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Diana Treščáková - Regina Hučková (eds.)

Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 
October 23–24, 2025, Štrbské Pleso - Vysoké Tatry, Slovakia

Publication Law Business Economy XIV. is collection of international scientific works which contains scientific contributions of wide variety of branches of law, as well as related fields of scientific expertise. Among areas of issues which were discussed in this publication are questions of civil, commercial, competition, intellectual property, arbitration and corporate law, as well as other partial areas, including scientific works dealing with business and IT law. Entire publication is significant with richness of scientific contributions from various jurisdictions, because of renowed authors from various countries. Apart from theoretical contribution and expansion of current state of the art in submitted interdisciplinary area, solutions to legal problems were formulated at de lege ferenda level.

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Kristián Csach - Dušan Rostáš (eds.)

Proceedings of the 2nd Student Symposium on Company Law In November 2014

The second annual Student Symposium on Commercial Law—more specifically, on Company Law—was held at the university’s facility in Danišovce. As in the previous year, the aim of the symposium was to provide students with a greater opportunity to articulate their own perspectives on current legal issues and to present the results of their individual work.

The theme of the second symposium focused on the governing bodies of commercial companies, aligning it thematically with the APVV research project being carried out by members of the Department of Commercial and Economic Law at our Faculty of Law. This overarching topic made it possible to assign a range of current legal issues, allowing students to explore problems they are likely to encounter in their future professional practice. The selected topics are not among those unanimously settled by legal doctrine or established case law.

On the contrary, they were deliberately chosen for their complexity and the lack of sufficient domestic literature. As a result, students had to go beyond standard textbook or commentary-based knowledge to thoroughly address their assigned topics.

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Dušan Šlosár - Vladimír Lichner

This university textbook aims to provide readers with knowledge of the philosophical foundations, meaning, and purpose of mediation, based on research and analysis of mediators' activities. In countries where mediation services operate, their staff often include graduates of social work departments.

An individual approach to both the perpetrator and victim of a criminal offense requires knowledge and skills from social work, psychology, sociology, communication, and related fields tied to social work. The principles of social work apply not only in social policy and social care but also in justice. A mediator’s mission is to facilitate alternative resolutions to unlawful acts while preserving the purpose of legal proceedings as defined by valid legal norms. They fulfill this mission through specific methods of individual social work applied in the justice sector. The mediator’s focus extends beyond the current conflict to uncover related issues, activate parties to resolve disputes, and prevent new conflicts.

Special attention is devoted to the philosophical foundations of mediation in Slovakia. We provide an overview of mediators’ core activities and mediation types used to uphold justice in Slovakia. We analyze mediation goals, the roles of parties involved, and procedural steps. In applying mediation, we explore its potential and implementation in both legal and social work contexts.

As indicated, mediation cannot be understood solely as a specialized activity in criminal justice, as it has broader applications in non-judicial dispute resolution, such as family or community work, which are often overlooked by the public. The mediator’s approach to diverse target groups is grounded in theoretical frameworks. From this foundation, we derive activities expected of mediators in the future. Expanded activities arise from concrete situations encountered during mediation.

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Radomír Jakab - Tibor Seman - Lukáš Jančát

The concept of a transterritorial administrative act is relatively new in administrative law, especially in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. It has practical applicability to the application of European Union law (including international law). Its essence lies in the fact that the effects of such an administrative act issued within one Member State exceed the territory of that Member State, have effects in other Member States, in all Member States of the European Union without being subject to the recognition process.

The purpose of the monograph is to present outputs of the scientific examination of this type of administrative acts, the definition of its characteristics and its effects, the examination of the possibilities of procedural defense against its effects by the State concerned, and possibly the possibility of unifying the action of the Member States of the European Union in case of procedural defense against the effects of transterritorial administrative acts. The monograph also contains analysis of certain types of transterrritorial administrative acts that are commonly used in the conditions of the European union and Slovak republic; they are also categorized under specific criteria.,

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Karin Cakoci et al.

The authors in the monograph focused on describing the genesis and current state of the legal regulation of consumption taxes in the Slovak Republic in interaction with the harmonization process, as well as identifying the mutual dependence of the legal regulation and revenues from consumption taxation on the effect on the state budget of the Slovak Republic.

