Impact of legislation and law enforcement on the content of contracts with particular regard to the time of World War I ...

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Miroslav Štrkolec   Anna Vartašová Tímea Jančiová

This proceedings of scientific papers presents papers from the international scientific conference of the same name, which took place from 24 to 26 September 2025 at the UPJŠ in Košice and was supported by the projects APVV-23-0158 "Reform of the Customs Union in the Era of Electronic Commerce in the Slovak Republic" and VEGA 1/0698/25 "Development Fee as a Tool for the Development of Municipalities and Cities in the Slovak Republic". Individual papers are aimed at addressing current issues of tax law, budgetary law and financial market law in the context of the challenges of the ongoing multi-crisis (starting with the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, the extreme increase in energy and other supplies costs or inflation, and the subsequent need for consolidation of public finances). The papers are divided into two parts, where in the first part, indivídua! authors focus on national reports - a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of the aforementioned multi-crisis in individual V4 countries - in the areas of taxes, budgets and financial markets, and in the second part, individua! Authors focus on more specific issues in the aforementioned three thematic areas.

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Marek Švec, Jana Žuľová

The collection of scientific contributions offers an interdisciplinary analysis of the challenges labour law faces due to digitalization and social change. Its main goal is to highlight potential synergies between the technological management of work processes and the promotion of diversity and inclusion in the workplace, with a focus on legal mechanisms that ensure equal opportunities and protect employees. The collection includes studies on various aspects of labour law protection, such as the prohibition of discrimination, transparency in algorithmic management, protection of individuals with diverse needs, and legislative challenges related to GDPR. It also features contributions to innovative remuneration systems and the protection of socially and health-disadvantaged groups, with special attention to employees of different sexual orientations and pregnant women. A significant portion of the work is dedicated to issues surrounding the use of artificial intelligence and algorithmic management in decision-making within labour relations. This publication serves as an insightful resource for academics, lawyers, students, and practitioners addressing modern employment law challenges, and it encourages further discussion on innovative approaches to contemporary labour law topics.

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Alena Krunková - Simona Farkašová

Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on EU Funds Law in Theory and Practice held on October 3, 2019, in Košice.

The conference was attended by representatives from the academic sphere, educators from the Faculty of Law at UPJŠ in Košice, who created the subject and continue to participate in its teaching. The participants included professionals from practice, such as those from the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic for Investments and Informatization, the Office for Public Procurement of the Slovak Republic, the Supreme Audit Office of the Slovak Republic, and the Ministry of Labor, Social Affairs, and Family of the Slovak Republic. Valuable information was also shared at the conference by representatives from the Ministry of Regional Development of the Czech Republic, OECD representatives, and representatives from the European Commission's Representation in Slovakia. The presented contributions reflected current issues in a highly professional manner, identified problematic areas, and outlined suitable solutions for contentious issues.

From the individual presentations of the conference participants, it was possible to compile a work that, while not extensive in scope, is very remarkable in value. It connects theory and practice in an outstanding manner and thus expands knowledge in the still complex issue of the legal regulation of European Union funds.

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Erik Štenpien (ed.)

Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference held on September 27, 2013, at the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice

The Civil Code is one of the fundamental legal codifications of our time. Paradoxically, in the Slovak Republic, the 1964 Code still applies today, albeit with certain modifications brought by the modern era. Currently, recodification efforts are underway, with the goal of adopting a new Civil Code.

However, it is not possible to build something new without knowledge of the old. It is therefore a positive sign when legal historians and civil law experts come together at a conference to exchange views and insights. The Department of State and Legal History at the Faculty of Law in Košice is in its first year of working on the scientific grant project VEGA: The Historical-Legal Development of the Institute of the Sales Contract and Trends in Its Current Recodification in the Slovak Republic - No. 1/0131/13.

This project was acquired as a historical-legal initiative, but the Department of Civil Law is also participating, as Assoc. Prof. JUDr. K. Kirstová, CSc., is the deputy head of the project. Aware that this represents a completely unique connection between legal history and practice, our department organized the international scientific conference The Sales Contract - History and Present I. on September 27, 2013, which was a planned grant output but ultimately coincided with the 40th anniversary of the Faculty of Law in Košice.

