Implementácia iniciatív EÚ v oblasti spotrebných daní a ich rozpočtovo-právne dopady

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Dominika Kováčová- Lucia Pištejová- Ivan Vaňa

The present monograph deals with the post-war settlement of relations and peace negotiations related to the settlement of the borders of the newly established Czechoslovak Republic. The work discusses in detail the negotiation processes related to the preparation and signing of the Versailles and Saint-Germain Peace Treaties. Similarly, it then discusses in detail the peripeties related to the drafting of the Treaty of Trianon dealing with the border with Hungary and its subsequent delineation in the field. Last but not least, the thesis captures the settling of Czechoslovakia's international relations with Poland and their common border, with a particular focus on the arbitration settlement on the territory of Orava and Spiš.

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Jana Žuľová (ed.)

Zborník vedeckých prác

Ústava Slovenskej republiky garantuje v článku 35 právo každého na slobodnú voľbu povolania a prípravu naň, ako aj právo podnikať a uskutočňovať inú zárobkovú činnosť. Každý má právo slobodne sa rozhodnúť, či si prostriedky na živobytie zabezpečí prácou ako samostatne zárobkovo činná osoba so všetkými dôsledkami a rizikami z toho vyplývajúcimi, alebo ako zamestnanec v pracovnoprávnych vzťahoch výkonom závislej práce. Mantinely a pravidlá výkonu uvedených práv sú regulované predovšetkým predpismi pracovného, obchodného aj daňového práva, s korpusom práv a povinností patriacich osobitne podnikateľom a osobitne zamestnancom. Neustály tlak konkurencie i dôsledky ekonomickej krízy privádzajú zamestnávateľov k hľadaniu cestičiek ako od vykonávateľov práce dosiahnuť čo najviac, za optimalizácie čo najnižších poistných, administratívnych i daňových nákladov. Pracovné pomery so zamestnancami sú ukončované a pod tlakom straty prostriedkov na živobytie sa „dobrovoľne“ menia na vzťahy obchodnoprávne. Nielen táto, ale aj ďalšie deformácie trhu práce konfrontujú subjekty práva na prácu s neférovými praktikami zamestnávateľov, čím minimalizujú možnosť realizácie slobody pri uplatňovaní tohto základného práva.

Riešením malo byť legislatívne zakotvenie definície závislej práce zákonom č. 348/2007 Z. z., ktorým sa novelizoval Zákonník práce. Či sa fenoménu „nútených živností“ a ďalších foriem zastretých pracovnoprávnych vzťahov podarilo vývojom definície závislej práce zabrániť, je základnou výskumnou otázkou viacerých vedeckých príspevkov v predkladanom zborníku vedeckých prác. Ambíciou autorského kolektívu je snaha o identifikáciu negatívnych javov trhu práce v korelácii s nedokonalosťami a medzerami pracovnoprávnej úpravy, ktoré spôsobujú jeho neželané deformácie. Ich dôsledné skúmanie v teoreticko-právnej rovine vyústi do výsledkov a návrhov de lege ferenda, ktoré sú súčasne riešeniami grantového projektu Vega č. 1/0805/13 „Optimalizácia usporiadania modelu pracovných vzťahov na trhu práce v Slovenskej republike“.

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Valéria Ružičková (ed.)

Proceedings of the XIVth Student Symposium on International Law and European Law.

For the XIV Year of Student Symposium on International Law and European Law under the topic „Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Law“, students of the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Science prepared several papers regarding current questions related to the ongoing development of the artificial intelligence. From the legal point of view, the papers regard the importance of the artificial intelligence in human activities in space, its impact on fundamental rights, development of new human rights in relation to its application in healthcare and nursing care as well as personal data protection while making use of the artificial intelligence.

Apart from the papers concerning the artificial intelligence from the legal perspective, two of the papers regard the artificial intelligence from the scientific perspective, explaining the importance of the artificial intelligence in localization in indoor environment as well as its importance in prediction of healthcare costs.