Given the importance and justification of the researched issue, particularly in relation to the future functioning of the European Union, as well as the impact on the performance of the economies of individual member states, with an emphasis on the development and quality functioning of the single internal market, the authors, through the publication of the monograph, attempt to provoke a broader professional discussion about their own summarized presented results, which were obtained during the entire period of solving the scientific project, concerning current trends as well as perspectives in the field of EU tax policy and its influence on domestic tax legislation in the Slovak Republic in the area of consumption taxes in interaction with budgetary impacts.

The overall goal of the monograph is to present existing and own acquired knowledge related to the issue of consumption taxes in Slovakia, with an emphasis on the development of EU initiatives in this area, as well as a critical evaluation of their impact on the state budget of the Slovak Republic, and presenting possible future developments.

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Alexander Bröstl - Marta Breichová Lapčáková (eds.)

Under the auspices of the Institute of Legal Theory of Gustav Radbruch and the Slovak Section of the International Association for Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (IVR), a 3D flash conference was held on May 16, 2019, at the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice. This event was primarily dedicated to the upcoming 29th World Congress of IVR in Lucerne, Switzerland. In line with the main theme of the congress, the conference focused on "Dignity, Democracy, Diversity." At the time of the conference, it was clear that the number of participants at the world congress would significantly exceed 1,000, with discussions taking place in 151 special workshops and 28 working groups.

During the congress, a round table was also announced featuring Professor Brian Tamanaha, recipient of the IVR award for best book for "Realistic Theory of Law" (Cambridge 2017), a meeting regarding the IVR Encyclopedia, a panel on academic freedom issues, and a gathering of chairs from national sections of IVR.

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Žofia Mrázová (ed.)

Proceedings of Contributions from the V. Student Symposium on Commercial Law

The proceedings are the result of student works presented at the fifth annual student symposium organized by the Department of Commercial Law and Economic Law, Faculty of Law, UPJŠ in Košice, which took place on November 30 – December 1, 2017, at the UPJŠ educational and training facility in Danišovce.

This year’s symposium focused on problematic issues related to creditor rights protection in commercial contractual relationships.

The purpose of these annually organized symposia is to provide students with a platform to present their own opinions and improve their analytical and argumentation skills.

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Ľudmila Pošiváková -  Zuzana Antošová - Milan Kočan (eds.)

Proceedings from the Student Debate held on April 24, 2013, at the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

In the current period, the rule of law is widely debated both at the academic and political levels. This debate is not only related to the effort to establish the Rule of Law in states that have transitioned from socialist to democratic systems but also in states experiencing various unrests, whether political or religious.

However, it is not just a debate about certain characteristics of the Rule of Law that are missing in domestic law or at the level of international law, but also a debate about the very definition and meaning of the Rule of Law. The rule of law can be likened to an ideal that almost every state strives to achieve. Even in the case of the establishment of the independent Slovak Republic, the framers decided to include among the introductory provisions, which should form the core of the constitution, that the Slovak Republic is a state governed by the rule of law.

However, to achieve the ideal of the rule of law, it is necessary not only to declare it but also to adopt measures essential for an independent judiciary, democracy, the effective enforcement of human rights, the separation of powers, and many other elements that characterize a state governed by the rule of law.

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Adam Giertl (ed.)

Proceedings from the VII. annual student symposium on international law held on April 11-12, 2014 at the UPJŠ training facility in Danišovce

Despite this, flying and space travel are now a common part of human civilization. What is the role of law in this process? This is the question posed by the organizers of the VII. annual student symposium on international law, aiming to evaluate the contribution of international law in the field of aviation and space flights, especially in light of current developments.

The individual topics were tackled by second, third, and higher-year students of the Faculty of Law at UPJŠ in Košice. The result of their work on the assigned topics, which the authors could consult with members of the Institute of European Law and the Department of International Law, is the presented work.

The proceedings are thematically divided into two parts. The first part acquaints the reader with selected topics related to aviation law, and the second part is dedicated to international space law.

