Urolitiáza

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Zuzana Mačeková - Zuzana Katreniaková a kol.

Demencia je jednou z naliehavých a mimoriadne zložitých globálnych výziev pre zdravotnícke a sociálne systémy 21. storočia. Na Slovensku sa počet osôb s demenciou odhaduje na 62 495 (2018), pričom sa predpokladá, že v roku 2040 tento počet vzrastie na 180 000. Demencie zatiaľ patria k nevyliečiteľným chronickým stavom, ktorým nie je možné úplne predchádzať. V roku 2024 (Livingston a kol.) bol publikovaný aktualizovaný model tzv. potenciálne ovplyvniteľných faktorov, ktoré môžu prispieť k zvýšenému riziku demencie. Patria k nim: nízka úroveň vzdelania, strata sluchu, vysoký LDL cholesterol, depresia, úrazové poranenie mozgu, fyzická nečinnosť, diabetes mellitus, fajčenie, vysoký krvný tlak, obezita, nadmerná konzumácia alkoholu, sociálna izolácia, znečistené ovzdušie (vrátane pasívneho fajčenia) a strata zraku. Týchto 14 rizikových faktorov predstavuje približne 45 % celosvetových demencií, ktorým by sa teoreticky dalo predísť. Napriek narastajúcej dostupnosti informácií, úroveň povedomia verejnosti o preventívnych prístupoch v správaní sa k sebe samým, ktoré môžu nástup demencie významne oddialiť, zostáva nízka. Farmaceuti na Slovensku majú v súčasnosti adekvátne kompetencie, aby vedeli pomôcť aj v oblasti prevencie demencií. Niekedy stačí poradenstvo priamo v lekárni, vo vážnejších prípadoch odporúčanie navštíviť lekára pre ďalšie posúdenie zdravotného stavu. Každopádne, človek takto nezostáva so svojim problémom sám a dostane včasnú a potrebnú zdravotnú starostlivosť.

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Mária Rašiová

Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Academic textbook: Selected Chapters from Angiology is devoted to the most common vascular diseases that the angiologist encounters on a daily basis.

Dilated artery diseases (abdominal aortic aneurysm), as well as stenotizing diseases of peripheral arteries, are described. Diseases such as deep vein thrombosis, thrombophlebitis and chronic venous insufficiency are discussed in the venous vascular system section. I also deal with the most common lymphatic vascular system disease ˗ lymphoedema.

In the individual chapters the risk factors of the diseases, symptoms and signs, diagnostics, treatment modalities (pharmacological therapy, endovascular therapy, angiosurgical therapy) and possible complications of the therapy are briefly analyzed.

My priority was to present the information in a logical, interesting and comprehensible form for students and for common clinical practice.

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Dominik Šafčák

Both clinical and radiation oncology are the most developing parts of medicine. Regardless of the physician´s specialization, all of them will have to face subjects with cancer in their daily clinical practice. It includes not only the treatment itself, but also obtaining the diagnosis, but also differential diagnosis and treatment of different adverse events caused by oncological treatment. This publication provides basic data about tumor characteristics necessary for oncologists to determine the final stage and choose the best treatment strategy. In addition, explains the basic oncological terms, forms of therapy, and provides information about treatment timing, combination strategies and expected outcomes. It explains main endpoints of clinical trials performed in oncology to understand them.  In the second part this publication describes mechanism of action of all treatment modalities used in clinical oncology, provides information about potential side effects and basic knowledge how to deal with them. The last chapter is focused on palliative care, how to relieve symptoms of dying patient and how to deal with cancer-related pain. 

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Miriam Kozárová

Simulation-based medical education has become an integral part of medical education in the 21st century. It represents a modern and effective way to enable medical, nursing, emergency medicine, and other healthcare team members to safely develop clinical skills, decision-making abilities, and teamwork. Simulation-based medical education (SBME) is primarily about opportunities to try out and experience medical/nursing/rescue procedures in a safe environment without any risk to real patients.

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Peter Berek 

S vývojom endovaskulárnej chirurgie dochádza postupne k rozvoju stentingu ACI. Minimálne invazívny prístup spravil túto metodiku vhodnú pre pacientov s vážnymi konkomitatnými kardiálnymi alebo pľúcnymi ochoreniami. Ďalšou výhodou v porovnaní s chirurgickou liečbou bol lepší prístup k ACI u pacientov po rádioterapii, po predchádzajúcich operáciách na krku, ale aj u pacientov so stenózami blízko lebečnej bázy. Porovnanie CEA vs CAS je zaujímavou a diskutabilnou témou mnohých štúdií. Avšak, aj napriek celosvetovému mohutnému rozvoju endovaskulárnej liečby karotická endarterektómia ostáva zlatým štandardom liečby stenózy ACI u symptomatických aj asymptomatických pacientov.

