Psychológia osobnosti

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Milena Barinková (ed.)

The complex of legal norms protecting work, ensuring safety and health protection at work, is very broad in scope, extending beyond the Labour Code to include other specific legal regulations, collective agreements, executive legal regulations, and internal corporate normative acts.

Health protection of employees from hazardous workplace influences is a central requirement stemming from fundamental human rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. To ensure its universal enforcement across all employers in both private and public sectors, strict regulation through cogent norms is fully justified. The European Commission’s Communication to the European Parliament, Council, European Economic and Social Committee, and Committee of the Regions on the EU Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2014–2020 (COM(2014) 332 final) addresses the need to account for labor market changes arising from demographic shifts, aging populations, and technological advancements.

Work pace demands are intensifying, and all age categories of employees must adapt to new technologies, organizational changes, and evolving job structures. This increases requirements for maintaining health fitness throughout entire professional careers. Mental health fitness, which receives insufficient specific attention, is an inherent part of health fitness requirements. Prevention plays a critical role in mental health protection.

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Silvia Kontírová a kol.

Pedagogical practice is an organizational form of higher education training for prospective teachers, implemented through mandatory pedagogical practice subjects.

These subjects have an integrative and practical-training character, building upon the theoretical and practical instruction provided to students at the faculty. They are conducted within the scope defined by curricula in the conditions of specialized workplaces (training schools) and under the supervision of qualified professionals (training teachers). Unlike other higher education subjects, pedagogical practice primarily provides students with opportunities for independent creative teaching in real school environments.

The practical activities of students in training schools are characterized as supervised, monitored, and evaluated by designated entities.

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Ladislav Lovaš - Margita Mesárošová (eds.)

Over the past two decades, psychologists have shown increased interest in the issues of self-regulation and self-control. The prepared publication is, in a sense, part of this process. Its foundation was the conference "Psychological Aspects of Self-Regulation and Its Contexts," held on October 14–15, 2010, in Košice. The event was organized by the Department of Psychology and the Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology at the Faculty of Arts, P. J. Šafárik University.

The publication of a collection of scientific papers with the same title fulfills the aim of presenting oral presentations and posters in an expanded form. The contributions are thematically divided into three sections: "Self-Control and Its Contexts," "Coping with Problematic Situations," and "Personality and Risk Behavior."

The publication and the conference that served as its basis were supported by the grant agency VEGA of the Ministry of Education and the Slovak Academy of Sciences as part of projects 1/0785/09 "Personal and Situational Factors of Self-Control" and 1/0310/10 "Social-Psychological Determinants of Healthy Psychosocial Development and Realization of Developmental Potential in Gifted and Disadvantaged Children and Adolescents."

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Jozef Kafka

Behavior, in the slovak language expressed as an intention, belongs to basic mental processes of every individual. In this work I consider it as the basic component of an individual having two sides, outer- and inner side. I present it in the scheme No. 2.

The problem of behavior can not be fully covered, although there is a lot of writing, discussing and experimenting by ancient time.

The work may offer only few comments, approaching maily disorders of behavior. I present the original explanation of these disorders, dividing them on primary and derived ones. Primary disorders create the core of the disorder, derived disorders create a component of other disorders.

My classification of primary disorders is as follows:

1. age dependent disorders of behavior
2. disorders in the dynamical structure and in phases of behavior
3. integrative disorders of behavior, disorders of the will, which is the sign of the developed behavior of the individual.

The work is addresses to everone who is interested in his/her owm behavior, but especially for the Medical faculty and psychiatrists, for students of all our faculties.

Author 

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Silvia Kontírová a kol.

This revised and supplemented text aims to be a comprehensible and practical aid for students of the Master's degree in teaching academic subjects at the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Applied Sciences in Košice taking compulsory courses in pedagogical practice.

Its general part deals with the mission, primary human factors, types and forms of pedagogical practice as one of the compulsory organizational forms of teacher studies and specifics of pedagogical practice in the conditions of UPJŠ.