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Natália Kalinák-Andrej Oriňak

The Department of Commercial Law and Economic Law together with the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law of the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice organized the 8th annual student symposium, this time on commercial, labour and private international law, which took place at the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice on 1 December 2023. The student symposium under the title Commercial and Labour Law on a Common Wave was carried out as part of the research projects VEGA 1/0259/22 and VEGA č. 1/0291/23. The aim of the annual symposia is to create a discussion platform for students under the supervision of mentors from among the members of the department, namely teachers, researchers and PhD students. The theme of this year's symposium brought about discussion of interesting theoretical and practical legal issues thematically focused on the synergy of business law and labour law. The students addressed topical issues related to the status of entrepreneurs, the conduct of companies in labour law relations as well as the duties and responsibilities of employees. The topics of the sharing economy, gender quotas in corporate bodies and unfair bribery were not forgotten. While working on individual topics, students had the opportunity to improve their analytical thinking and argumentation skills, while they could practice writing a legal professional text, which in practice often increases the success of every lawyer. Students had the opportunity to develop their critical thinking and learn how to clearly formulate their own opinions on current legal issues. After the presentation of the papers, not only the team of lecturers and researchers, but also the students themselves engaged in a fruitful discussion, asking a number of original questions. Each student participant was awarded a certificate for their active participation in the symposium. The present proceedings are the outcome of the students' work from this event.

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Lucia Bakošová (ed.)

Proceedings from the XII Student Symposium on International and European Law held on March 29, 2019, in Košice

The primary goal of films or TV series is typically not to educate their audience. However, contemporary cinematography includes a significant number of works that present issues related to international and European law to both professional and general audiences.

For this reason, the Institute of International and European Law at the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice organized the XII Student Symposium on International and European Law titled "International and European Law in Cinematography," under the auspices of Professor JUDr. Ján Klučka, CSc.

The main objective of the symposium was to popularize international and European law among students through films or series. The films analyzed during the symposium could be divided into two categories: those dramatizing real events and those creating fictional scenarios incorporating aspects of international or European law. Most contributions focused on films depicting real events, such as the genocide in Rwanda in the 1990s, the Nuremberg Trials, the occupation of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, or the legal dispute between the heir of the painting Woman in Gold and Austria. On the other hand, works like the series MASH* were also discussed; while not based on real events, it uses its narrative to portray the lives of medical personnel in a military field hospital during the Korean War.

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Adam Giertl (ed.)

Zborník príspevkov z IX. ročníka študentského Sympózia z medzinárodného a európskeho práva konaného dňa 22. apríla 2016 na pôde Právnickej fakulty Univerzity P. J. Šafárika v Košiciach

Ako vyplýva zo samotného názvu IX. ročníka študentského sympózia z medzinárodného a európskeho práva: „Aktuálne otázky migrácie z pohľadu medzinárodného práva s osobitným zreteľom na Chartu základných práv Európskej únie“, jeho účastníci sa zamerali na mimoriadne aktuálnu tému európskej migrácie, ktorú skúmali z rôznych aspektov ako medzinárodného, tak aj úniového práva (celkom 9 príspevkov).

Pri posudzovaní úlohy jednotlivých aktérov podieľajúcich sa hlavnou mierou na riešení problémov vznikajúcich v dôsledku migrácie do Európy bola zdôraznená predovšetkým úloha medzinárodných špecializovaných organizácií, ktoré často priamo v „teréne“ pomáhajú migrantom s ich neľahkým údelom prostredníctvom humanitárnej, prípadne lekárskej pomoci. Táto však netvorí jedinú reagenciu medzinárodného spoločenstva, nakoľko ju dotvára ako činnosť dotknutých štátov, tak aj rôznych nevládnych organizácií a dobrovoľníkov.

V súvislosti s hodnotením činnosti Európskej únie sa účastníci sympózia zhodli na tom, že masová migračná vlna ju zasiahla pomerne nepripravenú a to ako po inštitucionálnej, legislatívnej a technickej stránke sprevádzanej neujasnenosťou v zaujatí základného prístupu k tejto skutočnosti. Bolo tiež zdôraznené, že k týmto pochybeniam došlo napriek tomu, že vývoj v predošlom období jasne signalizoval možnosť prerastania postupnej migrácie do Európskej únie do masovej podoby. Dodatočné ex post a niekedy aj oneskorené opatrenia prijímané ako reakcia na už prebiehajúci migračný proces podľa názoru účastníkov sympózia prispeli k celkovému zvýšeniu politického napätia v EÚ a rozdelili jej členské štáty do protikladných táborov.

V rámci analýzy legislatívnych nástrojov EÚ na regulovanie migrácie bola detailnejšia pozornosť venovaná tzv. nariadeniu Dublin III, ako aj vplyvu Charty základných práv Európskej únie na spoločný azylový systém (vo svetle vybraných rozhodnutí Európskeho súdneho dvora).

