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Učebné texty „Vybrané kapitoly z gerontológie a geriatrie" sú určené pre štúdium študentov medicíny na Lekárskej fakulty UPJŠ v odbore Všeobecné lekárstvo v rámci výučby klinických špecializačných blokov v odbore Interná medicína - Geriatria .
Vo svojom úvode sa učebné texty venujú demografii z pohľadu starnutia populácie, vysvetľujú základné pojmy ako gerontológia, jej rozdelenie a následne sa zaoberajú aj úlohou a poslaním klinického odboru geriatria. Následne zrozumiteľne opisujú a vysvetľujú základné piliere geriatrickej medicíny, ktorými sú komplexné geriatrické vyšetrenie, základné geriatrické syndrómy, kam patrí krehkosť, malnutrícia, sarkopénia, kognitívne poruchy, a polyfarmácia . V závere sa venujú ageizmu, ktorý je tiež dôležitým javom v dnešnej klinickej medicíne.
MUDr. Peter Olexa, PhD.
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A.A. Ahmetova - A.A. Seidakhmetova - N.D. Kalmenov et al.
Improving the best practices in the provision of the first pre-medical care is one of the priority areas of clinical medicine in most countries of the world. Despite the success in improving the provision of medical care at the level of FPMA and emergency medical care, it is the provision of skilled care at the earliest stages of the disease or emergency conditions that determines the quality of all medical care and the future of the patient.
When rendering emergency care to the sick and injured, the time factor is very important, it prevents irreversible disturbances in the body and creates a good help for the complete cure of the patient. Textbook is designed to improve awareness of the importance of pre-medical aid to non-medical students in central Asian countries.
Význam vedomia pre každého človeka ale aj pre poznávanie je taký rozhodujúci, že by bolo nesprávne hovoriť o ňom iba pri psychických procesoch, lebo je jadrom ľudskej individuality a práve vedomím sa človek odlišuje od ostatných živých tvorov.
Je potešujúce, že nová oblasť poznávania označovaná ako veda o mysli začína sa vedomím zaoberať podrobnejšie a vylučuje tvrdenia, že vedomie nejestvuje hoci zatiaľ hovorí podľa mojej mienky iba o bazálnom vedomí a jej interpretácie prekračujú zistené fakty.
V svojej odbornej činnosti a aj v učebniciach som rozlišoval dve cesty poznávania vedomia a iba postupne som si uvedomil, že mám pred sebou dva úrovne vedomia. V tejto práci rozlišujem tieto dve úrovne:
Ak bazálne vedomie vyjadruje bdenie a spánok, tiež pozornosť a gnostické rozpoznávanie, teda idiognózia a somatognózia, rozvinuté vedomie predpokladá reč a vytvára také prejavy, ktoré označujeme ako duševné, teda identita, sebarealizáciu, čo vyjadruje schopnosť uvedomovania si seba, okolia, spoločnosti ale aj všetkého čo sme schopní poznať.
Také chápanie je blízke výkladu fyziológa Pavlova o dvoch signálnych sústavách a chápaniu Poppera o treťom svete ale aj ďalšie náhľady, nikto však neurobil určitejšie závery a nedošiel k náhľadu, že naše vedomie má dvojvrstevnú podobu, dve úrovne.
Napriek rozsiahlej a takmer neprehľadnej literatúre vieme o vedomí málo, okrem toho, že je to schopnosť uvedomovania, teda schopnosť uvedomiť si, že jestvujem, že som, že jestvujú aj iní ľudia, že jestvuje niečo čo označujeme ako svet ako nepredstaviteľný vesmír. Uvedomujem si, že som individualitou jedinečnou, ale limitovanou narodením a smrťou a že mám aj zmysel svojho bytia. Toto uvedomovanie, akokoľvek spochybňované je pre človeka prítomné v jeho poznávaní, hoci nemáme zmysly, ktorými by sme vedeli lokalizovať jeho prítomnosť v mozgu, ale svojou charakteristikou s dynamikou a integráciou má však duševný charakter, odlišný od ostatných prejavov mozgovej činnosti.