The special part contains basic information and compulsory documentation of trainees on chronologically arranged types of pedagogical practice at UPJŠ. The authors would be grateful if you would point out any errors and shortcomings of the text to them via e-mail silvia.kontirova@upjs.sk.

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Dagmar Kožinová

Tato kniha je určena všem, kdo se právě rozcházejí nebo jsou krátce po rozchodu a stále se nemohou s novou realitou smířit, případně je ve starém vztahu něco drží i po několika letech. Autorka ukazuje, jak projít rozchodovým procesem až do jeho skutečného ukončení a jak se na celou situaci podívat s jistým nadhledem. Přijmout rozchod, prožít emoce, zpracovat je, odrazit se ode dna a jít v životě dál. A také se poučit z chyb, zamyslet se nad tím, co vztah člověku dal i vzal.

V knize najdete dostatek podnětů k zamyšlení nejen nad sebou a rozchodem, ale rovněž i nad novými začátky. Inspirujete se pomocí doporučení, jak neztrácet víru, naději a důvěru v budoucnost. I po rozchodu totiž může být vše v pořádku. A dokonce může být váš život daleko lepší než dřív. 

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Lenka Lukáčová - Eva Žiaková

The burnout syndrome in the simplest sense is a state of total physical and psychological exhaustion. Its cyclical course may be misleading, often underestimated and neglected on the part of a burned-out individual, as well as by its surroundings. The neglection of warning signals strengthens the field of its occurrence and impact.

Monography is one of the methods with which we strive to draw attention to the problem of burnout syndrome in the performance of a helping profession. Based on this, we have focused on determining the frequency of occurrence of burnout syndrome in assisting professions based on predetermined risk factors (specific profesion, length of practice, motivators) in order to verify, confirm or refute  predefined factors. The subject of this research was also to examine the correlation between the aforementioned factors, the quality of professional life and the strategies for managing stress and stress situations.

The monography is intended for helping profesions e.g. social workers, nurses, doctors etc. We also believe that, this monography will be also benefit for a wider range of helping professions, as well for all those involved in the his problematics.

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Daniela Husárová

There is still little complete information about the system of care for adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems, especially in Slovakia.

Therefore, the main aim of this publication is to summarize and present current findings of the Care4Youth project, not only about the system, but also about the role of particular actors involved in the care of these adolescents, including family, professionals and schools.

In the chapters, we take a closer look at the cooperation of all involved actors and, from the point of view of care providers from different types of institutions, we will describe all barriers that negatively affect adequate and effective help as well as suggestions how the identified barriers could be eliminated.

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Renáta Orosová - Katarína Petríková - Lucia Diheneščíková

Based on the analysis of self-reflection competences in future teachers, opinions of the mentor teachers and their recommendations and the set of pupil-oriented and educational process-oriented competences, a protocol for using self-reflection methods has been created. More precisely, it is a self-reflection teaching diary. It is an innovative method of self-reflection competence development in teaching students in their practical specialized preparation, particularly the self-reflective observation practice and conversation.

The Self-Reflection Teaching Diary is the outcome of the VVGS “Innovation in self-reflection competence development teaching methods in the practical specialized training of future teachers” grant project solving. It is an innovative and creative text-based tool not only for teaching students but also for university teachers specializing in their practical preparation as well as mentor teachers in primary and secondary schools. Its English version can be used by teaching students on their study stays abroad. It is also a transparent and unified tool in the practical preparation of future teachers aiming at the development of their self-reflection competences.

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Naděžda Špatenková - Martina Friedlová

Předkládaná monografie přináší základní poznatky o truchlení dětí a dospívajících. Prožitek ztráty je univerzální lidská zkušenost, v současné společnosti je přesto tématem spíše vytěsňovaným. Děti a dospívající zažívají celou řadu ztrát, jako je ztráta blízkého člověka, rodiče či sourozence. Přirozenou reakcí na jakoukoliv ztrátu je smutek a truchlení, které mají řadu dopadů na duševní i somatické zdraví dětí, na jejich emoční prožívání i vztahy s druhými.