Účastníci sympózia sa tiež oboznámili so základnými zásadami migračnej politiky Austrálie, ktorá v súčasnosti predstavuje celkovo úspešný model riešenia hromadnej migrácie. V rámci diskusie účastníci došli k spoločnému názoru, že austrálsky migračný model môže predstavovať určitú „inšpiráciu“ aj pre Európu a to najmä vo včasnej reagencii na migračné toky aj prostredníctvom osobitných dohovorov Úvodom 9 o spolupráci s krajinami, odkiaľ migranti prichádzajú, ako aj v určitej „flexibilite“ azylového systému. Táto sa môže prejaviť v zavedení dočasného azylového režimu pre azylantov (napríklad 2-3 roky) sprevádzaného monitoringom politickej a bezpečnostnej situácie v jeho domovskom štáte. V prípade, že sa situácia v tomto štáte upokojí azylantovi nebude predĺžený poskytnutý azyl a umožní sa mu odchod do domovského štátu.

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Marcel Dolobáč - Ľuboš Dobrovič (eds.)

Reviewed Proceedings of Contributions from a Scientific Conference

This reviewed collection of contributions from the scientific e-conference Legal Language in Application Practice, held from December 3 to 21, 2018, presents various academic contributions.

Legal language, as expressed in legal norms, is specific and should ideally be unambiguous, concise, and resistant to multiple interpretations. Is this an ideal world that does not exist but is worth striving for? Interpretative challenges and ambiguities in legal language and terminology (especially in the Labour Code) led the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law at UPJŠ in Košice to undertake the VEGA grant project No. 1/0526/17 titled Linguistic and Sanction Mechanisms in the Creation and Operation of Labour Law Norms.

As part of this grant project, the department organized an e-conference open not only to labor law specialists but also to experts from other legal fields. Unsurprisingly, interpretative issues extend beyond labor law. The contributions in this collection are thus somewhat interdisciplinary, though with a focus on labor law. We hope this collection serves as an introduction to broader research and deeper study of legal language by experts beyond legal theory. Additionally, we trust these contributions will inspire you, the readers.

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Monika Minčičová - Marcel Dolobáč - Jana Žuľová

The presented proceedings of papers is the result of the international scientific conference "Employee in the digital environment", which was organized as part of the research project VEGA 1/0790/20 Employee protection in the context of the Industrial Revolution 5.0 - starting points, opportunities and risks. The online scientific conference took place on the 5th of November 2021 under the auspices of the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law, Faculty of Law, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice. The proceedings includes a variety of scientific papers focused on the study of current issues caused by the digital transformation of society.Authors respond to partial legal problems of labour law and social security law at the theoretical-legal and application level and reflect on the consequences of ongoing phenomena for the labour market and labour law legislation.

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Ján Klučka - Ľudmila Elbert

The present monograph "Regionalism and its Contribution to General International Law" was written at the Institute of European Law and Department of International Law, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, as a part of the project (APVV-O823-11) carried out in 2011-2015, representing one of its final publication utputs. 

The main reason for choosing the topic was to evaluate regionalism in its various relationships and forms with respect to international law, and also to evaluate the place,importance and duties of international law in respect to the establishment and functioning of various forms of regionalgroups.

It is a fact that even though a lot of attention has been paid to regionalism, a more complex evaluation of the impact it has had on international law, and vice versa, is still lacking. The efforts of the present monograph are to partially eliminate this gap.

After giving a brief insight into how regionalism has developed, its content and terminology, the monograph studies in more details individual types of regionalism in the form of old and new regionalism, as well as treaty and institutional regionalism; its specifications and contributions to the international law.

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Jozef Suchoža - Ján Husár - Regina Hučková (eds.)

Collection of papers presented at an international scientific symposium LAW - COMMERCE - ECONOMY held from 23rd. – 25th. of October 2019 in High Tatras

This year's conference program and the proposed collection reflect current topics not only in domestic legal science (recodification of private law in the conditions of the Slovak legal order) but also in European and international legal science (legal and ethical aspects of artificial intelligence). The conference program is enriched this year by a section, which the organizers have prepared in cooperation with the International Arbitration Court at the Czech-Moravian Commodity Exchange and the Arbitration Court at the Chamber of Commerce of the Czech Republic and the Agrarian Chamber of the Czech Republic.

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Alena Krunková - Simona Farkašová

Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on EU Funds Law in Theory and Practice held on October 3, 2019, in Košice.

