Právny jazyk v aplikačnej praxi

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Martina Jánošíková -  Dominika Marčoková Becková (eds.)

The peer-reviewed Proceeding of Scientific Papers is dedicated to the issue of the European Public Prosecutor's Office and is the result of a scientific project APVV-18-0421 European Public Prosecutor's Office in Connections of the Constitutional Order of the Slovak Republic as Strengthening of the European Integration through Law.

In their works, the authors of scientific papers, dealt with the issue of the European Public Prosecutor's Office in the context of European Union law and criminal law, as well as the relation of the European Public Prosecutor's Office with the national prosecutor's office and law enforcement authorities. The scientific works published in the proceeding dealt with the topics of the reasons for the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor's Office, the position of the European Public Prosecutor's Office in the institutional system of the EU and the Slovak Republic, relations of cooperation and coordination between the European Public Prosecutor's Office and the Public Prosecutor's Office of the Slovak Republic, the protection of the constitutionality and legality of the procedures and decisions of the European Public Prosecutor's Office, with special attention to the protection of fundamental rights, as well as the first result and evaluation of the operation of the European Public Prosecutor's Office in the Slovak Republic.

Thanks to the content of scientific papers, the reader can get a more comprehensive idea of this new body of the European Union, which operates in an area traditionally associated with state sovereignty and represents another step forward in the integration processes represented by the European Union.

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Ľudmila Pošiváková - Adam Giertl

The presented selection of public international law documents aims to map international law from both historical and sectoral perspectives. The reader will find several historical documents in this collection, but the focus is primarily on currently valid legal sources.

The selection is guided by the publication Public International Law – General and Special Part by Prof. Ján Klučko, which is reflected in the division into general and special parts. The general part addresses the historical development of international law but primarily focuses on the protection of individuals and responsibility relationships in international law. The special part then examines the international regulation of various institutions of international law.

We acknowledge that this selection offers room for expansion, but we believe it meets basic requirements and fills a certain gap in the study of international law.

We trust that this collection of public international law materials will be beneficial for students, and not only for them, in the study of public international law and will contribute to raising awareness in this field.

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Erik Štenpien

The presented monograph is dedicated to the reforms of local administration in the middle of the 19th century, which led to the introduction of municipalism - the nationalization of local administration. The work is primarily devoted to the analysis of the differences between legal articles 42/1870 and 21/1884, the second of which has so far been considered by Slovak legal historians as an amendment. I will explain the differences in the text of both standards, as well as by pointing out the practice of applying both standards in local practice in Abov and Turňa, the legal article 21/1884 is applicable, it is recoded and after the thresholds of the Czechoslovakia it was received as an obligation of the local sparva in Slovakia and is valid even in the time of Conclusion The Trianon peace treaty.

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Dominika Becková - Radoslav Benko - Valéria Ružičková

Studies of the European Union law may hardly be possible without making use of its sources. Lots of types of legal rules, several forms of judicial decisions as well as a wide spectrum of criteria used while searching among legal acts of the European Union and case-law of its courts in search engines on the official websites of the European Union may, however, appear confusing, thereby making the work with sources of the European Union law more complicated and prolonging it.

Methodology Guide „How to Work Correctly with the Sources of the European Union Law“ aims to help students to understand the system of sources of the European Union law as well as the sources themselves, offer them tips and advice useful during their search and thus contribute to the adoption of fundamental procedures for working with them.

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Ján Klučka(ed.)

Collection of Papers from the International Scientific Conference Held on May 29–30, 2014 at the Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

In the first half of this year, a scientific conference entitled “10 Years in the EU: Relations, Questions, Issues” was held in Košice, and the contributions from this event constitute the content of the present collection bearing the same name.

The aim of the organizers—namely, the Slovak Association of European Law, the Representation of the European Commission in the Slovak Republic, and the Institute of European Law together with the Department of International Law of the Faculty of Law at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University—was not only (even if loosely) to follow up on the previous 2009 conference “Community Law in Slovakia – Five Years ‘After’”, but, after another five years, to continue its main objective: to provide participants from both the academic and non-academic community with a space for further analysis and exchange of views on legal issues related to the membership of the Slovak Republic in the European Union and various current issues of the Union’s legal order.

From this perspective, a shift in the overall focus of the conference contributions in 2009 and 2014 can be observed. While the contributions from the first conference focused primarily on various aspects of the application of Union law in the Slovak legal system and related application problems, especially before courts and other authorities, the basic orientation of the contributions from the second conference is already different. The present collection also confirms that the contributions focus primarily on current issues of the European legal order and on certain aspects of the Union’s external policy, while the relationship of Union law to the Slovak legal system is no longer given primary attention.

Several contributions focus on areas characterized by a certain overlap or “cohabitation” of Union law with public international law, private international law, or, more broadly, international relations.

