Compendium of Hygiene

Miroslav Gajdoš - Vladimír Kaťuch

  „Neurochirurgia pre študentov medicíny“ je určená pre študentov lekárskych fakúlt. Základné informácie o neurochirurgii získajú aj študenti príbuzných odborov /zubné lekárstvo/, ale aj absolventi lekárskych fakúlt v začiatkoch svojej klinickej praxe.

Učebný text je rozdelený do desiatich kapitol. Tie sa ďalej delia na podkapitoly.

Prvá kapitola je zameraná na dejiny chirurgie, následne na dejiny neurochirurgie. V tejto kapitole autor pripomína, že operované lebky patria k najstarším dôkazom operačnej činnosti našich predkov. 

Druhá a tretia kapitola  je venovaná diagnostike a základným operačným výkonom.

Pre pochopenie patologicko-fyziologických dejov je potrebné pozorne preštudovať štvrtú kapitolu, v ktorej autor popisuje základné patologické mechanizmy, ktoré pôsobia na povrchu ale aj v hĺbke mozgových tkanív.

Piata kapitola je venovaná závažnej problematike  -  vrodeným chybám mozgu, miechy a ich podporných štruktúr.

Nie menej závažnou problematikou pre neurochirurgov sú nádory CNS,  periférnych nervov, lebky a chrbtice. Tie sú popísané v šiestej kapitole.                 

V siedmej kapitole sú popísané cievne ochorenia CNS: autor popisuje aneuryzmy mozgových ciev, ich diagnostiku a liečbu, ďalej cievne malformácie mozgu, artériovenózne malformácie mozgu a v neposlednom rade spinálne artériovenózne malformácie.

8. kapitola je čo do obsahu najrozsiahlejšia. Prináša informácie o poranení pacientov pri úraze. O ich závažnosti, diagnostike a možnej liečbe – konzervatívnej a chirurgickej.

9. kapitola je venovaná nie menej závažnej problematike, a to degeneratívnym ochoreniam chrbtice.

V 10. kapitole sa autor venuje najnovším metódam liečby chronickej bolesti a epileptochirurgii.

E-book

Pavol Pobeha - Ivana Paraničová - Pavol Joppa

The publication "Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis—Selected Chapters" is an anticipated study material intended for medical students at medical faculties and can also serve as supplementary literature in the framework of postgraduate education for specialist doctors. By compiling chapters and content, it builds upon the Slovak version of the publication "Selected Chapters from Pneumology and Phthisiology" (edited by Pavol Joppa), but the new publication expands pneumology with additional nosological units and issues in the context of current evidence-based medicine.

This book adds topics such as Sleep Breathing Disorders and Respiratory Failure to standard pneumology topics like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pneumonia, interstitial diseases, and tuberculosis. These topics are often mentioned only marginally in pneumological publications and within internal diseases. A significant contribution is the comprehensively processed chapter on Cor pulmonale chronicum, which connects several clinical fields including pneumology, internal medicine, and cardiology. We believe that the prepared publication will find favor among readers and will be beneficial in educating students and practitioners.

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Darina Kluchová a kol. 

At present, there is a wide range of anatomy textbooks for medical students but at the same time there is an absence of anatomy books suitable for dental students. This book was designed as a base for study of trunk and limbs for dental students which should gain a sense of anatomy structures, but they do not need know details from these regions.

The amount of information in the book was extensively discussed with colleagues from clinical departments and with anatomy specialists from Slovakia and from abroad as well. Because of serious diversity of opinions we took into consideration also opinions of our specialists from dental medicine. Final material is considered to be a key information required for future dental doctors.

Authors

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Peter Olexa

Učebné texty „Vybrané kapitoly z gerontológie a geriatrie" sú určené pre štúdium študentov medicíny na Lekárskej fakulty UPJŠ v odbore Všeobecné lekárstvo v rámci výučby klinických špecializačných blokov v odbore Interná medicína - Geriatria .