This proceedings volume thus summarizes contributions from the grant project, as well as related presentations. It aims to significantly contribute to the understanding of the history and current recodification efforts of the sales contract institution both domestically and internationally.

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Laura Gazdagová-Bartolomej Mižák-Vladyslava Kryvoshei
Technological development is increasingly reshaping the environment in which international law operates. Rapid digitalization, global interconnectedness, and the emergence of new technologies raise questions that traditional legal norms are not always prepared to address. New forms of cross-border interactions, security challenges, and ethical dilemmas influence the functioning of states, international organizations, and other actors. Against this backdrop, discussions are evolving on how international law can maintain its relevance in an era of rapid innovation and how it may adapt to a dynamic technological landscape.
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Ján Husár - Kristián Csach (eds.)

The collection contains contributions presented at the international conference held on April 1^st - 3^rd 2014 in Smolenice, organized by Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice in cooperation with the Institute of State and Law of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and the Institute of State and Law of the Czech Academy of Sciences. Authors are high-profile Slovak and Czech scholars in the field of private law and company law, as well as representatives of new generation of young researchers. Contributions focus on contemporary issues in the field of company law, in particular theoretical basis of corporations, groups of companies, doctrine of abuse of rights, reflective loss and new tendencies in corporate law in foreign legal orders. The first part of the contributions presented at the conference have been already published in the special issue of the theoretical magazine Právny Obzor n. 4/2014. 

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Žofia Mrázová -  Natália Kalinák (eds.)

The Department of Commercial Law and Economic Law in cooperation with the Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law and the Department of International Law and European Law of the Faculty of Law of the University of Applied Sciences in Košice organized the IXth annual student symposium, this time on commercial, labour and private international law. The student symposium under the title Decision-making practice of judicial authorities in private law took place on 29 November 2024 at the premises of the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice. The symposium was prepared within the framework of the scientific projects APVV-23-0331 “Integration of the Capital Markets Union: change of corporate financing and rescue of companies in financial difficulties” and APVV-21-0336 “Analysis of judicial decisions by artificial intelligence methods.”

This year was exceptional in that the organizers of the event decided to change the usual concept of preparing and presenting a professional article on a chosen topic. This time the students chose interesting decisions of the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court or the Court of Justice of the European Union. They concentrated on working with one particular decision, which they analysed in detail and drafted a gloss - an expert explanation or commentary on the chosen decision. Their task consisted of a brief presentation of the facts, identification of the legal questions that the judicial authorities sought to answer, a legal analysis of the problem addressed, and an assessment of the significance of the decision for the practice of application. In their analyses, the students dealt with topical issues such as the joint action of a proxy and a member of the body, the consequences of a breach of the pre-emptive right, or the repugnancy of an agreement on the division of the community of property of the spouses. In employment law, decisions were presented concerning the right of the father of a child to a breastfeeding break or the wearing of symbols at work. In the section on private international law, the case law on cross-border relocation of the seat as well as on the choice of international jurisdiction of the courts was analysed.

The present proceedings consist of written outputs of students from this event. We are delighted that the students again this year approached their task with enthusiasm and conscientiousness. Finally, our sincere thanks go to all those who contributed to the success of the symposium.

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Juraj Panigaj (ed.)

Collection of Contributions from the XVth Student Symposium on International Law and European Law, held on April 22, 2022, in a hybrid format, with the participation of students from the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and the Faculty of Law of Trnava University in Trnava.

The jubilee XV. year of student symposium from international and European law took place at the University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, faculty of law, on April 22, 2022, symbolically on Day Earth. This year's event was dedicated to the increasingly pressing issue of environmental protection. The topic "Green ambitions in the light of European and international law" appealed to many students, resulting in several interesting contributions, falling under both European Union law and international law. European law currently brings great challenges, but also expectations through the European Green Deal. This is also why several student contributions dealt with topics falling under the European Green Deal, either from the point of view of its individual initiatives in general, or more specifically, in the intentions of Agenda 2030, or the implementation of the so-called green diplomacy.

