Sociálne a politické analýzy 2-2007

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Ján Sabol ml., Lena Ivančová (eds.)

Zborník príspevkov z historicko-kulturologickej vedeckej konferencie konanej 7. mája 2024 v Košiciach

Zborník príspevkov z historicko-kulturologickej vedeckej konferencie Slovensko-maďarské vzťahy v čase pokrýva široké spektrum historických, kulturologických, literárnovedných, teatrologických, mediálnych, politických i sociálnych aspektov slovensko-maďarských vzťahov a poskytuje tak hlbší pohľad na ich vnútornú kontinuitu a dynamiku. Jednotlivé vedecké príspevky hodnotia vplyv histórie a vzájomnej koexistencie na divadlo, literatúru, film i ďalšie tvorivé prejavy. Zborník koncepčne vyzdvihuje dôležitosť interdisciplinárneho prístupu k štúdiu slovensko-maďarských vzťahov. Potvrdzuje význam dialógu a tvorivej spolupráce medzi národmi, kolektívmi, jednotlivcami.

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Miroslava Köverová - Margita Mesárošová (eds.)

The publication „Helping professions and self-care from the perspective of psychology and social work“ includes research studies focused on self-care, and the positive and negative effects of helping among specific groups of helping professionals – psychologists and social workers.

A number of Slovak as well as foreign authors contributed to the book of proceedings. The contributions are theoretical studies, research studies and case studies. The theoretical and research studies are focused on important issues of professional helping: self-care, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, burnout, perceived stress, secondary traumatic stress, mindfulness, empathy, job satisfaction and turnover among psychologists and social workers.

Research interest in the phenomena is especially important in the context of the mental health of helping professionals and in reducing the negative consequences of helping. 

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Daniel Dobiaš

The work deals with the evolution in theory and practice of democracy, open society and humanism which is marked by dichotomy of its own progressive and regressive features. Civilization trajectory of human reality, the implementation strategy thought overlaps through a reality in the form of freedom, solidarity and human rights, formulation of normative ideas of man and his/her nature, rationalistic universalism and voluntaristic individualism created preconditions for the political background of modern societies which established democratic order with rules allowing to dispose with freedom to which the individual, as a rational being, is authorized. Moreover, the perspective of awareness of ambiguity and paradoxical content of individual parameters of democracy, open society and humanism, ideologically shaped and fixed by worldviews of economic and political elites, from our point of view, is a mirror image of how those conditions differ from the standard assumptions formulated in theory. 

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Štefan Jusko

Selected Chapters in Epistemology" is a work resulting from the author's multi-year research and also represents a fulfillment of the requirements from pedagogical practice in this subject. The chapters, presented in this synthesized form, have not been published before, and I am convinced that precisely in this form they can gain higher value and greater real impact on our philosophy students.

The individual chapters focus on the problem of knowledge today, primarily on the problem of criticizing metaphysics and questions related to creating post-metaphysical thinking. It is no coincidence that Friedrich Nietzsche is a common denominator for the presented texts; he is a philosopher who has fundamentally influenced and continues to influence current philosophical discussions and intellectual movements. The chapters are written to lead our students or other readers toward reflection, i.e., critical thinking, personal growth, and professional independence.

To what extent I have succeeded in fulfilling my intentions and goals remains for the reader to decide.

Autor

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Marián Bednár

The scientific monograph The Value of Human Life in the Connotations of Postmodernism presents a current issue of reflections on the value of human life. It sees in the broader connotations of postmodern society, where the approaches of applied ethics (bioethics), philosophy and Christian theology intersect. This issue is embedded in the historical, philosophical, sociological and cultural-social Postmodernism.

The monograph analyses the postmodern value system, the dominant postmodern anthropological concept, secular bioethics and civil law in relation to human life and its value. The key is the confrontation of the postmodern anti-life mentality and life in the most discussed bioethical issues: contraception, artificial insemination techniques, genetic manipulation, abortion, sterilization, (bio) technology, euthanasia. An alternative approach is offered by the theological vision of human and life presented in the Judeo-Christian context. In the light of modern theological disciplines, the personnel concept is enriched by theological anthropology culminating in an eschatological vision.

In this sense, the issue of the value of human life culminates, which is also inspired by one of the most important encyclicals of Pope John Paul II. Evangelium vitae (25th anniversary of its writing). It is she who calls for the acceptance and respect of every human life and for the practical development of a new culture of life.

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Juraj Schenk a kol.

