Sociálne a politické analýzy 1-2007

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Katarína Šiňanská, Lucia Tóthová, Tomáš Šeďo

Každý človek má potreby – od tých najzákladnejších, ako je jedlo a bezpečie, až po potrebu lásky, uznania a sebarealizácie, teda rozvoja svojho potenciálu. Tieto potreby boli zoradené do tzv. Maslowovej pyramídy, kde na seba nadväzujú podľa toho, ako veľmi sú pre náš život nevyhnutné. Ak máme uspokojené základné potreby, začneme túžiť po tých vyšších – napríklad po blízkych vzťahoch, spolupatričnosti, rešpekte a možnosti rozvíjať sa.

Ľudia so zdravotným znevýhodnením majú rovnaké potreby ako ktokoľvek iný. Rozdiel je často len v tom, že ich naplnenie je pre nich náročnejšie – nie preto, že by ich menej chceli, ale preto, že im v tom často bránia vonkajšie prekážky. Chýbajúca podpora, bariéry v prostredí, nedostatok informácií či predsudky spoločnosti spôsobujú, že sa na ich potreby zabúda. Niektoré potreby sa potom stávajú „neviditeľné“ – nie preto, že by neexistovali, ale preto, že ich okolie nevníma.

Sociálne potreby, ako je láska, priateľské vzťahy, pocit spolupatričnosti, možnosť komunikovať a byť súčasťou komunity, sú pre ľudí kľúčové. Ak nie sú naplnené, vznikajú pocity samoty, smútku, bezmocnosti či frustrácie. Z výskumov vieme, že osamelosť alebo pocit odmietnutia môže bolieť rovnako ako fyzická bolesť. O to dôležitejšie je vnímať, že každý z nás túži po tom istom – po prijatí, rešpekte, priateľstve, láske.

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Jana Balegová-Erika Brodňanská (eds.)

It has been eleven years since the Department of Classical Philology of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice opened the gates of its imaginary colourful garden for the first time. At that time, the Hortus Graeco-Latinus Cassoviensis provided a space to present the results of work from all fields of the classical, Latin medieval, and Neo-Latin studies to colleagues from Slovakia. Five years later, the "garden" was enriched by colleagues from Bohemia and Moravia, and this time, at its fourth opening, colleagues from Greece and Germany also honoured it with their works. Variety remained its characteristic feature. Papers on ancient history, the linguistics of classical languages, ancient and medieval literature, ancient philosophy, the history of ancient medicine and Neo-Latin studies, as well as contributions on the teaching of classical languages, are presented in the proceedings. Moreover, the volume is published as an output of two seemingly disparate VEGA projects carried out at the department: No. 1/0109/21 Poemata de se ipso by Gregory of Nazianzus and No. 1/0255/22 Medicus poeta. Neo-Latin literature of medical authors associated with Slovakia. However, appearances are deceptive, because Gregor of Nazianzus, although a church father, also wrote poetry, his works contain numerous allusions to the medical milieu, and he had a brother who was a physician. His entire work is characterised by the variety of the themes he explores. References to the Bible are not uncommon in the works of medical poets. Just as the projects differ and simultaneously overlap with each other, the themes of the individual contributions also differ and overlap.

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Vladimír Leško, Katarína Mayerová a kol.

Kolektívna monografia Heidegger a metafyzika v 20. storočí je zavŕšením bádateľského úsilia Katedry filozofie a dejín filozofie Filozofickej fakulty UPJŠ v Košiciach v riešení grantového projektu APVV-14-0706. Monografia predstavuje pokus o vyrovnanie sa s uchopením problému Heidegger a metafyzika v kritickej konfrontácii s jeho najvýznamnejšími filozofickými súčasníkmi v chápaní a riešení daného problému. V prvom rade ide o snahu vyrovnať sa s otázkou metafyziky ako filozofického problému vo vlastnej Heideggerovej tvorbe tak, aby čitateľ mal možnosť najprv sa zoznámiť s jeho vlastným riešením tejto otázky v priereze celej jeho tvorby. To skúmajú prvé tri kapitoly našej práce, ktorých autormi sú Vladimír Leško a Richard Capobianco.