The other part of contributions dealt with environmental protection within international law. Students addressed issues of an environmental nature in the areas of climate change, international maritime law, atmospheric protection, or the issue of so-called climate refugees. The publication itself is an output of the APVV project APVV-20-0576 "Green ambitions for sustainable development (European Green Deal in the context of international and national law)".

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Ľudmila Pošiváková -  Zuzana Antošová - Milan Kočan (eds.)

Proceedings from the Student Debate held on April 24, 2013, at the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

In the current period, the rule of law is widely debated both at the academic and political levels. This debate is not only related to the effort to establish the Rule of Law in states that have transitioned from socialist to democratic systems but also in states experiencing various unrests, whether political or religious.

However, it is not just a debate about certain characteristics of the Rule of Law that are missing in domestic law or at the level of international law, but also a debate about the very definition and meaning of the Rule of Law. The rule of law can be likened to an ideal that almost every state strives to achieve. Even in the case of the establishment of the independent Slovak Republic, the framers decided to include among the introductory provisions, which should form the core of the constitution, that the Slovak Republic is a state governed by the rule of law.

However, to achieve the ideal of the rule of law, it is necessary not only to declare it but also to adopt measures essential for an independent judiciary, democracy, the effective enforcement of human rights, the separation of powers, and many other elements that characterize a state governed by the rule of law.

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Peter Huba - Jozef Sábo - Martin Štrkolec

The presented monograph aims to provide an in-depth overview of the issue of international tax evasion, both in terms of its conceptual foundations and with regard to specific methods and schemes used to carry out tax evasion.

The members of the authorial team have also addressed questions of tax evasion in their previous works: "International Tax Evasion and Tax Havens" (JUDr. Jozef Sábo) and "Legal Aspects of the Elimination of Double Taxation and Prevention of Tax Evasion" (JUDr. Peter Huba).

This monograph represents a synthesis of the relevant research activities of the authorial team, enriched by the interdisciplinary dimension of the tax evasion problem. At the same time, it highlights those shortcomings that appear to be the most serious from the perspective of the risk of international tax evasion and base erosion in Slovakia. In this respect, a comparative perspective on the issue is presented, drawing extensively from American sources, mainly due to the high quality and long-standing research on international tax evasion in the United States.

The authorial team believes that this monograph will help to bring the issue of corporate income tax evasion closer to the professional public, and that it will receive attention equal to that given to VAT fraud and other pressing issues of current tax legislation.

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Katarína Skolodová - Monika Minčičová (eds.)

Proceedings of the 5th Year of the Student Symposium of Labour Law

New trends in the digital age around the world do not avoid the labour market and the labour law relations. Do labour law standards and employers' practices correspond to the actual factors that influence an individual's physical or mental condition? Does digitization, including artificial intelligence, bring improvements or threats? Is the protection of employees' mental health paid equal attention that to the protection of physical health? The Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice examines and analyzes legal aspects of new risks that threaten and affect individual health in the work environment within the researching of the project APVV-16-0002 - Mental Health in the Workplace and Employee Health Assessment.

The members of the department, with the theme of the 5th year of the student symposium "New Challenges of Employees´ Health Protection" created an opportunity for students to search deeper current legal issues and reflect the results of their creative work in the submitted papers. The proceedings of papers of the student symposium is rich in content and offers the reader the space to get acquainted with interesting questions and application problems accompanying them.

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Žofia Mrázová(ed.)

Proceedings from the VI. Student Symposium on Commercial Law Held on November 28, 2018, at the Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice

The Department of Commercial and Economic Law at the Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, organized the sixth annual Student Symposium on Commercial Law on November 28, 2018. The event was part of the research project VEGA 1/0917/16 titled "Atypical and De Facto Relationships in Commercial Law." The symposium aims to provide a platform for discussion among students with the guidance of mentors from the department, including professors, researchers, and doctoral candidates.