The conference was attended by representatives from the academic sphere, educators from the Faculty of Law at UPJŠ in Košice, who created the subject and continue to participate in its teaching. The participants included professionals from practice, such as those from the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic for Investments and Informatization, the Office for Public Procurement of the Slovak Republic, the Supreme Audit Office of the Slovak Republic, and the Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs, and Family of the Slovak Republic. Valuable information was also shared at the conference by representatives from the Ministry of Regional Development of the Czech Republic, OECD representatives, and representatives from the European Commission's Representation in Slovakia. The presented contributions reflected current issues in a highly professional manner, identified problematic areas, and outlined suitable solutions for contentious issues.

From the individual presentations of the conference participants, it was possible to compile a work that, while not extensive in scope, is very remarkable in value. It connects theory and practice in an outstanding manner and thus expands knowledge in the still complex issue of the legal regulation of European Union funds.

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Jana Šutajová

From January 1, 1969, the Constitutional Act on the Status of Nationalities in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR) and the Constitutional Act on the Federation came into effect. The Constitutional Act on the Status of Nationalities represented at least a formal significant step forward in the legal regulation of minority rights. However, this law was intended to serve as a foundation for further legal adjustments. It was declared that additional steps and negotiations for the adoption of implementing regulations would follow and that further laws would be enacted at both the federal and national levels. Nevertheless, no additional law or government regulation related to the constitutional act on the status of nationalities in the ČSSR was ever issued.

During the normalization period, issues concerning further legislation related to national minorities were not addressed. However, in the brief period following the adoption of the constitutional act in 1968 until the end of 1969, some institutions attempted to prepare and promote such legal norms. One of these institutions was the Government Council of the Slovak Socialist Republic (SSR) for Nationalities (hereafter referred to as the Council or the Government Council for Nationalities). The monograph provides an insight into the development of additional legal norms arising from the constitutional act on the status of nationalities in the Slovak Socialist Republic, prepared by the Government Council of SSR for Nationalities. This council was one of the institutions established in Slovakia after the formation of the Czechoslovak federation and dealt with nationality issues.

In addressing further legal norms stemming from the constitutional act on nationalities in ČSSR, it was necessary to consider prior developments. Therefore, the first part of the monograph examines the status of minorities in Czechoslovakia before adopting the constitutional act, activities of nationalities preceding its adoption, and its enactment itself. Subsequent sections focus on institutional changes in SSR following federalization, the establishment of the Government Council of SSR for Nationalities, and specific actions taken by this Council and its expert bodies in drafting proposals for laws concerning nationalities in the Slovak Socialist Republic.

The motivation for writing this monograph stemmed from the fact that this topic has so far received attention only in a few studies in Slovakia, which primarily focused on the Hungarian minority during either the Prague Spring or normalization periods.

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Adam Giertl (ed.)

Zborník príspevkov zo VII. ročníka študentského sympózia z medzinárodného práva konaného v dňoch 11. – 12. apríla 2014 v učebno-výcvikovom zariadení UPJŠ v Danišovciach

Napriek tomu je dnes lietanie a cestovanie do kozmu bežnou súčasťou ľudskej civilizácie. Aká je úloha práva v tomto procese? To je otázka, ktorú si položili organizátori VII. ročníka študentského sympózia z medzinárodného práva sledujúc ambíciu zhodnotiť prínos medzinárodného práva v oblasti letectva a kozmických letov najmä vo svetle aktuálneho vývoja. Jednotlivých tém sa zhostili študenti druhého, tretieho, ale aj vyšších ročníkov Právnickej fakulty UPJŠ v Košiciach. Výsledkom ich práce na zverených témach, ktoré mohli autori konzultovať s členmi Ústavu európskeho práva a oddelenia medzinárodného práva, je predkladané dielo. Zborník je tematicky rozdelený na dve časti. Prvá časť oboznámi čitateľa s vybranými témami súvisiacimi s leteckým právom a druhá časť je venovaná medzinárodnému kozmickému právu. Svojim zameraním má zborník aj širší dosah, keďže v niektorých aspektoch zapadá do širšieho kontextu výskumu, ktorý prebieha na Ústave európskeho práva a oddelení medzinárodného práva a ktorý sa zameriava na skúmanie vplyvu regionalizmu na všeobecné medzinárodné právo a vice versa. Túto problematiku odrážajú aj témy jednotlivých príspevkov.

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Milena Barinková (ed.)

The complex of legal norms protecting work, ensuring safety and health protection at work, is very broad in scope, extending beyond the Labour Code to include other specific legal regulations, collective agreements, executive legal regulations, and internal corporate normative acts.