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Renáta Gregová

The book is primary designed for the first-year students of the study programme “English Language for European Institutions and Economy” and its subject “Comparative Phonetics and Phonology”. Following the structure of this subject, the textbook is divided into eleven chapters whose content provides the reader with the essential theoretical information about the given issue from the sound subsystems of the English and the Slovak languages. The structure of each chapter is as follows: (1) theoretical explanation of the topic, (2) Suggestions for further reading recommending additional sources that develop the topic, (3) exercises whose aim is to evaluate students’ theoretical knowledge of the theme presented in the particular chapter, as well as its practical application in the process of communication. Considering the content of the book, it can be also used a study material for the students of all philological study programmes whose content encompasses the sound system of the English and/or the Slovak language.

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Juraj Schenk et al.

The scientific journal Sociálne a politické analýzy (Social and Political Analyses) serves as an interactive electronic platform for communication and the presentation (publication) of experts and their work in the fields of basic and applied research and analyses within sociological, psychological, political, and methodological contexts. It is a medium focused on intensively supporting research activities and analyses within an interdisciplinary framework, facilitating the exchange of experiences, fostering collaboration, and revitalizing the production of scientific work in this area.

The publication section of the journal offers space for works such as:

- Original sociological, psychological, and political studies and analyses in any areas of social life

- Methodological studies

- Research reports

- Studies from qualification theses Research and analysis projects

- Reviews

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Jozef Bavoľár

Decision-making is an everyday activity for us, whether it involves decisions about routine matters such as what to have for breakfast or more significant choices like selecting a career after finishing school. Due to the far-reaching consequences that a single decision can have on our entire lives, this area has received considerable attention in psychology. After all, the classic goals of psychology—describing, explaining, and predicting human behavior—are essentially attempts to understand decision-making and identify and describe the factors influencing it. Fundamental psychological disciplines such as the psychology of emotions and motivation, cognitive psychology, social psychology, and personality psychology all strive to achieve this understanding.

The presented text primarily adopts a cognitive approach, focusing on the processes of information processing and utilization. Since there are very few events in the future we can be completely certain about, key concepts include terms expressing uncertainty about the future, such as uncertainty, risk, objective probability, and subjective probability.

The central question thus lies in processing information from the environment and utilizing it in the decision-making process.

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Štefan Jusko

The goal of the monograph is to highlight the significant problem of interpreting the Socratic question, as its approach represents a method of interpreting the history of philosophy, specifically in our case, the interpretation of Socrates and Plato. The Socratic question can be grasped in diametrically different ways, as shown by Patočka and Nietzsche, among others. The former aligns with Socrates and innovatively updates his question for the present. The latter is ambivalent towards Socrates but ultimately labels him a decadent.

In the first part of the monograph, Patočka's characterization of human existence is presented, which he formulates as unified and morally firm. Patočka interprets the Socratic question as care for the soul, for its well-being, without deriving the concept of good from something positively defined but from the whole world, which can only be defined negatively due to its constant openness. This sphere of negativity is for Patočka something immensely positive because transcendence lifts humans from relative goods to the overall meaning, making them morally capable in the true sense. The good, i.e., the requirement for a surge, for a turn of humans from the world of things to the whole world, is for him a program that Socrates first formulated through his knowing ignorance.

The second part of the work is dedicated to Nietzsche's concept based on the non-unified nature of human existence, which is not derived from the whole world or overall meaning but from situational meaning. Nietzsche strives to prove that in every situation, human existence is exposed to two opposing perspectives, between which it is impossible to decide which is correct. He concludes that both perspectives are equally valid and mutually conditioned, meaning that the opposite of good, what threatens meaning, is a beneficial condition for situational meaning. He labels this level as immoral, as a sphere where human existence creates meaning outside the thinking of good and evil in opposition.

The conclusion of the work is open because, as it turns out, we do not have a common denominator that could decide on the correctness of one or the other concept. Precisely in this lies the fact that the Socratic question remains a serious philosophical problem even today.

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Ulrika Strömplová

The publication Deutsch (nicht nur) für Politologen addresses selected contemporary topics that can be effectively employed in the teaching of German as a foreign language and specialised German for students of political science, international relations, European public administration, and law.