Vo svojom úvode sa učebné texty venujú demografii z pohľadu starnutia populácie, vysvetľujú základné pojmy ako gerontológia, jej rozdelenie a následne sa zaoberajú aj úlohou a poslaním klinického odboru geriatria. Následne zrozumiteľne opisujú a vysvetľujú základné piliere geriatrickej medicíny, ktorými sú komplexné geriatrické vyšetrenie, základné geriatrické syndrómy, kam patrí krehkosť, malnutrícia, sarkopénia, kognitívne poruchy, a polyfarmácia . V závere sa venujú ageizmu, ktorý je tiež dôležitým javom v dnešnej klinickej medicíne.

MUDr. Peter Olexa, PhD.

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Ján Kučera - Eva Kovaľová - Juraj Strecha

Peri-implantation diseases such as peri-implantitis and mucositis have a wide range of prevalence. Several etiological factors and the interaction of risk factors influence their onset and development. Careful investigation determines the diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Treatment, depending on the condition, is either non-surgical or surgical. Systematic postoperative care, a recall system, and patient instruction and cooperation are essential, which create the preconditions for successful implant treatment.

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Andrea Madarasová Gecková - Daniela Husárová   a kol.

National Report on the Health and Health-Related Behaviour of 11-, 13-, and 15-Year-Old Schoolchildren Based on the Survey Conducted in 2021/2022 within the International Project “Health Behaviour in School-aged Children” (HBSC)

For several years, this study has provided us with key insights for a better understanding of the health-related behaviour of our young people. It examines a range of health-related topics such as sleep, mental well-being, nutritional behaviour, and physical activity. Important areas of research also include school and social relationships within it, family and family background, as well as peer relationships.

The findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms influencing differences and changes in young people’s health and risk behaviours. They are crucial for the development of effective health promotion programmes and health-related behavioural interventions, educational programmes in this field, and for monitoring their effectiveness—not only at the national but also at the international level. The knowledge gained is important for a better understanding of the needs of schoolchildren and for adapting services and systemic support so that these needs are taken into account to the greatest possible extent in today’s rapidly changing world. The study can help us understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of both mental and physical health.

The pandemic and the related epidemiological and hygiene measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus have meant significant restrictions in the daily lives of people of all ages—including children and adolescents. The standard educational process, social contact with peers, extracurricular activities, and other interests both in and out of school were severely disrupted, which had a significant impact on the experiences of schoolchildren.

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František Sabola kol.

Although we are not really sure if “Love is coming from the Heart” and nor we know where “the Residence of Soul” is, we are still overwhelmed by its unprecedented effort to keep us alive. Our lives are nowadays fulfilled with enormous chances to satisfy our needs and wishes. Hand in hand is changing our way of life, the intake of calories is growing and the amount of physical activity decreasing. We live longer and maybe happier but our hearts
and vessels are like mirrors showing us how we live. Diseases of the Heart and vessels have become the number one cause of death in highly developed countries including our homeland.
Prevention of cardiovascular diseases has become and an important social and health care system issue. The knowledge requirement of basic principles of cardiology and heart surgery is increasing. Without an understanding of basic principles a good clinical practice is hardly possible.
Together with my Colleagues of Heart surgery department of VÚSCH and LF UPJŠ we prepared this short overview of basic knowledge about surgery of the human heart. We hope that reading it will be more an adventure than a painful journey. If you find some answers to your unanswered questions our effort was not a waste of time.

Authors

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Iveta Cimbolákováa kol.

The premise “today’s research shapes the healthcare of tomorrow” expresses the importance of medical research and the reason for its pursuit. Scientific research and advances in biomedical sciences, as well as their application in medical practice and in the process of delivering healthcare, nevertheless bring new problems in the area of ethics.

Biomedical research itself requires the precise definition of hypotheses, which are tested both under laboratory conditions and on experimental animals. Although clinical studies on human subjects are expected to benefit individual participants and to advance fundamental biomedical knowledge, they also entail certain risks depending on the nature of the research. These risks must be minimized, and the experiment should be conducted freely while also taking place within specific measures to protect all involved-not only the test subjects, but also the researchers themselves.

