Chirurgická liečba cerebrovaskulárnej insuficiencie

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Emil Fraenkel  Martin Kaško Jana Deptová

The authors address the current view on the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, while the following sections are devoted to classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and epidemiology of diabetes. The work provides insights into outpatient therapeutic management of patients by specialists and during hospitalisation for acute complications of diabetes, taking into account the latest recommendations from the last two years. Separate chapters are devoted to the management of associated and concomitant diseases, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or complications of diabetes, including cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, nephropathy, and ocular complications. The work also discusses the issue of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy, including gestational diabetes mellitus. A special chapter, written by a co-author, is devoted to the issue of osteoporosis in patients with diabetes mellitus.

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Jozef Kafka

Behavior, in the slovak language expressed as an intention, belongs to basic mental processes of every individual. In this work I consider it as the basic component of an individual having two sides, outer- and inner side. I present it in the scheme No. 2.

The problem of behavior can not be fully covered, although there is a lot of writing, discussing and experimenting by ancient time.

The work may offer only few comments, approaching maily disorders of behavior. I present the original explanation of these disorders, dividing them on primary and derived ones. Primary disorders create the core of the disorder, derived disorders create a component of other disorders.

My classification of primary disorders is as follows:

1. age dependent disorders of behavior
2. disorders in the dynamical structure and in phases of behavior
3. integrative disorders of behavior, disorders of the will, which is the sign of the developed behavior of the individual.

The work is addresses to everone who is interested in his/her owm behavior, but especially for the Medical faculty and psychiatrists, for students of all our faculties.

Author 

Alžbeta Blichárová - Ľudmila Verbóová - Zuzana Benetinová - Vladimír Tancoš  - Patrícia Kollárová  - Adam Nedoroščík - Erika Štammová  - Pavel Kočan

“Pathology Part 2 (summer semester) - Practical lessons for students of dental medicine” represents the second half of the university textbook designed for the pregradual study of pathology. The textbook complements the lectures of pathology and serves as a source of information for students of dental medicine, that are preparing for the practical credit, as well as the final oral examination.

In this part of the “Pathology” series, forty-four selected histopathological slides are presented. Each selected slide is provided with general information in relation to etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, as well as with corresponding morphological features, including the gross appearance and the most important histopathological characteristics. The textbook summarizes the basic concepts of systemic pathology (pathology of the heart, vessels, lungs, gastrointestinal, urogenital system, breast, musculoskeletal, nervous system, skin and infancy) and pathology of the orofacial region, that is logical continuation and completion of general pathology in the first semester.

Michal Legiňa kol.

Progress in biology and medicine has always been significantly related to advances in physics. Not only has physics supplied instruments and methods of measurement that have led to many discoveries in physiology and medicine, but methods of physical research have changed many of the older approaches to the biologic sciences. Such circumstances have even led to development of a new scientific field: biophysics, which uses to a great extent physical instrumentation procedures applied to an experimental system. Because any instrument is an additional factor in any experimental system, it may affect the data. To interpret physical data on biological material correctly then, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of instrument response.

A practical course enables a student to acquire some skills, experience and methodological knowledge for performance of experiments and evaluation of measured data. Due to the fast development of instrumentation technology, it is not possible to teach every operation and procedure upon instruments we may use in a future. Besides the basic physical principles, the aim of a practical course is to point out some general rules and skills for instrument operation and for the interpretation of the measured values derived from such operation.

There are two kinds of lessons in practical courses. The first one focuses on laboratory measurements of some important physical quantities and the evaluation of the measured data. These measured quantities are components of the subject “medical biophysics” or of the phenomena studied. Experience provided in managing various scales and tables, as well as in the construction of tables and graphs is substantial. Lessons also enable students to repeat and to strengthen their knowledge of secondary school physics, which is useful for understanding of many phenomena studied in medical biophysics. The second kind of lesson provides experience with some of the diagnostic and therapeutic medical instruments, which can be seen in practical medicine.

