience can help in the realization of their own projects.

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Róbert Stojka

Cieľom predkladanej monografie je predovšetkým čo najkomplexnejšie predstaviť Patočkov koncept filozofie dejín, aj keď si uvedomujem, že to vôbec nie je ľahká úlo-ha, nielen preto, ako už bolo spomenuté, že v súčasnosti neexistuje rozsiahlejšia a vyčerpávajúca práca k tejto téme. Existuje síce pomerne veľké množstvo štúdií , venovaných Patočkovmu konceptu filozofie dejín, žiadna z nich však neskúma tento koncept komplexným pohľadom, ako určitý celok – zväčša sú zamerané na niektoré parciálne problémy (a nie je ich málo), vyplývajúce z tohto konceptu. Aj tento fakt, mimochodom, je pre mňa samého dôkazom toho, že ide jednoznačne o veľmi náročnú tému.

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Martin Škára

Filozofia je vo svojich dejinách popretkávaná niekoľkými princípmi, ktoré vnášajú do tohto druhu myslenia svetlo a poriadok, nech už ide o systémovú alebo nesystémovú podobu filozofovania. Každý z princípov predstavuje svojím spôsobom počiatok (ἀρχή) akéhokoľvek deduktívneho usudzovania, no nie všetky filozofické výpovede a koncepcie sú povinné postupovať rovnako, pretože nie všetky filozofické výpovede a koncepcie sú kalkulom. Vlastne, takáto podoba racionalistického filozofovania je v dejinách filozofie skutočne menšinová. No aj napriek svojmu menšinovému zastúpeniu vždy do určitej miery vzbudí pozornosť či už tak, že sa stane pilierom myslenia samotného a nájde si svoje trvalé miesto v jeho základoch, alebo sa stane nevyhnutnou oporou filozofického uvažovania. Princípov v dejinách filozofického myslenia v skutočnosti nie je mnoho. Stav je daný predovšetkým rôznorodou a v mnohých prípadoch neracionalistickou povahou filozofického uvažovania. V tejto súvislosti možno bez váhania na jednej strane spomenúť niektoré princípy logiky ako princíp identity, princíp negácie sporu, princíp vylúčenia tretieho a iné. Na druhej strane spomeniem dva osobitné princípy, ktoré s logikou v skutočnosti majú spoločné len to, že sú z nej odvodené. Prvý z nich je známy ako Occamova britva. Druhý dostal veľmi špecifické pomenovanie, ktoré však príliš veľa svetla do jeho pochopenia neprináša, skôr naopak – už samotné pomenovanie princípu vnáša do jeho pochopenia mnohé prekážky: principium rationis sufficientis alebo princíp dostatočného dôvodu. Po prvýkrát ho formuluje a aj na jeho základe buduje svoju metafyziku (kontingencie) G. W. Leibniz. O takmer tri storočia neskôr prejaví o tento princíp záujem Martin Heidegger. Nenápadnosť a takmer nevysvetliteľná jasnosť tohto princípu ho očarí natoľko, že mu venuje jeden prednáškový kurz v letnom semestri 1928 v Marburgu – kurz známy ako Metafyzické základy logiky podľa Leibniza (Die Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Logik im Ausgang von Leibniz). Definitívne sa k nemu vyjadrí v zimnom semestri 1955-1956 vo Freiburgu v prednáške s názvom Der Satz vom Grund. Heideggerova deštrukcia princípu smeruje od principium rationis sufficientis k pojmu dôvod-základ (Grund). Zámerom, ktorý Heidegger touto cestou sleduje, je premyslenie otázky Bytia bez jestvujúcna, Bytia, ktoré prostredníctvom pojmu dôvod-základ (Grund) nadobúda zakladajúci charakter. Ukazuje sa však, že s definitívnou platnosťou nemožno ani v tomto prípade vyrieknuť ortieľ nad možnosťou myslenia Bytia bez jestvujúcna. Preto pokus o prekonanie metafyziky a nastolenie nového myslenia a jeho úlohy ostáva len pokusom.

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Marián Bednár

The scientific monograph The Value of Human Life in the Connotations of Postmodernism presents a current issue of reflections on the value of human life. It sees in the broader connotations of postmodern society, where the approaches of applied ethics (bioethics), philosophy and Christian theology intersect. This issue is embedded in the historical, philosophical, sociological and cultural-social Postmodernism. The monograph analyses the postmodern value system, the dominant postmodern anthropological concept, secular bioethics and civil law in relation to human life and its value. The key is the confrontation of the postmodern anti-life mentality and life in the most discussed bioethical issues: contraception, artificial insemination techniques, genetic manipulation, abortion, sterilization, (bio) technology, euthanasia. An alternative approach is offered by the theological vision of human and life presented in the Judeo-Christian context. In the light of modern theological disciplines, the personnel concept is enriched by theological anthropology culminating in an eschatological vision. In this sense, the issue of the value of human life culminates, which is also inspired by one of the most important encyclicals of Pope John Paul II. Evangelium vitae (25th anniversary of its writing). It is she who calls for the acceptance and respect of every human life and for the practical development of a new culture of life.

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Michaela Ružičková - Patrik Furik - Lukáš Jakabovič (eds.)

The collection of articles from the XI. International Scientific Conference for Students and Young Scientists, organized by the Department of Political Science of the Faculty of Arts of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, in cooperation with the Res Publica Civic Association, the Department of Security Studies of the Faculty of Political Science and International Relations of the Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Institute of Political Sciences and Administration, Faculty of Political Science and Journalism, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Institute of Social Studies, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, and the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, University of Miskolc, held on 20 May 2022 in Košice.

The aim of this publication, entitled Truth vs. Post-Truth. „It is not true, but it could be.”, is to highlight the threats arising from the issue of the spread of disinformation, conspiracies and hoaxes today, reflecting not only on the national context, but also on the impact of these elements in the international environment.

The proceedings consist of 12 articles written in Slovak and English. The individual contributions deal with selected topics and aspects of the spread of disinformation, conspiracy theories or hoaxes, among others in the context of elections, media landscape and politics.

The topics of the contributions are the limits of freedom of expression, media freedom and regulation in the media space, the issue of propaganda or information warfare. The present volume also includes papers focusing on issues in the field of political ideologies or the issue of false narratives about the COVID-19 disease.

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Katarína Šiňanská

The presented university textbook deals with various views on the issue of youth work in the non-governmental non-profit sector, with which the area of social work or other helping professions is closely connected. It offers theoretical analysis as a basic theoretical framework of the issue, which is necessary to know during the study and in the performance of the practice in the helping profession. It also offers an application through practical demonstrations. The area of youth work is frequent in the non-profit sector. Many diverse activities and projects are being developed based on the basic concept of empowerment. Their aim is to involve young people as much as possible in public life. In addition, with a specific focus on those young people who are struggling with some form of disadvantage.

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