Aktuálne otázky migrácie z pohľadu medzinárodného práva s osobitným zreteľom na Chartu práv Európskej únie

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Adam Giertl (ed.)

Zborník príspevkov z IX. ročníka študentského Sympózia z medzinárodného a európskeho práva konaného dňa 22. apríla 2016 na pôde Právnickej fakulty Univerzity P. J. Šafárika v Košiciach

Ako vyplýva zo samotného názvu IX. ročníka študentského sympózia z medzinárodného a európskeho práva: „Aktuálne otázky migrácie z pohľadu medzinárodného práva s osobitným zreteľom na Chartu základných práv Európskej únie“, jeho účastníci sa zamerali na mimoriadne aktuálnu tému európskej migrácie, ktorú skúmali z rôznych aspektov ako medzinárodného, tak aj úniového práva (celkom 9 príspevkov).

Pri posudzovaní úlohy jednotlivých aktérov podieľajúcich sa hlavnou mierou na riešení problémov vznikajúcich v dôsledku migrácie do Európy bola zdôraznená predovšetkým úloha medzinárodných špecializovaných organizácií, ktoré často priamo v „teréne“ pomáhajú migrantom s ich neľahkým údelom prostredníctvom humanitárnej, prípadne lekárskej pomoci. Táto však netvorí jedinú reagenciu medzinárodného spoločenstva, nakoľko ju dotvára ako činnosť dotknutých štátov, tak aj rôznych nevládnych organizácií a dobrovoľníkov.

V súvislosti s hodnotením činnosti Európskej únie sa účastníci sympózia zhodli na tom, že masová migračná vlna ju zasiahla pomerne nepripravenú a to ako po inštitucionálnej, legislatívnej a technickej stránke sprevádzanej neujasnenosťou v zaujatí základného prístupu k tejto skutočnosti. Bolo tiež zdôraznené, že k týmto pochybeniam došlo napriek tomu, že vývoj v predošlom období jasne signalizoval možnosť prerastania postupnej migrácie do Európskej únie do masovej podoby. Dodatočné ex post a niekedy aj oneskorené opatrenia prijímané ako reakcia na už prebiehajúci migračný proces podľa názoru účastníkov sympózia prispeli k celkovému zvýšeniu politického napätia v EÚ a rozdelili jej členské štáty do protikladných táborov.

V rámci analýzy legislatívnych nástrojov EÚ na regulovanie migrácie bola detailnejšia pozornosť venovaná tzv. nariadeniu Dublin III, ako aj vplyvu Charty základných práv Európskej únie na spoločný azylový systém (vo svetle vybraných rozhodnutí Európskeho súdneho dvora).

Účastníci sympózia sa tiež oboznámili so základnými zásadami migračnej politiky Austrálie, ktorá v súčasnosti predstavuje celkovo úspešný model riešenia hromadnej migrácie. V rámci diskusie účastníci došli k spoločnému názoru, že austrálsky migračný model môže predstavovať určitú „inšpiráciu“ aj pre Európu a to najmä vo včasnej reagencii na migračné toky aj prostredníctvom osobitných dohovorov Úvodom 9 o spolupráci s krajinami, odkiaľ migranti prichádzajú, ako aj v určitej „flexibilite“ azylového systému. Táto sa môže prejaviť v zavedení dočasného azylového režimu pre azylantov (napríklad 2-3 roky) sprevádzaného monitoringom politickej a bezpečnostnej situácie v jeho domovskom štáte. V prípade, že sa situácia v tomto štáte upokojí azylantovi nebude predĺžený poskytnutý azyl a umožní sa mu odchod do domovského štátu.

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978-80-8152-436-3

Data sheet

Method of publication:
E-book (pdf)
Editor:
Adam Giertl
Document type:
Proceedings
Number of pages:
152
Available from:
30.09.2016
Year of publication:
2016
Edition:
1st edition
Publication language:
Slovak
Faculty:
Faculty of Law
Note:
Zborník vznikol v rámci riešenia projektu APVV-0814-12 Záväznosť a aplikovateľnosť Charty základných práv Európskej únie pre členský štát a v členskom štáte s osobitným zreteľom na súdnu moc v Slovenskej republike.
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