Vedecký časopis Sociálne a politické analýzy je interaktívnou elektronickou platformou pre komunikáciu a prezentáciu (publikovanie) odborníkov a ich práce z oblasti základného a aplikovaného výskumu a analýz v sociologických, psychologických, politologických a metodologických kontextoch. Ide o médium, zamerané na intenzívnu podporu výskumných aktivít a analýz v interdisciplinárnom rámci, výmenu skúseností, rozvoj spolupráce a vitalizáciu produkcie v tejto oblasti vedeckej práce.
Publikačná časť časopisu ponúka priestor pre uverejňovanie prác ako sú:
- pôvodné výskumné sociologické, psychologické, politologické štúdie a analýzy v ľubovoľných oblastiach sociálneho života
- metodologické štúdie
- výskumné správy
- štúdie z kvalifikačných prác
- projekty výskumov a analýz
- rezenzie

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Tatiana Žiaková - Dušan Šlosár

The last decade marks not only the average life expectancy increase in healthy population, but also life expectancy increase in group of people with intellectual disorders/disabilities. Due to their diagnosis that defines and classifies them into specific categories, people with intellectual disability are finding themselves in a constant confrontation with obstacles negatively affecting the saturation of their existential needs. It creates mostly educational, social, cultural, psycho-social and economical disadvantage in the context of their lives. Consequently, their active potential is weakened, making it unable for them to influence public affairs in society from a position of an adult or elderly citizen. Building up on this condition, the focus of this monograph is on understanding and explanation of prevailing concept of social inclusion and related concepts of social exclusion. These concepts influence the way we tend to define and think about the character of society, as such.

Simultaneously, we are examining that the quality of coexistence between dominant population and people with intellectual disabilities is dependent on the development of attitudes and opinions of major population towards this specific minority. These attitudes reflect the extent of social tolerance and at the same time serve as a quantification of moral values and equity in the society, whether it concerns any type of small everyday help or professional and institutionalised long-term support.

This monograph focuses on presenting professional care for people with mental disability in form of social services as a dominant type of support in our local environment. We show that the quality of social services inevitably depends on degree of professional competences social workers possess. The significance of professional competences social workers are capable of using is reflected in the degree of the competence and adequacy of their performance. The primary aim, in relation to which professional competences should be accustomed, is to enhance meaningfulness and dignity in life of mentally disabled receivers of the social services.

Competences of social workers are a dynamic phenomenon that modifies along the development of society and also with the frequently altering needs of people with intellectual disability as receivers of the social service. For this reason we designed the presented research to reflect our goal to reappraise the scope of professional competences and define the required professional functions of social workers working with people with intellectual disability.

This monograph is dedicated not only to professionals working with this group of people but also aims at answering basic questions to practical issues that families with a intellectualy disabled member are coming into contact with.

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Martin Škára

Filozofia je vo svojich dejinách popretkávaná niekoľkými princípmi, ktoré vnášajú do tohto druhu myslenia svetlo a poriadok, nech už ide o systémovú alebo nesystémovú podobu filozofovania. Každý z princípov predstavuje svojím spôsobom počiatok (ἀρχή) akéhokoľvek deduktívneho usudzovania, no nie všetky filozofické výpovede a koncepcie sú povinné postupovať rovnako, pretože nie všetky filozofické výpovede a koncepcie sú kalkulom. Vlastne, takáto podoba racionalistického filozofovania je v dejinách filozofie skutočne menšinová. No aj napriek svojmu menšinovému zastúpeniu vždy do určitej miery vzbudí pozornosť či už tak, že sa stane pilierom myslenia samotného a nájde si svoje trvalé miesto v jeho základoch, alebo sa stane nevyhnutnou oporou filozofického uvažovania. Princípov v dejinách filozofického myslenia v skutočnosti nie je mnoho. Stav je daný predovšetkým rôznorodou a v mnohých prípadoch neracionalistickou povahou filozofického uvažovania. V tejto súvislosti možno bez váhania na jednej strane spomenúť niektoré princípy logiky ako princíp identity, princíp negácie sporu, princíp vylúčenia tretieho a iné. Na druhej strane spomeniem dva osobitné princípy, ktoré s logikou v skutočnosti majú spoločné len to, že sú z nej odvodené. Prvý z nich je známy ako Occamova britva. Druhý dostal veľmi špecifické pomenovanie, ktoré však príliš veľa svetla do jeho pochopenia neprináša, skôr naopak – už samotné pomenovanie princípu vnáša do jeho pochopenia mnohé prekážky: principium rationis sufficientis alebo princíp dostatočného dôvodu. Po prvýkrát ho formuluje a aj na jeho základe buduje svoju metafyziku (kontingencie) G. W. Leibniz. O takmer tri storočia neskôr prejaví o tento princíp záujem Martin Heidegger. Nenápadnosť a takmer nevysvetliteľná jasnosť tohto princípu ho očarí natoľko, že mu venuje jeden prednáškový kurz v letnom semestri 1928 v Marburgu – kurz známy ako Metafyzické základy logiky podľa Leibniza (Die Metaphysische Anfangsgründe der Logik im Ausgang von Leibniz). Definitívne sa k nemu vyjadrí v zimnom semestri 1955-1956 vo Freiburgu v prednáške s názvom Der Satz vom Grund. Heideggerova deštrukcia princípu smeruje od principium rationis sufficientis k pojmu dôvod-základ (Grund). Zámerom, ktorý Heidegger touto cestou sleduje, je premyslenie otázky Bytia bez jestvujúcna, Bytia, ktoré prostredníctvom pojmu dôvod-základ (Grund) nadobúda zakladajúci charakter. Ukazuje sa však, že s definitívnou platnosťou nemožno ani v tomto prípade vyrieknuť ortieľ nad možnosťou myslenia Bytia bez jestvujúcna. Preto pokus o prekonanie metafyziky a nastolenie nového myslenia a jeho úlohy ostáva len pokusom.