V tejto monografii by sme radi akcentovali a systematizovali problematiku chirurgickej prevencie CMP z pohľadu cievneho chirurga.

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Jana Mašlanková

Colorectal carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the digestive system, and its rising incidence in Slovakia—particularly among the male population—is alarming. Although significant progress has been made in the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, therapeutic options remain limited, necessitating the discovery of additional markers to serve as prognostic predictors.

This monograph aims to draw the attention of the professional community to the critical role and significance of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the initiation, progression, and treatment of colorectal carcinoma. A substantial portion of the text focuses on lesser-known emerging trends and ongoing clinical trials for colorectal cancer patients.

The monograph aspires to provide a balanced resource that serves as an engaging informational tool not only for specialist physicians but also for medical faculty students. By integrating novel insights and clinical data, it seeks to bridge gaps in current understanding and highlight potential avenues for future research and therapy.

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I. R. Mavlyanov - A. K. Ashirmetov - Z. I. Mavlyanov - G. J. Jarilkasinova

Need of carrying out a pharmacological genotyping for providing the individualized pharmacotherapy is shown in the monograph based on the analysis of own and literary data of the central link of drug pharmacokinetics– systems of cytochrome P-450, taking into account its genetic polymorphysm.
The monograph is intended for the clinical pharmacologists, geneticists and experts dealing with this problem.

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 Soňa Grešováa kol.

The object of the practical textbook is both theory and practice. The student is familiar with the investigative methods used in patients at different clinics as well as research institutes. Investigative methods are a source of knowledge about the state of the internal environment of an individual, the functionality of the various systems of the body, based on which it is possible to establish a conclusion on whether the individual is healthy or not. 

Authors

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Tatiana Kimáková

The scientific monograph focuses on health determinants, healthy nutrition, its fundamental components, the consequences of unhealthy nutrition, and alternative dietary trends. The work also includes research targeting selected lifestyle factors among university students, particularly nutrition, eating habits, and physical activity.

This scientific monograph is suitable for the scientific community, students of medical and natural sciences, and public health professionals at all three levels of higher education. It is equally valuable for members of the informed general public interested in the subject.

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Daniela Husárová

There is still little complete information about the system of care for adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems, especially in Slovakia.

Therefore, the main aim of this publication is to summarize and present current findings of the Care4Youth project, not only about the system, but also about the role of particular actors involved in the care of these adolescents, including family, professionals and schools.

In the chapters, we take a closer look at the cooperation of all involved actors and, from the point of view of care providers from different types of institutions, we will describe all barriers that negatively affect adequate and effective help as well as suggestions how the identified barriers could be eliminated.

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Tatiana Muchová

Ochorenia a poškodenia pečene, žlčníka, žlčových ciest a pankreasu predstavujú závažný diagnostický, klinický aj liečebný problém.

Táto publikácia sa zaoberá diagnostikou ochorení a traumatických poškodení pečene, žlčníka, žlčových ciest a pankreasu.

Medzi zobrazovacie diagnostické modality patrí konvenčná rádiológia – rentgen, ultrasonografia - USG, počítačová tomografia - CT a magnetická rezonancia - MR.

Keďže pojednávam o zobrazovacích modalitách, publikácia je obohatená o množstvo obrazovej dokumentácie (vlastné aj internetové zdroje) ktorá názorne ukazuje jednotlivé ochorenia, poškodenia popisovaných orgánov.

Táto publikácia je venovaná všetkým medikom, kolegom, lekárom, či už z oblasti rádiológie, ale aj pre klinikov z radov chirurgov, internistov, či gastroenterológov.

Publikácia je rozdelená na jednotlivé časti podľa orgánov a podčasti podľa zobrazovacej modality a druhov ochorenia.

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Erik Dosedla

A uterine scar is currently a significant medical problem. Uterine scars most commonly occur after a Cesarean section, which is one of the most frequent laparotomic surgeries (Yazicioglu et al., 2006). The frequency of Cesarean sections increased between 1990 and 2014 in the USA from 21.2% to 32.2% (Hamilton et al., 2015), in Great Britain from 12% to 26.2% (NHS Maternity Statistics - England, 2013-14: Summary Report, 2015), and in the Slovak Republic from 8.7% to 31% (Národné centrum zdravotníckych informácii, 2016).