The publication is designed as a teaching and study resource in the form of course materials that complement formal instruction. It offers a thematically structured core vocabulary, a systematic and clearly organised presentation of key thematic areas and problem domains, and a wide range of task types aimed not only at the acquisition of subject-specific knowledge but also at the development of professional and linguistic competences. Each thematic chapter is structured into three logically interconnected sections and is further supplemented by appendices containing additional materials, including games, case studies, and other practice-oriented tasks.

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Mikuláš Jančura - Maroš Melichárek (eds.)

The Student Scientific Conference is defined as a compulsory elective subject within the accredited study programs of the Department of History at the Faculty of Arts, UPJŠ. It was organized for the first time at the department in 2011.

The primary goal of this already traditional event is the presentation of partial results of student-authored research, primarily linked to selected factual parts or theoretical foundations of bachelor’s and master’s theses. This also explains the broad thematic spectrum of the internal content of each conference. Besides awarding credits for participation, the conference offers students a range of added values, which can be understood as its secondary objectives.

On this basis, as organizers, we considered it beneficial to qualitatively elevate the “round” anniversary edition of the Student Scientific Conference and give students the opportunity to publish their contributions. Within the submitted proceedings, 7 texts are published, of which 4 are from the bachelor’s level and 3 from the master’s level of study. The contributions cover a wider spectrum, mainly cultural-historical topics spanning from the Early Middle Ages to the second half of the 20th century, which also demonstrates the wide range of thesis topics processed at the department.

As organizers of the event, we have the ambition for publishing the proceedings to become as much a tradition as the Student Scientific Conference itself, as we consider this meaningful in relation to our work with students. Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to our colleague and friend Mgr. Henrich Hrehor, PhD., who has been the long-term main organizer and the “spiritual father” of the entire event since 2011. Thanks are also due to the head of the department for annual support and to the colleagues who undertook the reviewing of contributions within the submitted proceedings.

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Lívia Barnišinová

The scientific monograph "Spirituality in Slovak Realist and Modernist Literature" reevaluates interpretative approaches to the spiritual dimension in prose texts of Slovak literature from the realist and modernist periods. The author transcends stereotypical views on spirituality, often confined to religious themes, and advocates for an interdisciplinary approach and new methodological approaches in literary-critical research. The monograph focuses on literary characters and their spiritual dimension in connection with other compositional and semantic elements of literary texts. It does not offer a definitive view on the topic but aims to open discussion and highlight the need for a reassessment of the literary canon and the openness of artistic literature to multiple interpretations. The analysis of texts from Slovak realism and literary modernism demonstrated a differentiated spirituality and its artistic portrayal. The phenomenon of spirituality is present in the texts along the axis of explicitness - implicitness - latency and has its specific manifestation in shaping literary characters through psychologization, introspection, and spiritual depth.

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Juraj Schenk et al.

The scientific journal Sociálne a politické analýzy (Social and Political Analyses) serves as an interactive electronic platform for communication and the presentation (publication) of experts and their work in the fields of basic and applied research and analyses within sociological, psychological, political, and methodological contexts. It is a medium focused on intensively supporting research activities and analyses within an interdisciplinary framework, facilitating the exchange of experiences, fostering collaboration, and revitalizing the production of scientific work in this area.

The publication section of the journal offers space for works such as:

- Original sociological, psychological, and political studies and analyses in any areas of social life

- Methodological studies

- Research reports

- Studies from qualification theses Research and analysis projects

- Reviews

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Blanka Jenčíková - Ulrika Strömplová

Text book Betriebswirtschaft für Übersetzer. Lehr- und Übungsbuch is primarily intended for students of translation and interpreting who speak German at least at level B1 of the European Framework of Reference for Languages. The aim is to convey basic knowledge about business and entrepreneurship, to build a basic terminology database, to consolidate selected grammatical phenomena, and to develop translation procedures and strategies. The thematic areas were selected with regard to common translation and interpretation practice.

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Peter Fedorčák

When studying the Renaissance, researchers utilize various critical and core terms and concepts which it is necessary to characterize.