The understanding of basic physical principles of corresponding instruments is both recommended and demanded. Theoretical preparation is not only an appropriate condition for the practical managing of the whole lesson, but also helps to avoid injury. This textbook, therefore, intends to help students in preparing for both the practical lessons and the final exam.

Authors

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Jana Diabelková

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Jozef Židzik - Terézia Hudáková - Martina Šemeláková - Ján Šalagovič

Methods in human genetics and molecular biology encompass various experimental, diagnostic and analytical techniques used to investigate the structure, function, expression, and regulation of genes, as well as general molecular processes in human cells. The university textbook Methods in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology provides a comprehensive overview of classical and modern experimental and analytical procedures. In fifteen chapters, it addresses methods such as PCR, RFLP, FISH, Western blot, DNA sequencing, DNA microarrays, molecular cloning, cytogenetic analysis, and forensic genetic analysis. The book is primarily intended as study material for the course of the same name taught in the 2nd year of study at the UPJŠ Faculty of Medicine, but it can also be used by all university students in the fields of biology, biotechnology, and related disciplines.

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Lucia Dimunová - Jana Michalková - Gabriela Štefková - Mária Zamboriová

Following innovative trends in university education, this academic textbook offers guidance to update and make the educational process more attractive for all healthcare professions. It applies critical thinking and strategic method of concept mapping in teaching, which are suitable tools for the facilitator and the educant to achieve the desired goal. Critical thinking is an essential academic skill upon which other knowledge and intellectual virtues can be built. It is also an essential equipment for every graduate of the healthcare profession.

The textbook is complemented by a chapter focusing on methods for structural and formative assessment of learning outcomes. The publication is also enriched with sample digital concept maps of which cognitive content can be edited and graphically modified.

The aim of this academic textbook is to present a way of acquiring knowledge through critical thinking using concept mapping as a method, with the final goal of implementing the acquired knowledge into everyday practice.

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Ivana Hockicková-Ondrej Zahornacký

The textbook „Selected chapters in Infectology“ is a comprehensive study material about selected infectious diseases for students of medicine as well as other healthcare professions. It is primarily intended for students of general and dental medicine. It is the first textbook of its kind, aiming to provide students with comprehensive information about different types of infectious diseases, including their causes, typical symptoms, diagnostics, treatment and prevention. It is divided into a total of 18 chapters. The textbook is written in accordance with the latest knowledge about infectious diseases and serves as the foundation for success in the Infectology subject.

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Jozef Kafka 

Otázky človeka, jeho bytia, násilie znepokojujú ľudí od najdávnejších čias ľudskej spoločnosti a sú nemalými problémami aj v prítomnosti. V tejto pôvodnej práci, ktorej predchádzali viaceré štúdie autora (najpodrobnejšie Kafka, 2002), sa zameriavam na opísanie násilia vo všetkých základných formách, čo je jednou z jej osobitostí. Podávam operačný výmer násilia:

Násilie je vedomá ľudská činnosť využívajúca ako prostriedok násilného činu fyzickú alebo psychickú silu na ovplyvnenie druhého človeka (pri pôsobení na seba ide o zvláštny prípad násilia), ktorý potom koná pod vplyvom tohto pôsobenia nedobrovoľne, z donútenia.

Nazdávam sa, že násilie charakterizuje určitá situácia, v ktorej sa stretávajú najmenej dvaja ľudia: aktér násilia a obeť násilia, alebo sa stretajú dvaja aktéri a jeden z nich sa zvyčajne stane obeťou. To je však osobitný prípad, ktorým sa teraz nebudem zaoberať. Ak je násilie zamerané proti vlastnej osobe, je aktér násilia súčasne aj obeťou. Aktér, ktorého osobnosť a motívy bývajú rôzne, začína násilný čin využívajúc pritom viaceré prostriedky a pôsobí nimi na druhého človeka, ktorého núti vykonávať svoju vôľu, čím sa tento stáva obeťou. Celý akt má určité následky. Napadnutý sa môže brániť tak, že násilie zvládne alebo to môže skončiť tragicky, keď násiliu podľahne. Táto relatívne jednoduchá reakcia sa stáva zložitejšou pri skupinovej forme násilia a celkom neprehľadnou pri hromadnom násilí.

