Biology - Sample Questions for Entrance Exam
H.Mičková - V.Habalová - J.Židzik - E.Slabá

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+421 55 234 1635Mária Mareková - Marek Stupák - Peter Urban - Jana Mašlanková -
Beáta Hupková - Miroslava Rabajdová
Publikácia je určená záujemcom o štúdium na UPJŠ v Košiciach, Lekárskej fakulte v odbore všeobecné lekárstvo a zubné lekárstvo. Obsahuje 1500 modelových otázok z chémie, ktoré sú spracované v súlade so vzdelávacím programom na gymnáziách a ktoré tvoria podklady písomných testov na prijímacích skúškach. Otázky na prijímacích skúškach však nemusia presne kopírovať otázky v tejto publikácii. Odpovede na otázky sú riešené formou ponúkaných variantných odpovedí obsahujúcich správne aj nesprávne možností, pričom správne odpovede sú uvedené v kľúči na konci publikácie. Táto publikácia vám poskytne možnosť overiť si hĺbku a rozsah vašich vedomostí z chémie, ktoré ste nadobudli počas stredoškolského štúdia a zároveň vám uľahčí prípravu na úspešné absolvovanie prijímacej skúšky. Autori problematiku rozdelili do kapitol, čo vám umožní rýchlo sa zorientovať a zistiť, ktorej oblasti sa musíte v štúdiu viac venovať. Cieľom predkladanej publikácie je umožniť každému uchádzačovi, ktorý má o štúdium na lekárskej fakulte vážny záujem, dobre sa pripraviť na prijímacie konanie a v prípade prijatia, mať dobrý základ na štúdium daného odboru.
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H.Mičková - V.Habalová - J.Židzik - E.Slabá
E-book
Silvia Danková - Valéria Parová - Gabriela Štefková - Libuša Tirpáková
This university textbook is intended for students of the field of nursing and brings closer the issues in selected clinical fields of nursing, namely dermatovenerology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and dentistry.
It focuses on the characterization, management of care, reporting and dispensing of specific diseases and nursing care of selected diseases in these fields. It provides important information on the implementation of specific investigative methods and nursing activities that reflect the latest knowledge of the profession, professional guidelines and evidence-based practice.
The authors used relevant sources of domestic and foreign literature as well as electronic sources, which are listed at the end of individual chapters, when processing individual topics. The aim of the authors was to create a university textbook that would help nursing students to orientate themselves in the mentioned clinical fields, or could also be beneficial for nurses in practice.
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E-book
Eva Ďurovcová - Mária Mareková
After 7 years, we finally reworked the textbook on the subject of clinical biochemistry at UPJŠ FM in Košice. We have innovated information in accordance with recommendations of professional medical societies and added new chapters. As the scope of the subject is limited, the textbook does not cover all issues of biochemical diagnostics. It focuses on disorders of water-ion and acid-base balance disorders, and basic laboratory diagnostics of diseases of selected organs.
The textbook of clinical biochemistry has the ambition to become a practical aid for senior medical students and beginning doctors in the study of laboratory medicine. It should make it easier for them to orientate themselves in routinely used clinical-biochemical examinations and could form a springboard for a more detailed studying of laboratory methods and their use in diagnostic and monitoring algorithms.
Like any medical discipline, clinical biochemistry is evolving rapidly and gradually integrating with other areas of laboratory medicine. New diagnostic methods penetrate deeper into the essence of the biochemical mechanisms of the human body, and "omic" methods are gaining ground. It is almost sure that in a few years, laboratory examination looks quite different from today. If this publication quite hypothetically reaches its next edition, many chapters will need to updated, and new chapters written following the up-to-date status.
Authors thanks to their colleagues and reviewers for their professional comments and constructive criticism of the text - prof. Jaroslav Racek, MD, DrSc. from FM UK in Pilsen.
Authors thanks very kindly too prof. MUDr. Dušan Dobrota, CSc. (JFM UK Martin) and doc. MVDr. Zuzana Kostecká, PhD. (UVMP, Košice), who read and wrote review of this textbook.
E-book
Both clinical and radiation oncology are the most developing parts of medicine. Regardless of the physician´s specialization, all of them will have to face subjects with cancer in their daily clinical practice. It includes not only the treatment itself, but also obtaining the diagnosis, but also differential diagnosis and treatment of different adverse events caused by oncological treatment. This publication provides basic data about tumor characteristics necessary for oncologists to determine the final stage and choose the best treatment strategy. In addition, explains the basic oncological terms, forms of therapy, and provides information about treatment timing, combination strategies and expected outcomes. It explains main endpoints of clinical trials performed in oncology to understand them. In the second part this publication describes mechanism of action of all treatment modalities used in clinical oncology, provides information about potential side effects and basic knowledge how to deal with them. The last chapter is focused on palliative care, how to relieve symptoms of dying patient and how to deal with cancer-related pain.