Health protection of employees from hazardous workplace influences is a central requirement stemming from fundamental human rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. To ensure its universal enforcement across all employers in both private and public sectors, strict regulation through cogent norms is fully justified. The European Commission’s Communication to the European Parliament, Council, European Economic and Social Committee, and Committee of the Regions on the EU Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2014–2020 (COM(2014) 332 final) addresses the need to account for labor market changes arising from demographic shifts, aging populations, and technological advancements.

Work pace demands are intensifying, and all age categories of employees must adapt to new technologies, organizational changes, and evolving job structures. This increases requirements for maintaining health fitness throughout entire professional careers. Mental health fitness, which receives insufficient specific attention, is an inherent part of health fitness requirements. Prevention plays a critical role in mental health protection.

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Ivan Kundrát - Katarína Skolodová - Monika Minčičová (eds.)

Peer-reviewed conference proceedings

The continuation of the tradition of an international scientific conference of doctoral students and young researchers have not been exception this year. The Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University in Košice, as the organizer of this year's international scientific conference, has chosen a topic entitled "Protection, Prevention and Legal Liability."

Because of the unfavorable epidemiological situation and the cancellation of scientific, professional and other mass events, the conference was transferred to a virtual form. The electronic platform of the conference via online discussion was realized from 3rd to 17th April 2020. The protective function of law, preventive obligations, but also the emerging responsibilities are a vast source of ideas for scientific research, asking questions and finding answers to a range of theoretical and application-law problems in every area of public and private law. Evidence of a generously understood topic is the presented proceedings of scientific papers.

The proceedings, created within the solution of the grant task APVV-16-0002 -Mental Health in the Workplace and Employee Health Assessment, includes various aspects of legal regulation, from academic authors and authors from legal practice. Despite the diversity of the scientific focus, the papers are characterized by a unifying line corresponding to the central theme of the conference and show the interconnectedness of the different areas of law.

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Dominika Becková - Adam Giertl (eds.)

Collection of Papers of PhD. students and young researchers

Institute of International Law and European Law offered a place to PhD. students and young researchers to publish scientific outputs of their research. Submited collection of scientific contributions is the result of that initiative. Papers deal with the implementation of international law and law of the EU into the domestic legal system.

Thematically is the collection of contributions divided into several parts, that are dedicated to contributions dealing with the issues of legal theory and international and european law.

Contributions are addressing issues of human rights protection, they aim to the roles of international and supranational judiciary, environment, criminal and public law. Collection of contributions includes also chosen problems of private law and it also dedicates space for contributions focused on foreign investments.

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Dominika Kováčová- Lucia Pištejová- Ivan Vaňa

The present monograph deals with the post-war settlement of relations and peace negotiations related to the settlement of the borders of the newly established Czechoslovak Republic. The work discusses in detail the negotiation processes related to the preparation and signing of the Versailles and Saint-Germain Peace Treaties. Similarly, it then discusses in detail the peripeties related to the drafting of the Treaty of Trianon dealing with the border with Hungary and its subsequent delineation in the field. Last but not least, the thesis captures the settling of Czechoslovakia's international relations with Poland and their common border, with a particular focus on the arbitration settlement on the territory of Orava and Spiš.

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Jana Žuľová (ed.)

Zborník vedeckých prác

Ústava Slovenskej republiky garantuje v článku 35 právo každého na slobodnú voľbu povolania a prípravu naň, ako aj právo podnikať a uskutočňovať inú zárobkovú činnosť. Každý má právo slobodne sa rozhodnúť, či si prostriedky na živobytie zabezpečí prácou ako samostatne zárobkovo činná osoba so všetkými dôsledkami a rizikami z toho vyplývajúcimi, alebo ako zamestnanec v pracovnoprávnych vzťahoch výkonom závislej práce. Mantinely a pravidlá výkonu uvedených práv sú regulované predovšetkým predpismi pracovného, obchodného aj daňového práva, s korpusom práv a povinností patriacich osobitne podnikateľom a osobitne zamestnancom. Neustály tlak konkurencie i dôsledky ekonomickej krízy privádzajú zamestnávateľov k hľadaniu cestičiek ako od vykonávateľov práce dosiahnuť čo najviac, za optimalizácie čo najnižších poistných, administratívnych i daňových nákladov. Pracovné pomery so zamestnancami sú ukončované a pod tlakom straty prostriedkov na živobytie sa „dobrovoľne“ menia na vzťahy obchodnoprávne. Nielen táto, ale aj ďalšie deformácie trhu práce konfrontujú subjekty práva na prácu s neférovými praktikami zamestnávateľov, čím minimalizujú možnosť realizácie slobody pri uplatňovaní tohto základného práva.