Práca sa pokúša v deviatich kapitolách osvetliť, čo sa chápe pojmom bazálne a rozvinuté vedomie a možno ju rozdeliť do troch okruhov:
V prvých šiestich kapitolách diela hovorí o vedomí ako o doméne bytia človeka, podáva sa preto výklad vedomia a jeho rozlíšenie, potom sa hovorí o kolobehu života a rozvoji vedomia, kladie sa otázka vedomia u stavovcov, potom náhľady filozofické a metodológia skúmania vedomia. Nasledujú ďalšie kapitoly, ktoré analyzujú podrobnejšie dve formy, úrovne vedomia, sú to kapitoly 7-9, začínajú analýzou individuality človeka, lebo to je báza vedomia aj jeho foriem, ďalej kapitoly o bazálnom vedomí a rozvinutom vedomí, čo považujem za jadro predkladanej práce. Napokon sa opisujú niektoré poruchy vedomia, ktoré dokladajú realitu vedomia v podobe jej porúch ale aj možnosti rozlíšenia dvoch úrovní, ktoré sa dajú zistiť pri starostlivom štúdiu a pri práci s chorými.
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Renáta Suchanová - Lucia Dimunová
The following textbook deals with issues related to communication in medical practice which significantly affects the survival and behaviour of a patient. Communication skills and the attitude of healthcare professionals exercised towards a patient have significant impact on patient’s ability to handle treatment and his or hers co-operation during the process.
This publication is intended to serve as a guide applicable towards deeper knowledge, better comprehension and overall understanding of the mental state of an ill person, his or her needs, stances, behaviour patterns, but also his or her management of the illness. Attention is also paid to the active building of a relationship between the healthcare professional and the patient, with emphasis on respect, truthfulness, and mutual understanding in communication. Particularly accentuated are issues related to specific effective communication skills, methods, and techniques serviceable during interactions with a patient; application of empathy and proactive approach are highlighted.
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S vývojom endovaskulárnej chirurgie dochádza postupne k rozvoju stentingu ACI. Minimálne invazívny prístup spravil túto metodiku vhodnú pre pacientov s vážnymi konkomitatnými kardiálnymi alebo pľúcnymi ochoreniami. Ďalšou výhodou v porovnaní s chirurgickou liečbou bol lepší prístup k ACI u pacientov po rádioterapii, po predchádzajúcich operáciách na krku, ale aj u pacientov so stenózami blízko lebečnej bázy. Porovnanie CEA vs CAS je zaujímavou a diskutabilnou témou mnohých štúdií. Avšak, aj napriek celosvetovému mohutnému rozvoju endovaskulárnej liečby karotická endarterektómia ostáva zlatým štandardom liečby stenózy ACI u symptomatických aj asymptomatických pacientov.
V tejto monografii by sme radi akcentovali a systematizovali problematiku chirurgickej prevencie CMP z pohľadu cievneho chirurga.
Darina Kluchová a kol.
At present, there is a wide range of anatomy textbooks for medical students but at the same time there is an absence of anatomy books suitable for dental students. This book was designed as a base for study of trunk and limbs for dental students which should gain a sense of anatomy structures, but they do not need know details from these regions.
The amount of information in the book was extensively discussed with colleagues from clinical departments and with anatomy specialists from Slovakia and from abroad as well. Because of serious diversity of opinions we took into consideration also opinions of our specialists from dental medicine. Final material is considered to be a key information required for future dental doctors.
Authors
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Denisa Harvanová (ed.)
The proceedings contain abstracts submitted by participants of the international scientific event entitled "MVDr. Ján Rosocha, CSc. Memorial" (3rd year). The event is part of a bilateral project named: "Extracellular vesicles: a promising cell-free therapy for cartilage repair (SK-AT-23-0005)", which is implemented within the framework of cooperation between Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia, and the University for Continuing Education Krems in Austria. It is funded by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV) under the bilateral call Slovakia-Austria 2023 and by OEAD – Agency for Education and Internationalisation under the project number SK11/2024. The MVDr. Ján Rosocha, CSc. Memorial (3rd year) was held on October 14, 2025, on the premises of the Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Slovak Republic.