However, many such points, notably the following, are problematic: The relationship between the Renaissance and the antiquity; The connection with the Middle Ages; The transformation to Mannerism and Baroque; Realism and Secularism in Renaissance art; The individualism of the Renaissance artist; The reasons for the creation of Renaissance art in Italy, its determinants and stimulators; Distinguishing between the analysis of the genesis of the Renaissance and the analysis of the creation of the period’s art generally; Regional differences in Italy and their impact on the art; Chronological limits of the Renaissance and its milestones; The terms “Medieval Ages” and “Early Modern Period”; The impact, and its extent, of the artistic influences of the Byzantine, Gothic and Romanesque arts on the Renaissance. The term “Renaissance” itself, its content and existence, are also the subject of the discussion with students, alongside learning how such terms and definitions came about and continue to evolve, how they attain their content, how this content morphs in the historical discourse, what academical pluralism and freedom of thinking look like in the discourse led by historians, what the differences are between scientists and schools of thought on the same subject and how it is possible that they are so numerous.

The students will come to recognize the leading scholars in the field, and follow their arguments and methodological approaches. They shall be invited to closely trace and scrutinize the logic which those historians use in building their argumentation. It shall be seen that the freedom to create terms, concepts and new definitions cannot stand on an ignorance of the (historical) facts, as becomes clear with expanding knowledge of those historical facts, the variability of their interpretation growing in tandem. This approach, actually used across the whole range of seminars and lectures, shall drive discussion on the topics covered, students being invited to formulate their own theses and antitheses.

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Adriana Jesenková

The textbook "Literary Story as a Tool for Moral Education" aims to contribute to the preparation of future teachers of ethical education, as well as students from other fields, particularly in the humanities. It focuses on an area that remains trivialized and marginalized—gender-sensitive education and training. The author operates under the assumption that applying a gender-sensitive approach in education requires an understanding of what a gender perspective entails.

Experience from interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research, along with teaching experiences where ethical questions and themes—such as those related to gender, gender equality, gender justice, and gender relations—are presented, taught, and explored through various media or texts (not only traditional scientific and professional ones but also artistic, especially literary), inspired the author to present such an approach in a relatively coherent form.

This includes summarizing existing knowledge and experiences on the topic so that they can serve as a suitable starting point for enhancing the competencies of future teachers (not only) in ethical education when applying a gender-sensitive approach in education and teaching issues related to gender and gender relations in the context of applied ethics and ethical education.

Autor

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Ivica Hajdučeková

The second (supplemented and expanded) edition of the bilingual textbook Rodový aspekt v slovenskej literatúre na prelome 19. a 20. storočia (Interpretačné etudy) / Gender Perspectives in the Slovak Literature of the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries (Interpretation Studies) offers to a wider range of recipients – students of Teaching of Academic Subjects and teachers in practice – a didactic transformation of current research issues (supported by e-literacy using online approaches and QR codes), which was developed in cooperation with the School of Applied Arts in Košice (since 2019/20 the so-called School of Art Industry) ) in the academic year 2018/2019.

Professional cooperation within the KEGA project No. 008UPJŠ-4/2017 – Science Without Barriers (Interdisciplinary Inspirations of Contemporary Literary Scholarship and Linguistics in Educational Practice at University) with teacher of Slovak Language and Literature, PaedDr. Jana Valicová, and Mgr. Renáta Novotná Markovičová of ŠUP took place in project teaching. It yielded results in two interdisciplinary outcomes:

1. Creation of the Literary Lounge in the Student Café Minerva in the premises of the UPJŠ Faculty of Arts;

2. Illustrations of the 2nd edition of the textbook Gender Aspect in the Slovak Literature at the Turn of the 19th and the 20th Centuries (2019).

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Juraj Schenk a kol.

The scientific journal Sociálne a politické analýzy (Social and Political Analyses) serves as an interactive electronic platform for communication and the presentation (publication) of experts and their work in the fields of basic and applied research and analyses within sociological, psychological, political, and methodological contexts. It is a medium focused on intensively supporting research activities and analyses within an interdisciplinary framework, facilitating the exchange of experiences, fostering collaboration, and revitalizing the production of scientific work in this area.

The publication section of the journal offers space for works such as:

- Original sociological, psychological, and political studies and analyses in any areas of social life

- Methodological studies

- Research reports

- Studies from qualification theses Research and analysis projects

- Reviews

Download the e-journal for free (pdf)