Kniha popisuje projevy truchlení u dětí a dospívajících, determinanty truchlení a rizikové faktory a komentuje často rozšířené mýty o jejich truchlení. Zvláštní pozornost je věnována možnostem podpory adaptivního truchlení dětí a dospívajících, a to jak ze strany rodičů, tak ze strany odborníků v pomáhajících profesích. V publikaci jsou prezentovány výsledky originálního výzkumu, zaměřeného na vlastní zkušenost rodičů s truchlením jejich dětí po smrti sourozence.

Publikace je určena jak pro rodiče a blízké dětí, které prožily závažnou ztrátu, tak pro odborníky v pomáhajících profesích, psychology, pedagogy, poradce pro pozůstalé, a pro odborníky dalších profesí, kteří se věnují zdravotní a sociální péči o děti a dospívající.

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Monika Hricová

Despite the fact that a psychologist may have a good moral background, it is necessary for everyone to know and act in accordance with ethical professional principles in order not to harm the clients with whom they work in the course of psychological practice. There are many case studies in the professional literature that describe serious situations of violations of psychological ethics. On the one hand, they depict conscious professional misconduct or ignorance. On the other hand, they have contributed to the introduction of even legal standards for the ethical behavior of psychologists as professionals. Completion of a course or training in the topic of psychological ethics is required by several professional associations abroad, especially in the last years of undergraduate studies. Their goal is to supervise the quality and preparation of future psychologists. The university textbook Do I Have It or Not: Ethics in Psychological Practice provides a summary of essential information on the ethics of conducting psychological practice, the boundaries of the relationship with the client, and the rules of confidentiality. The goal is not for the student, as a future psychologist, to know ethical rules word for word, but for them to be sufficiently ethically sensitive.

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Mária Bačíková - Anna Janovská

The textbook "Foundations of Methodology in Pedagogical-Psychological Research" is primarily intended for students of teaching academic subjects, but it will enrich anyone who needs to familiarize themselves with research methodology focusing on psychological and pedagogical sciences. In the textbook, students become acquainted with the basic principles of conducting research, the process of research implementation, and the basic methods of quantitative or qualitative approaches. The examples used in the textbook are mostly focused on research conducted in a school environment.

By mastering the basic knowledge presented in the textbook, the reader will be able to conduct simple research in school conditions. At the same time, understanding the principles of research methodology helps with the critical evaluation of information from various sources. In preparing the textbook, we utilized our long-term experience with teaching the subject of research methodology, as well as with implementing many research projects. We believe that the simple language of the textbook and the abundance of practical examples will help students understand the basics of such complex issues as research methodology.

We would like to take this opportunity to thank the students of the Faculty of Arts and Natural Sciences at P. J. Šafárik University in Košice who attended the course "Foundations of Methodology in Pedagogical-Psychological Research" in the previous academic year for their inspiration, constructive comments on previous versions of the text, and ideas (or mistakes) that we drew upon in the textbook. We also thank other students who allowed us to use examples from their final theses in the textbook. The conclusion of the work is open because, as it turns out, we do not have a common denominator for both concepts that could decide on the correctness of one or the other concept. It is precisely in this that the Socratic question remains a serious philosophical problem today.

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Ján Hvozdík

With great interest, I read the proposal for the reissue of the monograph by Prof. PhDr. Ján Hvozdík, DrSc., Základy školskej psychológie (Foundations of School Psychology). It was an honor for me to be part of the editorial board for the new edition of the textbook.

The reissue comes at a time when school psychology seems to be experiencing a renaissance in its application. This is no coincidence, as the professor’s conception of school psychology as a theoretical-applied and integrated psychological discipline strives not only directly but also indirectly, through the pedagogical practice of teachers, to influence specific situations in educational practice within the school environment. From my perspective, I also appreciate the attention given in the textbook to the ever-relevant topic of self-directed learning, that is, the autodidactics of pupils and students. School psychology has become a core subject, within which its specializations are also realized.