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A uterine scar is currently a significant medical problem. Uterine scars most commonly occur after a Cesarean section, which is one of the most frequent laparotomic surgeries (Yazicioglu et al., 2006). The frequency of Cesarean sections increased between 1990 and 2014 in the USA from 21.2% to 32.2% (Hamilton et al., 2015), in Great Britain from 12% to 26.2% (NHS Maternity Statistics - England, 2013-14: Summary Report, 2015), and in the Slovak Republic from 8.7% to 31% (Národné centrum zdravotníckych informácii, 2016).
After a Cesarean section (CS), there is a risk of abnormal healing of the uterotomic wound, which can result in the development of certain pathological conditions in consecutive pregnancies (uterine rupture, ectopic pregnancy in the Cesarean scar, placental disorders) (Seow et al., 2004; Oyelese and Smulian, 2006; Fitzpatrick et al., 2012). In addition, a defect in the Cesarean scar is associated with chronic dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and postmenstrual spotting (Wang et al., 2009; Bij de Vaate et al., 2011).
Ultrasound is a valuable examination method in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these pathological conditions.
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The university textbook entitled "Vasculitis" provides a systematic overview of vasculitis encountered in clinical practice. The text is supplemented with tables reflecting the latest recommendations of professional societies and illustrations that aid in understanding the subject matter. The individual chapters analyze the etiopathogenesis of individual types of vasculitis, their epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and also prevention and screening options. The publication is intended for doctoral students at medical faculties, but it can also be used by doctors in specialist training in internal medicine, angiology, cardiology, rheumatology, nephrology and general medicine.
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Laparoscopic surgery today represents the standard and, in many respects, a preferred modality of surgical treatment. The dynamics of its global expansion, enabled by advancements in biomedical technologies and the development of global information and communication channels, is unprecedented in the history of surgery. Currently, there is virtually no abdominal operation that is not performed laparoscopically, with laparoscopic procedures often being the method of choice.
Despite—or perhaps because of—the unprecedentedly rapid penetration of laparoscopic surgeries into everyday surgical practice, universally accepted technical standards are still lacking in many respects. The high variability of procedural approaches within individual laparoscopic operations stems more from the traditions of specific workplaces than from evidence-based medicine. This situation is further influenced by the development of new and revived concepts such as mini-laparoscopy, SILS (Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery), NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery), and their hybrid combinations with classical laparoscopy.
The aim of this monograph is to draw the attention of the professional community back to the fundamental principles of laparoscopic surgery, which should serve as a foundation for the effective and safe performance of laparoscopic operations, as well as a basis for a critical stance towards fashionable innovative trends.
Tieto učebné texty sú určené študentom lekárskych fakúlt, obsahuje základné poznatky z rádiológie.
Rádiologické zobrazovacie metódy prežívajú stále výrazný rozvoj vďaka prístrojovej technike, ktorá umožňuje zavádzať nové diagnostické metódy, ako sú USG vyšetrenia s kontrastnou látkou, špeciálne CT vyšetrenia...
Vďaka moderným prístrojom môžeme vykonávať rôzne intervenčné diagnostické aj terapeutické výkony, ako sú biopsie, drenáže...
Publikácia je rozdelená na všeobecnú a špeciálnu časť s následným delením podľa jednotlivých modalít a vyšetrovaných orgánov.
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Mária Sováriová Soósová a kol.
The proposed university textbook provides knowledge in the field of nursing in internal medicine. It is intended primarily for students of the nursing program, but also for nurses working in this specialization. The textbook builds on the previous two parts: Nursing Process in Internal Medicine I (Sováriová Soósová, 2006) and Nursing Process in Internal Medicine II (Suchanová, 2007). It is divided into four chapters, focusing on disorders of water and electrolyte balance and acid-base equilibrium, kidney and urinary tract diseases, endocrine system diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders.