With its focus, the proceedings also have a broader impact, as in some aspects it fits into the broader context of research conducted at the Institute of European Law and the Department of International Law, which focuses on examining the influence of regionalism on general international law and vice versa. This issue is also reflected in the topics of the individual contributions.

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Jana Žuľová(ed.)

Proceedings from the 1st Annual Student Symposium on Labor Law held on April 8–9, 2016 in Danišovce

Discussions on the topic of privacy are currently very topical and interesting. The advancement and progress of technology have added a new dimension to individual privacy. With the use of modern electronic devices, terms such as precious commodity, chimera, or illusion are increasingly associated with privacy. Workplaces have not remained immune to modernization either. Machines are replacing human labor, programming and planning the production process, but also controlling, monitoring, and recording the fulfillment of assigned work tasks.

The availability of technology and its implementation in employers’ operations intrude upon the personal and private sphere of employees, which is an inherent part of every person’s life and does not remain left behind the doors of the workplace. Proper and correct use of monitoring mechanisms by employers means not only mastering their technical installation at the workplace and covering the associated financial costs, but also respecting the privacy of employees.

It cannot be overlooked that the right to privacy is among the fundamental human rights and freedoms, enjoying the corresponding characteristics (inalienability, non-transferability, irrevocability, etc.) and appropriate legal protection. And even though it is not absolute and may be suspended in favor of another right (especially the employer’s right to protect their property), every intervention—such as comprehensive camera surveillance, monitoring of phone calls, email correspondence, blocking certain websites, etc.—always has adverse consequences for the privacy of the employee.

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Adrián Popovič  - Jozef Sábo

Reviewed proceedings from the student symposium organized on the occasion of IV. Slovak-Czech days of tax law.

The International Scientific Conference IV. Slovak-Czech days of tax law was held 16th - 18th June 2021 in Košice (Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice). On this occasion, a student symposium on the topic: "Current Challenges of Tax Law" was organized for students of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Faculty of Law in Košice on 15th June 2021. The focus of the symposium was chosen due to the content of the grant project APVV-19-0124 entitled "Tax law and new phenomena in the economy (digital services, shared economy, virtual currencies)", which is currently being addressed at the Department of Financial Law, Tax Law and Economy, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice. The output of this symposium is a reviewed proceeding of papers, in which students focus on examining the current challenges of tax law. In this context, students examine not only the current challenges in the field of real estate tax and the introduction of taxation based on their market value of real estate, the decision-making of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of direct taxation and indirect taxation, but also new and extremely current taxation issues of cryptoactive (virtual currency) taxation, not only in the Slovak Republic but also in the world. The authors also assess in detail the current situation in the research area, and they also present de lege ferenda proposals that could contribute to the development and improvement of several aspects of taxation, which is a benefit not only for legal science but also for application practice.

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Peter Molnár - Viktória Koľveková - Miroslava Kušníriková - Renáta Romanová - Lukáš Macko (eds.)

Recenzovaný zborník vedeckých prác z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie Košické dni súkromného práva IV., ktorá sa konala v dňoch 15. až 17. júna 2022, je čiastkovým výstupom riešenia grantovej úlohy projektu schváleného Vedeckou grantovou agentúrou Ministerstva školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky a Slovenskej akadémie vied pod registračným číslom 1/0765/20 s názvom „Ochrana ľudských hodnôt v súkromnom práve v kontexte moderných trendov a prebiehajúcej rekodifikácie súkromného práva“.

Predkladaný zborník vedeckých prác je výstupom zo 4. ročníka medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie Košické dni súkromného práva IV. organizovanej Katedrou občianskeho práva, Právnickej fakulty UPJŠ v Košiciach. Publikačné výstupy autorov sú tematicky orientované najmä na výskumný projekt VEGA č. 1/0765/20 "Ochrana ľudských hodnôt v súkromnom práve v kontexte moderných trendov a prebiehajúcej rekodifikácie súkromného práva" riešený organizátormi konferencie. Jednotlivé príspevky sú rozdelené do troch sekcií – občianske právo hmotné, civilné právo procesné, právo duševného vlastníctva. Rozdelenie sekcií reflektuje na jednotlivé výskumné oblasti vymedzené v rámci projektu.