This year’s symposium focused on protection against anti-competitive practices. Unchecked anti-competitive behavior could grant economic advantages to violators at the expense of other competitors and threaten the free-market system. Students explored various challenges related to competition law, analyzing Slovak and European legal frameworks as well as court rulings and decisions by other authorities. Through their research, students honed their analytical thinking, argumentation skills, and critical reasoning. The discussions generated new perspectives and encouraged active engagement among participants.

This proceedings volume presents the outcomes of students' work from this event.

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Sergej Romža - Martin Štrkolec - Bronislava Vinerová

Proceedings of Scientific Papers from the Nationwide Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference with International Participation held on June 21–22, 2023, organized by the Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

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Terézia Hišemová - Darina Kmecová (eds.)

Reviewed proceedings of scientific papers of Conference of Slovak and Czech law romanists, which take place at May, 10.-11.5.2018, at Faculty of Law, UPJŠ in Košice.

The submitted reviewed proceeding of scientific papers on „The loan or usury? Compulsory enforcement of roman - law basics and problems of application practice.”  is prepared within the solution of the grant project VEGA on: „The loan or usury? Compulsory enforcement of historical - law basics and problems of application practice.”, no. p. 1/0198/17.

The authors of papers are important personalities of Roman law working in the Slovak and Czech Republic, as well as PhD students and young scientists from Slovak and foreign universities who are active in the academic environment as well as in legal practice. The main goal of the editors is to help improve the current legal situation, which is assessed as unsatisfactory, and through a historical excursion of the development of the loan institute and then the forced execution of the decision, to create de lege ferenda proposals considering all areas of research.

The Proceedings trace the interrelationships between the substantive law institute in terms of the Roman law of contractus unilaterales - mutuum in its various types, often realized by the attachment of high interest rates, which bordered on the insurrection and the procedural law of individual lawsuits enforced in the legislative, formular and cognitive process. If there was no possibility to impose certain behaviour on the obligated person (the debtor, the sentenced person), then the declared general obligation to enforce the legal norms was only a legal term. It has always been the case that every internally well-organized state, whether antique or present, has to use power tools - often with the use of gross violence - but within the limits of the law, to promote what it has declared valid law. It must protect creditors on the one hand, but it must also prevent self-help and the use of illegal, unjustified and disproportionate violence.

The loan contract as a real contract has often become an integral part and relatively the most frequent reason leading to the compulsory enforcement, especially when contracting parties often agree on the connection of interest - sometimes within the legal limit, sometimes exceeding the legal framework - and in this way the potential future creditor (the plaintiff) significantly increased the insolvency risk of the debtor (the defendant, the sentenced) and of the subsequent execution. The pronounced and deepening social stratification of the Roman population and the secondary depreciation effort, the cancellation of the debts of the poor part of the population logically culminated in social unrest and revolt against the enforcement of the enforcement law.

The proceedings capture not only the rich scientific discussion of Slovak and Czech legal Romanists, but also the opinions, experience and knowledge of experts on contemporary law dealing with this type of issues. As a result, it provides a unique interdisciplinary view of the subject and raises many stimulus points for future research. This work proves that the problems encountered by the various representatives of the Roman jurisprudence and their legal and theoretical bases and solutions are undoubtedly useful and serve as a guideline also for solving legal issues in the field of modern enforcement proceedings.

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Milena Barinková (ed.)

The researchers of the grant task ‘Creation and implementation of labour law with regard to regional aspects of the labour market’ deal in their work with the analysis of employers' attempts for legislative changes in the level of social rights of employees justified by regional differences, the analysis of possible impacts in their implementation, as well as the assessment of their compliance with the protective function of Slovak labour law and the value character of fundamental human rights inherent in the European and legal culture.

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Jana Žuľová a kol.

The presented publication is intended for employers, managers, and HR professionals who process employees' personal data for various employment-related purposes and need to conduct an audit of their processing in compliance with the GDPR and the new Personal Data Protection Act. The publication will also be useful for new employers who are encountering data protection for the first time and need to establish internal data protection rules, essentially starting from scratch.

The reader has the opportunity to gain a comprehensive understanding of the data protection rules applicable in the employment sector, the obligations of the employer, and the rights of the data subject, i.e., job applicants, employees, and former employees.

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