E-book
Jozef Židzik - Terézia Hudáková - Martina Šemeláková - Ján Šalagovič
Methods in human genetics and molecular biology encompass various experimental, diagnostic and analytical techniques used to investigate the structure, function, expression, and regulation of genes, as well as general molecular processes in human cells. The university textbook Methods in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology provides a comprehensive overview of classical and modern experimental and analytical procedures. In fifteen chapters, it addresses methods such as PCR, RFLP, FISH, Western blot, DNA sequencing, DNA microarrays, molecular cloning, cytogenetic analysis, and forensic genetic analysis. The book is primarily intended as study material for the course of the same name taught in the 2nd year of study at the UPJŠ Faculty of Medicine, but it can also be used by all university students in the fields of biology, biotechnology, and related disciplines.
E-book
Monika Halánová-Leonard Siegfried
Although chronic non-communicable diseases currently dominate overall morbidity and mortality in developed countries, epidemics of infectious diseases, especially those caused by new or emerging pathogens, occur more frequently and spread faster and further in new territories. The starting factors of this threat are mainly ecological and climatic changes and changes in human demography and behaviour. The growing resistance to ATB is also very serious, as a result of which there is a significant increase in the incidence of infectious diseases and their spread to new geographical locations. Current problems of epidemiology and microbiology in research and clinical practice are mainly focused on rapid detection and subsequent response to diagnosed diseases. The correct diagnosis of an infectious disease is the result of a clinical picture, knowledge of the current epidemiological situation and laboratory confirmation of the etiological agent. The identification of microorganisms allows us to establish the correct definitive diagnosis and subsequent targeted therapy, but also to start immediately with appropriate anti-epidemic measures to control the spread of the infectious agent.
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E-publication
Jaroslav Majerník - Andrea Kačmariková
The university textbook "Databases in MS Access – accompanying texts for practical exercises" is intended for medical students, students of non-technical universities, and all beginners in working with databases. It introduces the reader to the issues of database processing and explains the basic principles that need to be known when creating relational databases. It is therefore suitable for those who have not yet worked with databases or who are considering managing their data using their own database. However, even more experienced computer users can find useful information here. This university textbook is written in such a way that its content can be mastered with basic knowledge of working with computers and programs running in any version of the MS Windows operating system.
E-book
The publication "News in Diabetology and Lipidology" focuses on extremely relevant topics in diabetology and lipidology, reflecting the state of these issues in light of the recommendations from professional societies from 2019. In diabetology, it primarily addresses the intensification of antidiabetic treatment using modern drug classes—specifically, incretin enhancers and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors (gliflozins). Few medical fields have experienced such a development of new pharmacological options as diabetology has in the last two decades. While pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes (DM2) was limited to the use of biguanides, sulfonylurea derivatives, and insulin throughout the second half of the last century, recent years have introduced entirely new groups of oral antidiabetics with cardio- and nephroprotective effects. In lipidology, it pertains to the new recommendations from the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) with new treatment goals for serum lipids and lipoproteins, including the use of biological therapies.
This textbook is primarily intended for medical students in doctoral studies and doctoral candidates, as well as for physicians preparing for specialization exams in internal medicine, endocrinology, diabetology, metabolic disorders and nutrition, as well as cardiology and angiology. I believe that readers will find information in this publication that will aid them in their studies and translate into their daily clinical practice.
Author
E-kniha
Silvia Farkašová Iannaccone a kol.
The history of ethics represents the search for a fundamental principle that would enable a person to distinguish between moral and immoral, good and evil, or right and wrong. The main issues are the motives, methods, and consequences of human actions.
The integrity of the medical profession emphasizes lifelong study and practice according to professional competence, and, last but not least, adherence to ethical principles and standards of medical ethics. Medical ethics and the related communication in the process of providing healthcare are becoming increasingly relevant topics. Communication between doctor and patient itself constitutes a very important part of the diagnostic process and treatment; it significantly contributes to the creation of a mutual relationship and, to a considerable extent, ensures patient cooperation.
The development of various information and network technologies allows for rapid communication even in medicine; however, a kind word and real contact with the patient, with an appropriate choice of verbal and nonverbal communication tools in personal contact, cannot be replaced by modern technology. The present era places demands on certain communication skills of the physician. Another ethical and legal issue is informed consent, which brings the patient’s active participation in the process of providing healthcare.