Riešením malo byť legislatívne zakotvenie definície závislej práce zákonom č. 348/2007 Z. z., ktorým sa novelizoval Zákonník práce. Či sa fenoménu „nútených živností“ a ďalších foriem zastretých pracovnoprávnych vzťahov podarilo vývojom definície závislej práce zabrániť, je základnou výskumnou otázkou viacerých vedeckých príspevkov v predkladanom zborníku vedeckých prác. Ambíciou autorského kolektívu je snaha o identifikáciu negatívnych javov trhu práce v korelácii s nedokonalosťami a medzerami pracovnoprávnej úpravy, ktoré spôsobujú jeho neželané deformácie. Ich dôsledné skúmanie v teoreticko-právnej rovine vyústi do výsledkov a návrhov de lege ferenda, ktoré sú súčasne riešeniami grantového projektu Vega č. 1/0805/13 „Optimalizácia usporiadania modelu pracovných vzťahov na trhu práce v Slovenskej republike“.

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Valéria Ružičková (ed.)

Proceedings of the XIVth Student Symposium on International Law and European Law.

For the XIV Year of Student Symposium on International Law and European Law under the topic „Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Law“, students of the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Science prepared several papers regarding current questions related to the ongoing development of the artificial intelligence. From the legal point of view, the papers regard the importance of the artificial intelligence in human activities in space, its impact on fundamental rights, development of new human rights in relation to its application in healthcare and nursing care as well as personal data protection while making use of the artificial intelligence.

Apart from the papers concerning the artificial intelligence from the legal perspective, two of the papers regard the artificial intelligence from the scientific perspective, explaining the importance of the artificial intelligence in localization in indoor environment as well as its importance in prediction of healthcare costs.

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Natália Kalinák-Andrej Oriňak

The Department of Commercial Law and Economic Law together with the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law of the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice organized the 8th annual student symposium, this time on commercial, labour and private international law, which took place at the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice on 1 December 2023. The student symposium under the title Commercial and Labour Law on a Common Wave was carried out as part of the research projects VEGA 1/0259/22 and VEGA č. 1/0291/23. The aim of the annual symposia is to create a discussion platform for students under the supervision of mentors from among the members of the department, namely teachers, researchers and PhD students. The theme of this year's symposium brought about discussion of interesting theoretical and practical legal issues thematically focused on the synergy of business law and labour law. The students addressed topical issues related to the status of entrepreneurs, the conduct of companies in labour law relations as well as the duties and responsibilities of employees. The topics of the sharing economy, gender quotas in corporate bodies and unfair bribery were not forgotten. While working on individual topics, students had the opportunity to improve their analytical thinking and argumentation skills, while they could practice writing a legal professional text, which in practice often increases the success of every lawyer. Students had the opportunity to develop their critical thinking and learn how to clearly formulate their own opinions on current legal issues. After the presentation of the papers, not only the team of lecturers and researchers, but also the students themselves engaged in a fruitful discussion, asking a number of original questions. Each student participant was awarded a certificate for their active participation in the symposium. The present proceedings are the outcome of the students' work from this event.

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E-book

Lucia Bakošová (ed.)

Proceedings from the XII Student Symposium on International and European Law held on March 29, 2019, in Košice

The primary goal of films or TV series is typically not to educate their audience. However, contemporary cinematography includes a significant number of works that present issues related to international and European law to both professional and general audiences.

For this reason, the Institute of International and European Law at the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice organized the XII Student Symposium on International and European Law titled "International and European Law in Cinematography," under the auspices of Professor JUDr. Ján Klučka, CSc.

The main objective of the symposium was to popularize international and European law among students through films or series. The films analyzed during the symposium could be divided into two categories: those dramatizing real events and those creating fictional scenarios incorporating aspects of international or European law. Most contributions focused on films depicting real events, such as the genocide in Rwanda in the 1990s, the Nuremberg Trials, the occupation of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, or the legal dispute between the heir of the painting Woman in Gold and Austria. On the other hand, works like the series MASH* were also discussed; while not based on real events, it uses its narrative to portray the lives of medical personnel in a military field hospital during the Korean War.

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