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Radomír Jakab-Diana Repiščáková-Eva Berníková

Collection of contributions from the international scientific conference was created as part of the international scientific conference entitled "Administrative law without borders" held on October 19 and 20, 2023 in Tokaj in connection with the solution of the scientific project entitled "Extraterritorial effects of foreign administrative decisions in the conditions of the European Union " supported by a grant from the Scientific Grant Agency under no. 01/187/2022. The main goal of the mentioned project is the scientific investigation of the extraterritorial impact of administrative decisions of the member states of the European Union on the territory of other member states for the purpose of knowledge as well as the subsequent assessment of the need and extent of harmonization of the legislation of the member states of the European Union, perceiving the growing necessity of increasing the degree of free movement of administrative decisions in the conditions of the European of the Union. As part of the research project, an international scientific conference was held under the title "Administrative Law without Borders". At the conference, contributions were presented by members of the investigative team, who are also members of the Department of Constitutional Law and Administrative Law of the Faculty of Law of the University of Pavel Jozef Šafárik in Košice, as well as their colleagues from all over Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary. The main goal of the conference was the presentation and confrontation of knowledge in the field of cross-border effects of administrative acts (primarily in the conditions of the European Union), perceiving the increasingly increasing globalization of law, as a result of which it is no longer possible to perceive national law separately, but in mutual contexts with the legal systems of other states , or with the right of transnational, or international organizations, as well as obligations arising for individual states from concluded international agreements. Individual sections and blocks of the conference also corresponded to this goal, within which not only knowledge from positive-legal disciplines, but also knowledge of a theoretical-legal and historical-legal nature was heard.

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Erik Štenpien

This university textbook named "The World History of State and Law" serve as teaching aid to Students of 1. year-class of Faculty of Law. He addicted to history of state and law of oriental despoties and chosen states of ancient Greece. Exactly interpreted the law history of medieval and feudal states and cities and institutes of medieval law with the accent to civil law. Next he interpreted the history of constitutions of the european states (Netherland, Poland, Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy) and USA, also the modern law of 19. Century. A special chapter deals with the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and the system of treaties adopted during it.

At the end he interpreted the legal history of chosen states of Europe and USA - state system with the accent to type of the regime (democracy, dictature).

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Milena Barinková (ed.)

Proceedings from the IV Annual Student Symposium on Labor Law held on April 5–6, 2019, in Danišovce

The term "Industrial Revolution 4.0" is currently widely used, yet remains mysterious and its content unfamiliar to many. While we do not claim omniscience, through the educational process at the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and the scientific research of the Department of Labor Law and Social Security Law, we have delved into examining the accompanying features and anticipated phenomena of this modern industrial revolution.

It can be stated with great certainty that this revolution already affects—and will continue to affect—production processes, including radical changes in their structure, the emergence of groundbreaking technological and communication tools, and, undoubtedly, labor relations. The rise of new forms and methods of work based on automation and digitalization, applied within new models of labor relations, is beginning to threaten jobs in certain sectors of the economy. There is an increasing demand for specialized qualifications and skills, particularly in information technology, with an emphasis on process digitalization, data processing, and the creation of communication networks connecting objects and people. This intelligent industry inevitably disqualifies many existing jobs from their current structures, leading to job losses for numerous employees. Analysts openly predict that by 2030, robots will replace up to 20 million industrial jobs worldwide.

The vision of which occupations or working conditions will be impacted is becoming increasingly concrete. Radical changes will require radical solutions as well as previously unknown movements and new elements or measures in the labor market.

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Marcel Dolobáč - Ľuboš Dobrovič - Ivan Kundrát

Hypothesis, disposition, sanction. The standard tripartite structure of a legal norm, which is taught to first-year law students. Three concepts that students undoubtedly master from their perspective, yet they simultaneously challenge legal science, which repeatedly revisits them. The publication does not aim to theoretically address all aspects of the legal norm; it focuses solely on one of them, and as the title suggests, that is the sanction.

The monograph has been developed by three authors, whose contributions are equal; they engaged in debates and often could not reach a consensus. We hope that the reader will also join this debate and that the presented monograph will inspire further reflection and scientific activity.

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