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Lucia Bakošová (ed.)

Proceedings from the XII Student Symposium on International and European Law held on March 29, 2019, in Košice

The primary goal of films or TV series is typically not to educate their audience. However, contemporary cinematography includes a significant number of works that present issues related to international and European law to both professional and general audiences.

For this reason, the Institute of International and European Law at the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice organized the XII Student Symposium on International and European Law titled "International and European Law in Cinematography," under the auspices of Professor JUDr. Ján Klučka, CSc.

The main objective of the symposium was to popularize international and European law among students through films or series. The films analyzed during the symposium could be divided into two categories: those dramatizing real events and those creating fictional scenarios incorporating aspects of international or European law. Most contributions focused on films depicting real events, such as the genocide in Rwanda in the 1990s, the Nuremberg Trials, the occupation of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, or the legal dispute between the heir of the painting Woman in Gold and Austria. On the other hand, works like the series MASH* were also discussed; while not based on real events, it uses its narrative to portray the lives of medical personnel in a military field hospital during the Korean War.

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Karin Cakoci-Ladislav Hrabčák

The proceedings of student papers from the V. Annual Student Symposium represent a collection of analytical and comparative studies in the fields of tax policy, public finance, and financial law, reflecting the current challenges of the Slovak and European economies. The authors (students) focus on a wide range of topics – from considerations regarding the reintroduction of inheritance tax in Slovakia, through issues of tax evasion and abuse of law in taxation, to measures aimed at public finance consolidation. The authors (students) in their contributions also analyse practical aspects of tax administration, such as tax enforcement proceedings, case law concerning the burden of proof, and the financing of civic associations through tax assignation mechanisms. Particular attention is paid to modern challenges of tax policy, including the taxation of digital giants, financial transaction tax, and the regulation of crypto-asset service provision in the V4 countries. The proceedings also highlight the connection between tax instruments, the financing of cultural institutions, and the broader social context of public expenditures. The publication thus offers a comprehensive overview of current trends and perspectives in the field of taxation and public finance within the conditions of the Slovak Republic and the European Union.
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Alexander Bröstl

Učebnica Všeobecnej štátovedy predstavuje tradičný obsah predmetu, ako sa rozvinul v európskej kontinentálnej podobe (altematívou štátovedy je dnes na viacerých univerzitách, aj mimo právnických fakúlt, politická veda). Medzi dvanástimi kapitolami  sa okrem viac-menej stabilne prítomných  (1. Jednotlivca spoločnosť; 2. Teórie o príčinách vzniku štátu a o účele štátu; 3. Znaky (prvky)štátu; 8. Politické strany a štát) nachádzajú aj kapitoly, ktoré spravidla nie sú, alebo doteraz neboli predmetom štandardného záujmu (5. Politický spor, zmena ústavy,  revolúcia,  právo  na  odpor;  6. Rozpadnuté  a stroskotané  štáty;  7. Štát a cirkev).Niektoré kapitoly predstavujú návrat k pôvodným štátovedným klasifikáciám (9. Funkcie štátu). V rámci prezentácie historických a aktuálnych otázok týkajúcich sa Formy štátu (najrozsiahlejšia 1O. kapitola)ide o pokus objasnit' nové aspekty problematiky(napríklad, podkapitoly ako Parlamentná opozícia, Ústavné súdnictvo). Záverečná časť učebnice sa venuje Modernému ústavnému štátu: právnemu štátu(12.kapitola)a možno ju považovat' za príspevok k analýze princípov právneho štátu a jeho viacerých teórií. Úmyslom autora bolo tiež prispieť k autentickému výkladu názorov niektorých myslitel'ov  predošlých období, návratom k pôvodným textom ich diel. Všeobecná štátoveda, adresovaná predovšetkým študentom, má za ciel' tvoriť úvod do právnického štúdia ako jeho osvedčená základňa, zdroj i východisko.

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Radomír Jakab-Diana Repiščáková-Eva Berníková