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Ján Šimko - Dušan Šlosár

The monograph is dealing with the issue of homosexuality and homophobia in the context of social work and it is divided into five chapters, which are devoted to individual fields of the tackled issue. The first chapter is describing the phenomenon of homosexuality in the society; the focus is put on human sexuality and sexual orientation. The following chapter is clarifying the formation of homosexual identity in connection to coming out and it describes its frequently utilized models. The third chapter is devoted to the concepts of heteronormativity and heterosexism in the social context.

Furthermore, the chapter is dealing with the formation of attitudes towards this issue from the point of view of religion and masculinity. Another chapter is describing homophobia as the result of heteronormativity, stereotypes and prejudice.

In the last chapter, the authors are introducing selected social work theories dealing with the homosexual minority, the approaches to LGBT+ community and suggestions towards elimination of homophobia within the social work environment.

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Vladimír Leško - Zlatica Plašienková (eds.)

Filozofický zborník Kant v kontextoch Husserlovej a Heideggerovej filozofie je prezentáciou výsledkov II. medzinárodnej filozofickej konferencie, ktorá sa uskutočnila v dňoch 5. – 7. novembra 2008 na akademickej pôde UPJŠ v Košiciach. Konferenciu pripravila Katedra filozofie a dejín filozofie FF UPJŠ vo veľmi úzkej spolupráci so Slovenským filozofickým združením pri SAV v Bratislave.

Štruktúra predkladaného zborníka bola rozvrhnutá do troch základných častí. V prvej časti sú publikované príspevky, ktoré odzneli na konferencii a predstavujú rozhodujúcu obsahovú súčasť nášho zborníka. Jednotlivé príspevky sú zaradené v takom poradí, v akom odzneli na konferencii. V druhej časti zborníka sú publikované vystúpenia zo slávnostnej inaugurácie udeľovania čestného titulu Doctor honoris causa Milanovi Sobotkovi a Teodorovi Münzovi. V tretej časti je publikovaná fotodokumentácia, v ktorej je zachytený slávnostný akademický akt udeľovania čestného titulu Doctor honoris causa.

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Jaroslav Marcin - Viktória Marcinová a kol.

This little book started out in a way that probably many other scholarly publications do: When the five of us met as doctoral students and instructors in the Department of British and American Studies, we soon realized that our research overlapped on a number of points. Most prominent among those was our interest in political or politicallymotivated discourse and the study of myths and manipulation that it employed. 

In the end, we decided to pool the results of our research together in order to create a more complex picture, providing a variety of perspectives and voices. In our endeavor, we were greatly aided by the financial support we received from a grant offered by the Šafárik University. The outcome of these efforts is the five chapters of this brief, but hopefully informative and insightful monograph.

In Chapter 1, Viktória Marcinová deals with the impact of totalitarian ideology on the translation of so-called “capitalist” drama during the first stage of normalization in Slovakia (1948-1968). In Chapter 2, the focus shifts to political discourse and manipulation in a democracy, as Jaroslav Marcin takes a closer look at the wartime rhetoric of American presidents. USA remains the focus also in Chapter 3, but this time the question, addressed by Martina Martausová, will be one of the myth of the American Dream and its presentation in post-9/11 United States. A similar idea, though in a different geographical-cultural context, is dealt with in Chapter 4, where Božena Velebná identifies myths of Scottish identity as portrayed in historic films. Finally, in Chapter 5, Eduard Soták will take a look at the role of the mass media within the topic of politically-motivated discourse and spread of political ideology.

It is our hope that in this way we can contribute to a better understanding of politically-motivated discourse, manipulation and the use of myths. Through interweaving the results of our research and our analyses, we hope to provide a more complex look at the topic in question, which we feel is missing at the moment.

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Soňa Lovašová a kol.