After a Cesarean section (CS), there is a risk of abnormal healing of the uterotomic wound, which can result in the development of certain pathological conditions in consecutive pregnancies (uterine rupture, ectopic pregnancy in the Cesarean scar, placental disorders) (Seow et al., 2004; Oyelese and Smulian, 2006; Fitzpatrick et al., 2012). In addition, a defect in the Cesarean scar is associated with chronic dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and postmenstrual spotting (Wang et al., 2009; Bij de Vaate et al., 2011).

Ultrasound is a valuable examination method in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these pathological conditions.

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Alžbeta Blichárová - Ľudmila Verbóová - Zuzana Benetinová - Vladimír Tancoš  - Patrícia Kollárová  - Adam Nedoroščík - Erika Štammová  - Pavel Kočan

„Patológia 2. časť (letný semester) - Praktické cvičenia pre študentov všeobecného lekárstva“ je druhou časťou vysokoškolskej učebnice predstavujúcou druhú polovicu výučby (letný semester). V tejto časti je popísaných 70 diagnóz, kde každej je venovaná jedna strana. V popise je uvedené poradové číslo zhodujúce sa s číslom preparátu a názov danej diagnózy. Študent sa pri každom preparáte oboznámi so základnými informáciami o danej chorobe, jej makroskopickým a mikroskopickým obrazom. Navyše je vytvorené miesto, v ktorom si študent môže zaznačiť (nakresliť) charakteristický mikroskopický obraz danej choroby. Preparáty v tejto učebnici sú zamerané na špeciálnu patológiu – patológiu pľúc, hematopatológiu, patológiu gastrointestinálneho, urogenitálneho systému, prsníka, endokrinného, pohybového  a nervového systému, kože, novorodeneckého a detského veku.

Tým, že učebnica umožňuje preparáty zakresľovať, vytvára študentom priestor pre trvalejšie zapamätanie si danej problematiky. Je vynikajúcim zdrojom pre prípravu študentov na kolokvium a ústnu skúšku.

Gabriel Koľvek

Tento učebný text je zameraný na najčastejšie ochorenia obličiek detského veku. Venuje sa vybraným vrodeným (ako napr. vrodené anomálie obličiek a močových ciest) ako aj získaným ochoreniam obličiek (infekcie močových ciest, nefrotický syndróm, hemolyticko-uremický syndróm a ďalšie), ktoré sú opísané komplexne od epidemiológie, patofyziológie, cez klinický obraz, diagnostiku až po liečbu a prognózu. Texty zahŕňajú najnovšie diagnostické a terapeutické postupy opierajúce sa o recetné vedecké poznatky. Informácie uvedené v texte môžu významne pomôcť k úspešnému absolvovaniu štátnej skúšky z predmetu Pediatria. Text je starostlivo vybraný a rozsah kondenzovaný tak, aby vyhovoval predovšetkým potrebám pregraduálneho štúdia a zároveň dopĺňal vedomosti a skúsenosti získané na prednáškach a praktických cvičeniach. Učebnica tiež poskytuje základné informácie pre lekárov v špecializačnej príprave.

Alžbeta Blichárová a kolektív

“Pathology Part 1 (winter semester) - Practical lessons for students of general medicine” represents the first half of the university textbook designed for the pregradual study of pathology. The textbook complements the lectures of pathology and serves as a source of information for students of general medicine, that are preparing for the practical as well as the final oral examination.

In this part of the “Pathology” series, seventy selected histopathological slides are presented. Each selected slide is provided with general information in relation to etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, as well as with corresponding morphological features, including the gross appearance and the most important histopathological characteristics. The textbook summarizes the basic concepts of general pathology that are necessary to master the broad field of systemic pathology in the second semester.

Keywords: general pathology – histopathological slides – general medicine – gross appearance – microscopic image

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Silvia Mišíková

This learning text deals with heart rhythm disorders. The book is intended for medical students. There are in a simple way characterized bradycardic and tachycardic heart rhythm disorders. The script explains mechanism of arrhythmias, symptoms, diagnostics, and differential diagnostics and treatment. The greatest emphasis is focused on detection of the arrhythmias based on the surface ECG. All arrhythmias are explained by clinical ECG.

In conclusion, there is ECG quiz which consists of 27 clinical ECG records.

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