Collection of contributions from the international scientific conference was created as part of the international scientific conference entitled "Administrative law without borders" held on October 19 and 20, 2023 in Tokaj in connection with the solution of the scientific project entitled "Extraterritorial effects of foreign administrative decisions in the conditions of the European Union " supported by a grant from the Scientific Grant Agency under no. 01/187/2022. The main goal of the mentioned project is the scientific investigation of the extraterritorial impact of administrative decisions of the member states of the European Union on the territory of other member states for the purpose of knowledge as well as the subsequent assessment of the need and extent of harmonization of the legislation of the member states of the European Union, perceiving the growing necessity of increasing the degree of free movement of administrative decisions in the conditions of the European of the Union. As part of the research project, an international scientific conference was held under the title "Administrative Law without Borders". At the conference, contributions were presented by members of the investigative team, who are also members of the Department of Constitutional Law and Administrative Law of the Faculty of Law of the University of Pavel Jozef Šafárik in Košice, as well as their colleagues from all over Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary. The main goal of the conference was the presentation and confrontation of knowledge in the field of cross-border effects of administrative acts (primarily in the conditions of the European Union), perceiving the increasingly increasing globalization of law, as a result of which it is no longer possible to perceive national law separately, but in mutual contexts with the legal systems of other states , or with the right of transnational, or international organizations, as well as obligations arising for individual states from concluded international agreements. Individual sections and blocks of the conference also corresponded to this goal, within which not only knowledge from positive-legal disciplines, but also knowledge of a theoretical-legal and historical-legal nature was heard.

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Peter Huba - Jozef Sábo - Martin Štrkolec

The presented monograph aims to provide an in-depth overview of the issue of international tax evasion, both in terms of its conceptual foundations and with regard to specific methods and schemes used to carry out tax evasion.

The members of the authorial team have also addressed questions of tax evasion in their previous works: "International Tax Evasion and Tax Havens" (JUDr. Jozef Sábo) and "Legal Aspects of the Elimination of Double Taxation and Prevention of Tax Evasion" (JUDr. Peter Huba).

This monograph represents a synthesis of the relevant research activities of the authorial team, enriched by the interdisciplinary dimension of the tax evasion problem. At the same time, it highlights those shortcomings that appear to be the most serious from the perspective of the risk of international tax evasion and base erosion in Slovakia. In this respect, a comparative perspective on the issue is presented, drawing extensively from American sources, mainly due to the high quality and long-standing research on international tax evasion in the United States.

The authorial team believes that this monograph will help to bring the issue of corporate income tax evasion closer to the professional public, and that it will receive attention equal to that given to VAT fraud and other pressing issues of current tax legislation.

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Adrián Popovič  - Jozef Sábo

Reviewed proceedings from the student symposium organized on the occasion of IV. Slovak-Czech days of tax law.

The International Scientific Conference IV. Slovak-Czech days of tax law was held 16th - 18th June 2021 in Košice (Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice). On this occasion, a student symposium on the topic: "Current Challenges of Tax Law" was organized for students of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Faculty of Law in Košice on 15th June 2021. The focus of the symposium was chosen due to the content of the grant project APVV-19-0124 entitled "Tax law and new phenomena in the economy (digital services, shared economy, virtual currencies)", which is currently being addressed at the Department of Financial Law, Tax Law and Economy, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice. The output of this symposium is a reviewed proceeding of papers, in which students focus on examining the current challenges of tax law. In this context, students examine not only the current challenges in the field of real estate tax and the introduction of taxation based on their market value of real estate, the decision-making of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of direct taxation and indirect taxation, but also new and extremely current taxation issues of cryptoactive (virtual currency) taxation, not only in the Slovak Republic but also in the world. The authors also assess in detail the current situation in the research area, and they also present de lege ferenda proposals that could contribute to the development and improvement of several aspects of taxation, which is a benefit not only for legal science but also for application practice.

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Sergej Romža-Lukáš Michaľov-Michaela Ema Mauerová
Proceedings of scientific contributions with the main section: "Artíficíal intellígence - a challenge for crímínal law" and subsections: "Extremism from the perspective of criminology, victimology, and criminalistics" and "Creation and tools of criminal policy" is the result of a nationwide interdisciplinary scientific conference with intemational particípation, organízed by the Department of Criminal Law of the Faculty of Law at UPJŠ in Košice. The publication retlects current challenges in criminal law in the context of dynamic technological, security, and social changes. The main section, "Artificial Intelligence - A Challenge for Criminal Law," presents contributions analyzing legal, ethical, and practical issues related to the use of artificial intelligence in the field of criminal law. The authors address autonomous responsibility, algorithmic transparency, the possibilities of using Al in the prevention, detection, and prosecution of crimes, as well as the risks to the protection of fundamental rights and fair tria!. The subsection "Extremism from the perspective of criminology, victimology, and criminalistics" provides an overview of current fonns of extremism, mechanisms of radicalization, risk factors, impacts on victims, and criminalistic aspects of its detection. Its interdisciplinary nature allows for the interconnection of legal, sociological, and psychological contexts. In the subsection "Criminal Policy Creation and Tools," the authors focus on the fonnation of modem criminal policy in the context of changing crime, the evaluation of thc effectiveness of criminal law tools, and the challenges posed by new technological and social phenomena. Legislatíve trends, comparativc findings, and practical implications for legal practice are discussed. The aim is to provide a comprehensive view of selected issues in contemporary criminal law theory and practice and to contribute to the professional dialogue on the future of criminal law and its ability to respond to the challengcs of the 21st century.
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Jozef Suchoža - Ján Husár - Regina Hučková