Násilie v práci je problémom, ktorému sa venuje pozornosť už päťdesiat rokov. Klientske násilie je jednou z jeho podôb. Ide o prípady, keď je agresorom človek, prichádzajúci do inštitúcie za účelom využitia jej služieb. Klientske násilie sa týka všetkých pomáhajúcich profesií. Táto monografia sa zaoberá špecifikami klientskeho násilia v sociálnej práci. Okrem teoretických výstupov ponúka aj výsledky výskumu realizovaného na vzorke 1170 respondentov, pracovníkov priameho kontaktu s klientom vo vybraných subjektoch poskytujúcich služby v sociálnej oblasti v SR. Monografia predstavuje súhrn trojročnej práce ôsmich odborníkov. Každý z autorov sa podieľal v rámci svojho odborného zamerania a vniesol do riešenia problematiky iné hľadisko. Hlavným zámerom bolo priniesť rôznorodosť pohľadov na riešenú problematiku a pokúsiť sa skĺbiť ich do kompaktného celku. Tak vznikla monografia, ktorá obsahuje zaujímavé teoretické východiská obsiahnuté v šiestich teoretických kapitolách počnúc úvodnou kapitolou o postavení klientskeho násilia v oblasti násilia v práci. Ďalšie kapitoly sa venujú riziku a rizikovosti sociálnej práce, etickým aspektom, osobnosti sociálneho pracovníka a rizikovým oblastiam sociálnej práce. Kapitola o výskume predkladá čitateľovi projekt výskumu a tri podkapitoly zistení spracovaných v tabuľkách a podrobne popísaných. Posledná časť monografie sa venuje prevencii a skupinovej práci. Dôležitou súčasťou sú aj prílohy, kde sa nachádza dotazníková batéria, program realizovaný na študentoch sociálnej práce a návrh programu pre pracovníkov v sociálnej oblasti.

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Ľubov Vladyková

Vysokoškolská učebnica predstavuje panorámu ekologicko - etických konceptov - ekologické etiky, ako možnosť kultúrneho vývoja a naznačuje pokračujúce hľadanie vzťahov s cieľom uznať význam etiky a jej vplyvu na naše porozumenie a náš vzťah so svetom prírody, vrátane scenárov primerane odrážajúcich interakciu človek - príroda v celej ich zložitosti. Osobitná pozornosť je venovaná otázke vnútorného hodnotenie prírody, ľudského a mimoľudského života, a to tak na individuálnej a holistickej úrovni (biocentrizmu) a hodnote fyzikálnych prvkov ekosystémov (ecocentrism).

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Lívia Barnišinová

The scientific monograph "Spirituality in Slovak Realist and Modernist Literature" reevaluates interpretative approaches to the spiritual dimension in prose texts of Slovak literature from the realist and modernist periods. The author transcends stereotypical views on spirituality, often confined to religious themes, and advocates for an interdisciplinary approach and new methodological approaches in literary-critical research. The monograph focuses on literary characters and their spiritual dimension in connection with other compositional and semantic elements of literary texts. It does not offer a definitive view on the topic but aims to open discussion and highlight the need for a reassessment of the literary canon and the openness of artistic literature to multiple interpretations. The analysis of texts from Slovak realism and literary modernism demonstrated a differentiated spirituality and its artistic portrayal. The phenomenon of spirituality is present in the texts along the axis of explicitness - implicitness - latency and has its specific manifestation in shaping literary characters through psychologization, introspection, and spiritual depth.

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Martin Škára

The presented university textbook is a reaction to two fundamental shortcomings. The first one is the absence of a similar, if not equivalent, textbook in the Slovak university environment. The second shortcoming is the mistake that Leibniz's philosophy is a system called monadology.

The presented textbook corrects this mistake and at the same time fills the gap of the absence of this kind of textbook with a Leibniz subject. For the above reasons, the presented textbook brings a new perspective on the philosophy of G. W. Leibniz, especially in the period of early philosophical beginnings with an overlap into the so-called Paris period and the De summa rerum period up to the first philosophical doctrinal formulation expressed in the Discours de métaphysique (Winter 1685-1686). The textbook is conceived as a selection of sections of source texts translated by the author of the textbook from French and partly from Latin and equipped with comments accessible to the target audience.

It is therefore the author's wish that this textbook not only serve as a form of correction for the misinterpretation of Leibniz's philosophy, but as an inspiring text that will introduce the reader to the world of Leibniz's philosophy in its undistorted light.

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Kristína Bosáková

The textbook for the course of Philosophical Anthropology should help the students of philosophy in major subject as much as of philosophy as minor in combination with other study programs in social sciences and STEM disciplines, to develop their own ideas and opinions about the question of human being in the philosophy. Its aim is to make a short introduction into the field of philosophical anthropology and to educate the students in the most important topics of the discipline.

Every chapter consist of the theoretical part and of the practical analysis of the text, which is followed by three questions at the end of each chapter. Students, who will later become the philosophy teachers, shall learn how to discuss and teach several topics from the philosophical anthropology in their future classes. Therefore, the textbook is suitable as much for the pedagogical as for the non-pedagogical study programs.

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