Each chapter is similarly structured, beginning with diagnostic methods commonly used in the respective area. Subsequent subchapters address nursing care for selected diseases of specific bodily systems. Each subchapter consists of a clinical introduction (characteristics of the disease, its etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment) and nursing care for the given disease. This includes assessment, formulation of nursing diagnoses, and planning nursing care (setting goals, outcome criteria, and planning possible interventions).
The textbook serves as a model framework and algorithm for managing nursing care using the nursing process method.
Mária Frankovičová - Jana Kaťuchová
Dear readers and students,
The book “Surgery for Medical Students“ is a textbook intended to be used by those studying at medical faculties and in other healthcare fields. In this textbook, the authors, encompassing all surgical specialties, have tried to provide the reader with a holistic context of the study material intended to be used in preparation for the state exam from surgery. I thank all the co-authors for their willingness and cooperation. To the students I hope you have a pleasant time reading and studying the book.
Prof. MUDr. Mária Frankovičová, PhD
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The publication "Fundamentals of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment: Tools and Applications" is the first of its kind in Slovakia. It was created with the aim of providing healthcare professionals, medical students, and anyone interested in the subject with a clear, practical overview of cardiovascular risk. The book presents a global and national picture of mortality, emphasizes the importance of prevention and screening, and introduces the basic principles of risk assessment. Special attention is paid to risk factors and modifiers that can significantly change a patient's prognosis. For a better understanding of the issue, the reader will also find chapters devoted to clinical conditions, an overview of scoring systems, risk categories, and finally practical examples from clinical practice that link theory with everyday medical reality. Our goal is for this book to be not only an educational tool, but also a practical guide for decision-making in clinical practice. We believe that it will contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of cardiovascular risk and at the same time help to strengthen the emphasis on prevention, which remains the most effective tool in the fight against these diseases.
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Lucia Bosáková - Zuzana Dankulincová - Daniela Fiľakovská
Publication called Scientific communication and management of research projects serves as background and teaching material. Its aim is to help university students and researchers develop competencies important for scientific work, such as scientific integrity, critical work with literary sources, management of research projects and scientific communication. Publication is divided into four parts.
The first part is focused on the preparation of a research project, where it is important to know the basic ethical principles applied in the research project, but also to be able to critically assess literary sources and process them. In the second part, it provides information on the preparation of research projects and their management, including their financing, from preparation and planning, through initialization to implementation, management, logistics, monitoring, evaluation and termination. The third part pays attention to the preparation, processing and presentation of scientific results in the form of a scientific article, presentation, poster or press release, thus covering not only a professional but also a lay audience.
The final fourth part provides information about communication with a scientific journal, whether it is the process of sending, revising an article up to its publication, or the process of assessing scientific work by scientific journal editors in the process of screening and peer review.
Mária Pallayová - Soňa Grešová - Pavol Švorc - Ivana Bačová
Adekvátne vedomosti z lekárskej fyziológie sú dôležité pre správne porozumenie funkcií jednotlivých orgánových systémov, ako aj pre diagnostiku a správnu liečbu ochorení. Vysokoškolský učebný text Praktické cvičenia z fyziológie je navrhnutý tak, aby dopĺňal prednášky a semináre z Lekárskej fyziológie. Každá kapitola je rozdelená do niekoľkých častí (Úvod, Princíp, Materiál, Postup, Protokol), aby študentom uľahčila porozumenie jednotlivých tém a bola nápomocná pri vypracovávaní laboratórnych protokolov. Jednotlivé kapitoly zahŕňajú ochranu a bezpečnosť pri práci, úvod do fyziológie, hematológiu, kardiovaskulárny systém, respiračný systém a vylučovací systém. Od študentov sa očakáva, že počas praktických cvičení získajú praktické skúsenosti pri riešení jednotlivých úloh zameraných na oblasť lekárskej fyziológie a budú rozvíjať aj dôležité analytické a komunikačné zručnosti, ktoré im pomôžu analyzovať a prezentovať vedecké dáta.
Slovenčina