Proceedings of the International Scientific Symposium

Collection Law-Commerce-Economy X. is a publication containing professional contributions by the authors, especially with regard to commercial law, civil law, labor law, intellectual property law, but also digital technology law. The thematic focus of the international scientific symposium was concentrated in three areas representing open problems of commercial law with regard to the solution of the economic and social crisis caused by the so-called pandemic (corona crisis), current issues of corporate law in the EU and artificial intelligence and law: the influence of artificial intelligence on the normative activity of the state and court decisions. With regard to the content orientation of the outputs, the publication is suitable not only for readers from the academic environment, but also from applied practice.

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Adrián Popovič - Jozef Sábo - Anna Vartašová (eds.)

The International Scientific Conference on the topic Condition and perspectives of public finances in the EU was held 2nd – 3rd June 2022in Košice focused on the topics of the EU Budget and Real Estate in taxation. On this occasion, a student symposium on the topic: "Condition and perspectives of financial law and tax law" was organized for students of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Faculty of Law in Košice on 1st June 2022. The focus of the symposium was chosen due to the content of the grant project VEGA no. 1/0485/21: „Simultaneity and possibilities of reforming the system of own resources of the EU budget (legal and economic aspects also in the context of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic)“, of the grant project VEGA no. 1/0214/21: „Taxation of real property – legal status and potential“ and of the grant project APVV-19-0124 entitled "Tax law and new phenomena in the economy (digital services, shared economy, virtual currencies)", which are currently being addressed at the Department of Financial Law, Tax Law and Economy, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

The output of this symposium is a reviewed proceeding of papers, in which students focus on examining the current challenges of financial law and tax law. In this context, students examine not only the issue of current challenges in the field of real estate tax and the introduction of taxation based on their market value of real estate and the institute of remedies in tax procedural law, but also the current issue of EU budget law with a focus on the revenue side of the EU budget.

The authors also assess in detail the current situation in the research area, and they also present de lege ferenda proposals that could contribute to the development and improvement of several aspects of taxation, which is a benefit not only for legal science but also for application practice.

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Renáta Bačárová, Kristián Vassay (eds.)

The proceedings Consumers and Traders Online: Legal and Economic Challenges of Digital Markets present a collection of scientific studies addressing contemporary issues of digital market functioning within the European Union. The contributions analyse legal, economic and technological dimensions of digital services, particularly in the context of the VEGA project 1/0431/23 focused on the conflict of interests between consumers and traders in the delivery of digital content and services. The studies highlight the dynamic growth of the digital economy, bringing new regulatory challenges, issues of data protection and enforcement of consumer rights. The authors examine topics such as geographical indications in the digital environment, the use of artificial intelligence in public enforcement, fintech regulation, liability for damages, and the impacts of the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Digital Markets Act (DMA). The proceedings also expose increasing fragmentation of responsibility across digital actors and emphasise the need for a harmonised EU regulatory framework. Further attention is given to evolving consumer behaviour, cybersecurity risks, deepfake technologies, the functioning of online marketplaces and digital payment systems. A significant part of the analysis addresses the role of major online platforms, their obligations and influence on transparency in digital markets. The publication offers an interdisciplinary perspective combining law, economics and technology, representing an important contribution to the discourse on modern consumer protection in the digital era.

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Natália Kalinák-Andrej Oriňak

The Department of Commercial Law and Economic Law together with the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law of the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice organized the 8th annual student symposium, this time on commercial, labour and private international law, which took place at the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice on 1 December 2023. The student symposium under the title Commercial and Labour Law on a Common Wave was carried out as part of the research projects VEGA 1/0259/22 and VEGA č. 1/0291/23. The aim of the annual symposia is to create a discussion platform for students under the supervision of mentors from among the members of the department, namely teachers, researchers and PhD students. The theme of this year's symposium brought about discussion of interesting theoretical and practical legal issues thematically focused on the synergy of business law and labour law. The students addressed topical issues related to the status of entrepreneurs, the conduct of companies in labour law relations as well as the duties and responsibilities of employees. The topics of the sharing economy, gender quotas in corporate bodies and unfair bribery were not forgotten. While working on individual topics, students had the opportunity to improve their analytical thinking and argumentation skills, while they could practice writing a legal professional text, which in practice often increases the success of every lawyer. Students had the opportunity to develop their critical thinking and learn how to clearly formulate their own opinions on current legal issues. After the presentation of the papers, not only the team of lecturers and researchers, but also the students themselves engaged in a fruitful discussion, asking a number of original questions. Each student participant was awarded a certificate for their active participation in the symposium. The present proceedings are the outcome of the students' work from this event.

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