The presented publication provides basic information about medical ethics, communication in medicine in general, and communication skills in medical practice. Further chapters are devoted to the issue of informed consent, ethics, and the specifics of communication with selected groups of patients. We believe that this publication will clarify for the reader the basic ethical pillars and will be helpful for basic orientation in the issues of medical communication.
Ingrid Babinská - Monika Halánová
Epidemiológia je samostatný vedný odbor, ktorý sa zaoberá štúdiom procesu vzniku a šírenia ochorení, navrhuje opatrenia na ochranu a zlepšenie zdravia a kontroluje ich účinnosť. Jej hlavným cieľom je prispievať k znižovaniu chorobnosti a úmrtnosti, k ochrane a upevňovaniu zdravia, ako aj k predĺženiu života a zlepšeniu jeho kvality u jednotlivcov a v populácii.
Aj napriek tomu, že dominantné postavenie v celkovej morbidite a mortalite vo vyspelých krajinách majú v súčasnosti chronické neinfekčné ochorenia, epidémie infekčných ochorení sa vyskytujú stále. Dnešná doba so sebou prináša nové hrozby, ktorým musí epidemiológia, ale aj iné vedné odbory (napr. verejné zdravotníctvo, infektológia, cestovná medicína a pod.) čeliť. Ide najmä o infekcie vyvolané novými alebo novo sa objavujúcimi patogénmi, zmeny životného prostredia a životného štýlu, klimatické zmeny, rastúca rezistencia na antibiotiká, odmietanie očkovania, chudoba a pod.
Prvý diel predkladaných učebných textov prináša informácie týkajúce sa epidemiologického vyšetrovania v ohnisku nákazy, prehľad o klasifikácii infekčných chorôb z pohľadu epidemiológa a podrobnejšie sa venuje problematike črevných nákaz. Samostatná kapitola je venovaná modelovým situáciám, ktoré prispejú k pochopeniu danej problematiky a zvládnutiu obdobných situácií priamo v praxi.
Učebné texty sú prioritne určené študentom bakalárskeho a magisterského štúdia odboru Verejné zdravotníctvo, ale určite si v ňom množstvo informácii nájdu aj študenti Všeobecného lekárstva a študenti ďalších bakalárskych a magisterských odborov Lekárskej fakulty UPJŠ v Košiciach.
E-book
Adriana Boleková a kol.
The book is primarily intended for first-year university students, but it is suitable for anyone who needs to learn. Students can find here the basic principles of learning, principles of how to preserve knowledge, how to concentrate without wasting time, how not to stress before a test or exam and many other practical tips. By acquiring simple knowledge, students will be able to learn effectively with the principles of brain-compatible learning in a way that they will acquire as much information as possible in the shortest period of time with maximum retention; that is minimal forgetting.
The book can serve not only as a theoretical background, but also as a practical tool for mastering university education. The goal was to create a balanced material that would be an interesting source not only for first-year university students, but also for students of higher years and for everyone with a need of lifelong learning.
E-book
Zuzana Dankulincová, Daniela Husárová
In the context of the deteriorating state of adolescent mental health, it is extremely important to optimize the existing mental health care system in Slovakia. There is still little comprehensive and coherent information about the functioning of the system and the process of providing assistance within professional care, its shortcomings or suggestions for improvement. This is not possible without a deep knowledge of the perspective and experiences of adolescents with mental problems themselves. The aim of this publication is therefore to present adolescents' views on the professional assistance provided as a result of experienced mental problems within the existing care system in Slovakia.
The findings from a qualitative study that focused on the views of young people themselves are presented. The chapters of the monograph capture their views on the perception of mental health problems in society, their experiences with identifying emerging problems and seeking professional help, and their experiences with the care process itself and its forms. They also capture their overall experience with both care and care providers, as well as with leaving care and its impacts in various areas. Finally, a view is presented of possible recommendations that could improve the mental health care provided from the adolescents' perspective.
This publication is intended primarily for all professionals working with adolescents with mental health problems in all branches of care, teachers and other educational staff who are in contact with them every day at school, and last but not least, all competent policy makers who care about the mental health of adolescents and have the power to improve the care provided to them.
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Plastická chirurgia je vysoko špecializovaný medicínsky odbor, ktorý sa zaoberá korekciou defektov, rekonštrukciou a zdokonaľovaním ľudského tela.
Náplňou plastickej chirurgie je korekcia rôznych defektov, vrodených i získaných. Medzi vrodené chyby patria deformity tváre, rázštepy pery a podnebia, deformity ušnice, vrodené vývojové chyby končatín. Najčastejšie získané defekty sú po poraneniach, po chirurgických výkonoch, po fyzikálnych poškodeniach kože a štruktúr krytých kožou.