The presented publication provides an overview of the general conditions and ethical principles of research involving laboratory animals and human subjects, the issue of professional and ethical assessment of projects, as well as fraud and the publication of results. At present, we are witnessing tremendous progress in molecular biological sciences, which brings ethical dilemmas also in the field of genetics. For this reason, one of the chapters is devoted to the latest findings in this area.

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Martina Zavacká a kolektív

Kniha „DIABETICKÁ NOHA Z POHĽADU CIEVNEHO CHIRURGA“ obsahuje 14 kapitol. Pojednáva o syndróme diabetickej nohy z multidisciplinárneho pohľadu viacerých odborníkov: angiochirurga, diabetológa, chirurga, podiatra, röntgenológa, neurológa a algeziológa. Úvodné kapitoly majú charakter propedeutiky, čo má taktiež význam aj pre pregraduálnu výchovu. Nasledujúce kapitoly sa zaoberajú vznikom syndrómu, výskytom, jeho diagnostikou, terapeutickými postupmi, pridruženými postihnutiami neurologického charakteru, starostlivosťou podiatra a algeziológa pri pretrvávaní bolestí. Ďalšie časti sú vyhradené chirurgickej a endovaskulárnej liečbe tepien cestou cievneho chirurga a intervenčných angiológov. Nezabúdajúc na problematiku amputácií a správnu rehabilitáciu pacientov s diabetom.  V knihe nájdu poučenie cievni chirurgovia, angiológovia, všeobecní chirurgovia, diabetológovia, neurológia, röntgenológovia, podiatri  a všeobecní lekári.

Kniha je zdrojom najnovších teoretických i praktických informácií pre postgraduálnu výchovu vyššie spomenutých odborníkov.

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Jaroslava Kopčáková

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 Ingrid Schusterová 

To offer our medical students of 5th and 6th classes as well as to professional public (pediatrics, pediatric cardiologists) integrated information from pediatric cardiology, which is based on scientific knowledge of experts and practical requirements including our experiences. The publication will extend given the discipline of cardiovascular risk factors of cardiovascular heart disease and acquired heart diseases, which are more actual at the present time in the children as we as bring the new didactic methods in pediatric cardiology teaching.

Autor

Vladimíra Tomečková

Nature, as well as the human body, contains an abundant quantity of organic molecules. This textbook describes selected oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen derivatives of hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds of their reactions, which are important in the human body or are found in pharmaceutical active substances, poisons, foodstuffs and heat-treated food. The last part of the textbook describes the isomerism of organic compounds, which enables dynamic changes in the structure of molecules that have different properties. Nature is filled with different plants and animals and is the first laboratory to produce bioactive organic natural compounds. These compounds are compatible with human cells and are applicable as therapeutic medicine. There is an effort to reproduce natural molecules in chemical laboratories, but they cannot be as perfect as the natural ones. Synthetic molecules can serve as a model for multiple studies, but there still does not exist a magic panacea pill or a perfect copy of nature, for the treatment of various diseases. Knowledge about the regenerative and toxic effect of medicinal substances in dependence on their structure (type and number of substituents) is very important for the understanding of their role in modulation of health and disease in dependence on their concentration. Compounds can be used daily only in recommended doses (higher doses can be toxic), but still will not replace a healthy diet. People need a varied diet to be healthy, in which are all necessary nutrients, what Hippocrates demonstrated long ago “Let food be the medicine, and let medicine be the food.” This book is written for students who select bioorganic chemistry subject during the study of general medicine or dentistry as well as for motivated students who would like to practice their knowledge and wish to improve in this subject and for students who would like to learn simplified basic organic reactions with their future application in biochemistry. Learn the simple models mainly through creative simple instruction by using different colours, by repetition, practice by drawing of formulas by hand (at least three times) and memorization of common names of compounds and their reactions which have application in biochemistry. Thus, establishing simple educational methods how to distinguish organic molecules according to the colours of a functional group can promote universal learning for all students who thought that chemistry is a difficult subject, but hopefully they change their opinion after study of this book.

Keywords: organic molecules, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen derivatives of hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds, chemical reactions, isomerism of organic compounds

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Peter Lengyel - Eugen Frišman (eds.)