It is worth mentioning the fact that, under the conditions of totalitarianism, the professor was not a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and yet he made significant contributions to the development of school counseling, both in theory and in practice, which commands respect and admiration. The reissue of the textbook is not an apology but rather a celebration of his positive contributions.

prof. PhDr. Ján Grác, DrSc.

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Miroslav Orel a kolektív

Jak vypadají a fungují naše nervové buňky? Z jakých částí se skládá mozek, mícha a periferní nervy? Souvisí náš mozek s tím, kým jsme a jací jsme? Jaké máme v současnosti možnosti vyšetření? Lze nějak ovlivnit naše nervové buňky a celý nervový systém? Jak vnímáme smyslové informace, kudy se dostávají do mozku a kam v něm putují? Pokud si kladete tyto a podobné otázky (nebo vás zajímají), kniha je určena právě vám.

Publikace pojednává o stavbě, funkci, vývoji, možnostech vyšetření i ovlivnění nervového systému. Jeho integrální součást – mozek – má přímý vztah k psychické, vztahové i spirituální stránce a dotýká se tak všech rovin lidského bytí. 

Text vychází ze soudobých poznatků lékařské vědy, ale nezabíhá do medicínských podrobností a detailů, které nejsou pro cílovou skupinu čtenářů nutné. Klade důraz na propojení nervového systému (zejména mozku) s psychikou člověka a jeho životem. Zahrnuta je rovněž oblast smyslů a smyslového vnímání. Text publikace je bohatě ilustrován a doplněn fotografiemi a snímky z lékařských vyšetření.

Předložené poznatky soudobých neurověd jsou bezesporu nedílnou a zároveň smysluplnou součástí studia psychologie, pedagogiky, sociální práce a dalších humanitních (nelékařských) oborů. Jelikož je text psán srozumitelnou a názornou formou, může uspokojit i zájemce o daná studia nebo čtenáře z řad širší veřejnosti. 

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Eliška Župová et al.

Research into justice in public administration organizations has not yet been conducted in Slovakia, not even in the scope of respondents addressed. Therefore, we consider the project cross-sectional, current, and beneficial for deeper exploration of this area.

The project is designed as interdisciplinary, combining insights from legal perspectives in defining justice from labor law aspects, psychological and ethical evaluations of fairness levels, and knowledge from public administration management fields.

The inspiration for selecting this topic stems from its academic relevance, confirmed by both domestic and international studies, as well as its public relevance, where laypeople most intensely perceive justice/injustice in relation to remuneration and appropriate labor-law conditions – exemplified by teachers’ strikes (2003, 2006, 2016), nurses’ strikes (2003, 2006, 2012, 2016), ŽSR employees’ strikes (2003), and doctors’ strikes (2011).

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Lukáš Šutor (ed.)

Contributions in the field of psychology address current issues such as normative beliefs and attitudes regarding alcohol consumption, the characteristics of loneliness, questions of pupil personality and the perception of teachers’ interaction styles. They also consider hyperexcitability (excessive psychological excitability), research theorems on injustice, and fundamental concepts and their theoretical connections in the field of self-regulation research within the context of executive functions.

In philosophy, the authors focus on selected aspects of works belonging to major currents of world philosophy (Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Plotinus, Descartes, Patočka).

In literary studies (Slovak studies), the topics include modeling the theme of death in prose texts, the depiction of technological progress in space science fiction films, and the translation work of K. Strmeň, Návštevy (Anthology of World Lyric Poetry).

In the field of social work, the authors present contributions on current trends in preventing burnout syndrome in helping professions, the use of logotherapy in foster care, certain factors enabling the emergence, development, and spread of socially pathological phenomena (“cyberbullying”), religiosity and the value of human life, and an empirical analysis of the competencies of social workers in institutional care for people with intellectual disabilities.

The political science contribution analyzes selected institutions and documents within the European system of human rights protection, while the British and American studies paper examines the relationship between metaphor and metonymy in the interpretation of the meaning of new English compounds.

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