Do plastickej chirurgie patrí i estetická chirurgia, onkochirurgia a mikrochirurgia, ktorá si zaslúži osobitnú pozornosť. Novými trendami v estetickej chirurgii je rekonštrukcia pomocou tukového tkaniva, kmeňových buniek, používanie rôznych umelých materiálov a implantátov.
Predložené učebné texty v jednotlivých kapitolách popisujú základné princípy plastickej chirurgie, používanie lalokových plastík a iné možnosti krytia defektov. V ôsmych kapitolách sú jednotlivo popísané chirurgické možnosti rekonštrukcie tváre, trupu a končatín. Učebné texty venujú pozornosť malígnym a benígnym kožným tumorom a ich liečbe. Posledná kapitola sa zaoberá najčastejšími estetickými operáciami ako sú augmentácia a redukcia prsníkov, facelifting či blefaroplastika.
E-book
Peter Fedoročko (eds.)
From June 14 to June 17, 2022, the 8th annual Spring School for Doctoral Students at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice will take place in Liptovský Ján. The scientific program of the spring school will comprise 3 plenary lectures by leading scientific experts and 1 workshop. Doctoral students will present their research papers in two sections: 22 doctoral students of Faculty of Public Administration, Faculty of Law and Faculty of Arts, and 26 doctoral students of Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science. The scientific programme of the spring school will also include a panel discussion with the management of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.
E-book
Nikita Bobrov et al.
History of ethics represents a search for basic principle, which would enable a distinction between moral and immoral, good and bad, right and wrong. The main problem lies in motives, methods and consequences of human conduct. The integrity of medical profession puts emphasis on life-long study and practice according to the professional competence, and last but not least on ethical principles and rules of medical ethics.
Medical ethics, as a part of bioethics, is currently taking on a huge importance in everyday clinical practice and must face many serious ethical issues regarding the whole system of health care. On general level the decision-making in medical practice is quite easy, based on the requirement to always act in the patient's best interest. However, it is often difficult to know exactly what is best for the patient, in a certain situation, for this particular patient. Also with each progress in medicine and its globalization, the more aspects of human lives are being affected.
Biomedical research, and the new treatment and diagnostic methods it provides are viewed differently in each country, therefore various cultural, religious, social and legal aspects must be considered in their assessment, as well as the basic principles of medical ethics. Worldwide effort on unifying ethical regulations on certain aspects of health care led to the establishment of many legally recognized documents the doctors must be familiar with.
Teaching ethics to students of medical school aims to educate the future doctors towards ethical decision-making, behaviour and professional conduct according to the basic principles of medical ethics.
This textbook provides the basic information on medical ethics for students of medical faculties and serves as a practical introduction to the most common ethical problems of health care provision for their future professional practise.
Authors
E-book
Martina Čižmáriková - Peter Takáč
It is known that pharmacology is a rapidly evolving medical field, with information about drug forms and their routes of administration constantly changing. In addition to the emergence of new drug forms, new trends are also observed in the routes of administration suitable for delivering drugs. Despite being significant factors influencing the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy – an indispensable component of comprehensive patient care – to our knowledge, there has been a lack of comprehensive and detailed textual material focused on this issue on the market. This fact is related to the broader scope of the professional text we are presenting, as rare drug forms or less commonly used routes of administration are only marginally mentioned or not mentioned at all in available pharmacology textbooks.
Our main goal was therefore to provide sufficient information about existing drug forms, their routes of administration, as well as their methods of delivery, which should serve to enhance the quality of pharmacotherapy in the context of so-called "tailored treatment," whose main effort is to individualize treatment for a specific patient. Although the work focuses on drug application methods, a detailed description of the technical implementation of algorithms and other related procedures is the subject of interest for other fields (nursing, surgical propaedeutics, etc.). Overall, it is a supplementary educational text provided in electronic form, which is extremely popular in today's modern informatized era. Thanks to this, the work can be used at any time at home or in a school environment, comprehensively or progressively, partially. We have also tried to enhance its quality by appropriate content organization, inclusion of practical experiences, as well as the inclusion of colorful images or photographs, overview tables, and appendices.
The textbook is supplemented by test quizzes serving to verify acquired selected knowledge, which are published on the website of the Department of Pharmacology at the Medical Faculty of UPJŠ in Košice (under "Teaching" → "Taught subjects"), and which will be continuously supplemented and updated (http://www.lf.upjs.sk/farmakologia/TEST%201.htm; http://www.lf.upjs.sk/farmakologia/TEST%202.htm).
Although the work is primarily intended for medical students, or students of pharmacy and other healthcare fields, we firmly believe that enriching information will be found in it by beginning graduates of these fields, as well as their teachers.
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