Emoční poruchy v dětství a dospívání

E-book

Jozef Bavoľár

Decision-making is an everyday activity for us, whether it involves decisions about routine matters such as what to have for breakfast or more significant choices like selecting a career after finishing school. Due to the far-reaching consequences that a single decision can have on our entire lives, this area has received considerable attention in psychology. After all, the classic goals of psychology—describing, explaining, and predicting human behavior—are essentially attempts to understand decision-making and identify and describe the factors influencing it. Fundamental psychological disciplines such as the psychology of emotions and motivation, cognitive psychology, social psychology, and personality psychology all strive to achieve this understanding.

The presented text primarily adopts a cognitive approach, focusing on the processes of information processing and utilization. Since there are very few events in the future we can be completely certain about, key concepts include terms expressing uncertainty about the future, such as uncertainty, risk, objective probability, and subjective probability.

The central question thus lies in processing information from the environment and utilizing it in the decision-making process.

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E-book

Margita Mesárošová - Jozef Bavoľár - Miriam Slavkovská 

The current situation in the world education system, which declares the need to educate students for knowledge society, for improving the graduate employability is behind the motivation of authors to address competencies and key competencies for the knowledge society.

The authors present theoretical and empirical investigations based on the application of scientific methods of competency assessment and the use of contemporary scientific paradigms. The starting point is the concept of competencies in the context of current approaches of scientific psychology, which resonates in the official documents of the European Union and has been elaborated and enriched by the authors. The monograph focuses on a selected set of competencies, namely: competence to act as a self-regulated person, self-development, decision-making competencies, social and metacognitive competencies in the context of motivation. Knowledge about nature, the structure of competencies are presented, as well as their relations with personal and environmental variables.

The effort of the authors is also aimed at making available knowledge about the possibilities of assessing these competencies using current methods. Authors communicate the results of the creation and verification of competency assessment methods. The implementation of the research results presented in the monograph is perspective in the education and counseling of the target group of university students.

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Alena Plháková

Psychologie citlivě reaguje na předmět svého vědeckého zkoumání, kterým je lidská mysl a její proměny v prudce se vyvíjejícím světě. Údaje, které dříve nashromáždila, například o lidské sexualitě, motivaci nebo o rozdílech mezi muži a ženami, nezůstávají trvale platné, takže neustále vznikají její nové koncepty, směry a metodologické přístupy.
   
Na dějinách psychologie se tak lze poučit nejen o proměnlivosti psychologického vědění, ale i o jeho závislosti na dobovém kulturním kontextu. Kniha mapuje vznik a vnitřní diferenciaci oboru a jeho hlavní směry ve 20. století (behaviorismus, gestaltismus, dynamická, fenomenologická, transpersonální, kognitivní psychologie, systémové teorie aj.). Stranou nezůstaly ani postmoderní proudy v současné psychologii (feministická, diskurzivní či kritická psychologie).

Každá z kapitol obsahuje stručnou charakteristiku či základní myšlenkové paradigma příslušného vývojového období, životní příběhy a hlavní myšlenky jeho významných představitelů. Jednotlivá témata jsou uspořádána přehledně a čtivě.

Nové vydání bylo obohaceno o řadu nově dostupných pramenů, díky nimž bylo možné doplnit jak pojednání o novodobých směrech v psychologii (neogestaltismus, psychologie já, teorie sociálních reprezentací, sociální konstrukcionismus a další), tak o řadě osobností poslední doby.

Publikace je určena všem studentům psychologie a ostatních humanitních oborů a také zájemcům o psychologii z řad širší veřejnosti.

E-book

Ondrej Kalina

The publication provides a systematic overview of the core models of systemic therapy and its theoretical as well as practical foundations. The opening chapters of the textbook outline the historical development of psychotherapeutic approaches and the shift toward the systemic paradigm, which emphasizes the importance of relationships, context, and circularity in understanding psychological phenomena.

The core of the text focuses on the philosophical foundations of systemic therapy, particularly general systems theory, cybernetics, constructivism, and social constructionism, all of which have significantly shaped the understanding of reality, knowledge, and the therapeutic process. Subsequent chapters address biological and social foundations, including the concepts of autopoiesis, cognition, and communication, and their relevance to the functioning of social systems. The publication further elaborates on the practical implications of these theoretical frameworks, especially in relation to causality, language, and the construction of social reality. Systemic understanding of problems is presented as a dynamic and relational process maintained through interactional patterns within the system.

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