Book of Abstracts

CONGRESS TOPICS:

Medical section

• Surgical Treatment of Burns
• Electrical Burns
• Thermal Injuries in Children
• Military Thermal Injuries
• Scalds
• Poster Section

  Nursing Section

• Care of Pediatric Patients with Thermal Injuries

• Care of Adult Patients with Extensive Burns

• The Importance of Nurses’ Work in Operating Rooms

• Treatment of Patients in a Hyperbaric Chamber

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Ingrid Hodorová - Květuše LovásovÁ - Silvia Rybárová -

Jozef Mihalik - Zuzana Kováčová - Maroš Rudnay -

Božena Palovičová- Nováková

Vysokoškolská učebnica „Ultrasonografická anatómia 1“ je určená predovšetkým študentom lekárskych fakúlt. Publikácia dopĺňa medzeru na medicínskom literárnom trhu, na ktorom takýto druh literatúry doteraz absentuje. V učebnici sa čitateľ oboznámi s koreláciou anatomického a ultrasonografického obrazu orgánov a štruktúr za fyziologického stavu. Táto korelácia poukazuje na úzke prepojenie teoretického predmetu anatómia s klinickou praxou s ultrasonografickým vyšetrením, ktoré je dnes neoddeliteľnou súčasťou základných vyšetrovacích metód v mnohých medicínskych odboroch. Učebnica pozostáva z anatomickej časti, ktorá sa venuje základnému anatomickému popisu jednotlivých orgánov brucha a panvy. Nosnou časťou učebnice je sonografická časť, ktorá popisuje a charakterizuje jednotlivé ultrasonografické snímky. Čitateľ môže priamo porovnať vzhľad a prípadné rozdiely orgánov a štruktúr získaných dvomi úplne odlišnými zobrazeniami. Veríme, že nová vysokoškolská učebnica splní očakávania študentov, ako aj všetkých tých, pre ktorých je oblasť ultrasonografického zobrazenia z pohľadu anatóma predmetom záujmu – bude tak prospešná nielen pre anatómov, ale aj pre začínajúcich sonografistov.

E-kniha

Silvia Farkašová Iannaccone a kol.

The history of ethics represents the search for a fundamental principle that would enable a person to distinguish between moral and immoral, good and evil, or right and wrong. The main issues are the motives, methods, and consequences of human actions.

The integrity of the medical profession emphasizes lifelong study and practice according to professional competence, and, last but not least, adherence to ethical principles and standards of medical ethics. Medical ethics and the related communication in the process of providing healthcare are becoming increasingly relevant topics. Communication between doctor and patient itself constitutes a very important part of the diagnostic process and treatment; it significantly contributes to the creation of a mutual relationship and, to a considerable extent, ensures patient cooperation.

The development of various information and network technologies allows for rapid communication even in medicine; however, a kind word and real contact with the patient, with an appropriate choice of verbal and nonverbal communication tools in personal contact, cannot be replaced by modern technology. The present era places demands on certain communication skills of the physician. Another ethical and legal issue is informed consent, which brings the patient’s active participation in the process of providing healthcare.

The presented publication provides basic information about medical ethics, communication in medicine in general, and communication skills in medical practice. Further chapters are devoted to the issue of informed consent, ethics, and the specifics of communication with selected groups of patients. We believe that this publication will clarify for the reader the basic ethical pillars and will be helpful for basic orientation in the issues of medical communication.

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Jozef Židzik - Terézia Hudáková - Martina Šemeláková - Ján Šalagovič

Methods in human genetics and molecular biology encompass various experimental, diagnostic and analytical techniques used to investigate the structure, function, expression, and regulation of genes, as well as general molecular processes in human cells. The university textbook Methods in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology provides a comprehensive overview of classical and modern experimental and analytical procedures. In fifteen chapters, it addresses methods such as PCR, RFLP, FISH, Western blot, DNA sequencing, DNA microarrays, molecular cloning, cytogenetic analysis, and forensic genetic analysis. The book is primarily intended as study material for the course of the same name taught in the 2nd year of study at the UPJŠ Faculty of Medicine, but it can also be used by all university students in the fields of biology, biotechnology, and related disciplines.

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