Opisujem tieto základné formy násilia:

• - násilie proti vlastnej osobe vrátane samovraždy,
• - násilie individuálne, spôsobené jedným aktérom násilia,
• - násilie skupinové, charakterizované malými skupinami,
• - násilie hromadné alebo kolektívne medzi veľkými skupinami, vrátane vojen a revolúcií,
• - násilie proti neživej a živej prírode.

Práca končí krátkou analýzou liečby násilného správania a dôsledkov násilia s možnosťami jej prevencie. Opieram sa aj o vlastné skúsenosti s prejavmi násilia v psychiatrických zariadeniach. Nazdávam sa, že je to práca veľmi aktuálna, informatívna, ale aj pôvodná, lebo podáva v koncentrovanej podobe celý rozsiahly fenomén násilia s jeho základnými charakteristikami. Podobnú prácu v našej literatúre nemáme.

Autor

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Denisa Harvanová (ed.)

The proceedings contain abstracts submitted by participants of the international scientific event entitled "MVDr. Ján Rosocha, CSc. Memorial" (3rd year). The event is part of a bilateral project named: "Extracellular vesicles: a promising cell-free therapy for cartilage repair (SK-AT-23-0005)", which is implemented within the framework of cooperation between Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia, and the University for Continuing Education Krems in Austria. It is funded by the Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV) under the bilateral call Slovakia-Austria 2023 and by OEAD – Agency for Education and Internationalisation under the project number SK11/2024. The MVDr. Ján Rosocha, CSc. Memorial (3rd year) was held on October 14, 2025, on the premises of the Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Slovak Republic.

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Lucia Dimunová - Jana Raková - Gabriela Štefková

 Helena Mičková a kol. 

 John B. West - Andrej Andrašovský

West’s Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials is the gold standard text for learning respiratory physiology quickly and easily. This highly readable, must-have text serves as an introduction to students and a review for licensing and other exams. The Tenth Edition features the addition of Dr. Andrew M. Luks as co-author along with new clinical vignettes, additional multiple-choice review questions, and updated information on key topics in respiratory physiology, such as blood flow and metabolism, gas transport by the blood, and the physiology of high altitude.

• New! Clinical vignettes with questions emphasize how the physiology described can be applied to clinical situations and reinforce reasoning and critical thinking.
• More than 100 multiple-choice questions with full explanations provide self-testing of key concepts for comprehension and exam preparation.
• Clinical boxes and Key Concepts summaries provide bullet-point reviews.
• Appendices of important equations and answers to all questions are easily referenced.
• Online resources include animations that expand on and clarify challenging topics, an interactivequestion bank, and lectures by Dr. West.

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Ján Kučera - Eva Kovaľová - Juraj Strecha

Peri-implantation diseases such as peri-implantitis and mucositis have a wide range of prevalence. Several etiological factors and the interaction of risk factors influence their onset and development. Careful investigation determines the diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Treatment, depending on the condition, is either non-surgical or surgical. Systematic postoperative care, a recall system, and patient instruction and cooperation are essential, which create the preconditions for successful implant treatment.

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Marek Stupák et al.

Medical Chemistry presents an overview of the most important topics of general, organic and bioinorganic chemistry for students of General and Dental Medicine study programs. Its aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the subject Medical Chemistry and for understanding processes and chemical reactions which are taking place in the human body.

Each topic directly links chemical principles to the processes in living organisms and thus can help the students to clearly see the application of the presented information. Therefore, it also provides a good starting point for further study of Medical Biochemistry, for which the knowledge of these principles is necessary.

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