Dietológia a liečebná výživa I.

E-book

Jaroslav Majerník - Andrea Kačmariková

The university textbook "Databases in MS Access - accompanying texts for practical exercises" is intended for students of medical faculties, students of non-technical universities and all beginners in working with databases. It introduces the reader to the issue of database data processing and explains the basic principles that need to be known when creating relational databases. It is therefore suitable for those who have not yet worked with databases, or who have started thinking about managing their data using their own database.

However, even more "experienced" computer users can find useful information here. The university textbook is written in the way that its content can be mastered with basic knowledge of working with computers and programs running in the environment of MS Windows operating system.

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Vladimíra Tomečková

Nature, as well as the human body, contains an abundant quantity of organic molecules. This textbook describes selected oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen derivatives of hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds of their reactions, which are important in the human body or are found in pharmaceutical active substances, poisons, foodstuffs and heat-treated food. The last part of the textbook describes the isomerism of organic compounds, which enables dynamic changes in the structure of molecules that have different properties. Nature is filled with different plants and animals and is the first laboratory to produce bioactive organic natural compounds. These compounds are compatible with human cells and are applicable as therapeutic medicine. There is an effort to reproduce natural molecules in chemical laboratories, but they cannot be as perfect as the natural ones. Synthetic molecules can serve as a model for multiple studies, but there still does not exist a magic panacea pill or a perfect copy of nature, for the treatment of various diseases. Knowledge about the regenerative and toxic effect of medicinal substances in dependence on their structure (type and number of substituents) is very important for the understanding of their role in modulation of health and disease in dependence on their concentration. Compounds can be used daily only in recommended doses (higher doses can be toxic), but still will not replace a healthy diet. People need a varied diet to be healthy, in which are all necessary nutrients, what Hippocrates demonstrated long ago “Let food be the medicine, and let medicine be the food.” This book is written for students who select bioorganic chemistry subject during the study of general medicine or dentistry as well as for motivated students who would like to practice their knowledge and wish to improve in this subject and for students who would like to learn simplified basic organic reactions with their future application in biochemistry. Learn the simple models mainly through creative simple instruction by using different colours, by repetition, practice by drawing of formulas by hand (at least three times) and memorization of common names of compounds and their reactions which have application in biochemistry. Thus, establishing simple educational methods how to distinguish organic molecules according to the colours of a functional group can promote universal learning for all students who thought that chemistry is a difficult subject, but hopefully they change their opinion after study of this book.

Keywords: organic molecules, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen derivatives of hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds, chemical reactions, isomerism of organic compounds

Mária Mareková - Marek Stupák - Peter Urban - Jana  Mašlanková -

Beáta Hupková - Miroslava Rabajdová

Publikácia je určená záujemcom o štúdium na UPJŠ v Košiciach, Lekárskej fakulte v odbore všeobecné lekárstvo a zubné lekárstvo. Obsahuje 1500 modelových otázok z chémie, ktoré sú spracované v súlade so vzdelávacím programom na gymnáziách a ktoré tvoria podklady písomných testov na prijímacích skúškach. Otázky na prijímacích skúškach však nemusia presne kopírovať otázky v tejto publikácii. Odpovede na otázky sú riešené formou ponúkaných variantných odpovedí obsahujúcich správne aj nesprávne možností, pričom správne odpovede sú uvedené v kľúči na konci publikácie. Táto publikácia vám poskytne možnosť overiť si hĺbku a rozsah vašich vedomostí z chémie, ktoré ste nadobudli počas stredoškolského štúdia a zároveň vám uľahčí prípravu na úspešné absolvovanie prijímacej skúšky. Autori problematiku rozdelili do kapitol, čo vám umožní rýchlo sa zorientovať a zistiť, ktorej oblasti sa musíte v štúdiu viac venovať. Cieľom predkladanej publikácie je umožniť každému uchádzačovi, ktorý má o štúdium na lekárskej fakulte vážny záujem, dobre sa pripraviť na prijímacie konanie a v prípade prijatia, mať dobrý základ na štúdium daného odboru.

E-book

Martina Ružičková - Jozef Dragašek

 MEFANET 

Psychology is becoming increasingly important in people's lives. It is significant to research human behaviour and how people interact with their environment, as well as how they develop physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. A rising number of people have been both physically and mentally harmed in recent years as a result of cognitive, emotional, or behavioural disorders.

It was determined that a study book on psychology for medical students was required. Presented study book Psychology in Medicine gives students a fundamental insight into patients´ behaviour in general, and demonstrates the role of psychology in relieving health concerns in particular. It includes topics of medical psychology and clinical psychology that are applied in health care. The chapters address the basic principles of human behaviour, communication between patients and physicians, personality psychology, psychodiagnostic techniques, psychotherapy treatment, abnormal psychology, dealing with stressful events and physical illnesses. The study textbook also emphasises the importance of good mental health and self-care in a doctor's practise.

There is a hope that this book will provide both a source of information and inspiration for doctors and all health care professionals.

Mária Frankovičová - Jana Kaťuchová - Jozef Radoňak a kol.

Vysokoškolská učebnica určená študentom všeobecného lekárstva, ktorá predstavuje kompaktný zdroj informácií nevyhnutných pre úspešné zvládnutie štúdia predmetu chirurgia. Obsahuje kapitoly z chirurgickej propedeutiky, chirurgie krku, hrudníka a brucha, ako aj nadstavbových chirurgických odborov, vrátane traumatológie, neurochirurgie, ortopédie, urológie, cievnej, plastickej, detskej chirurgie a kardiochirurgie.

Alžbeta Blichárová - Ľudmila Verbóová - Zuzana Benetinová - Vladimír Tancoš  - Patrícia Kollárová  - Adam Nedoroščík - Erika Štammová  - Pavel Kočan

“Pathology Part 2 (summer semester) - Practical lessons for students of dental medicine” represents the second half of the university textbook designed for the pregradual study of pathology. The textbook complements the lectures of pathology and serves as a source of information for students of dental medicine, that are preparing for the practical credit, as well as the final oral examination.

In this part of the “Pathology” series, forty-four selected histopathological slides are presented. Each selected slide is provided with general information in relation to etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, as well as with corresponding morphological features, including the gross appearance and the most important histopathological characteristics. The textbook summarizes the basic concepts of systemic pathology (pathology of the heart, vessels, lungs, gastrointestinal, urogenital system, breast, musculoskeletal, nervous system, skin and infancy) and pathology of the orofacial region, that is logical continuation and completion of general pathology in the first semester.

Alžbeta Blichárová a kolektív

“Pathology Part 1 (winter semester) - Practical lessons for students of dental medicine” represents the first half of the university textbook designed for the pregradual study of pathology. The textbook complements the lectures of pathology and serves as a source of information for students of dental medicine, that are preparing for the practical as well as the final oral examination.

In this part of the “Pathology” series, fifty-four selected histopathological slides are presented. Each selected slide is provided with general information in relation to etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, as well as with corresponding morphological features, including the gross appearance and the most important histopathological characteristics. The textbook summarizes the basic concepts of general pathology that are necessary to master the broad field of systemic pathology in the second semester.

Silvia Timková - Marcel Riznič - Jozef Minčík 

 Eugen Ďurovič - Peter Kizek

Vysokoškolský učebný text Ochorenia jazyka sa zameriava na anomálie a choroby postihujúce jazyk.  V jednotlivých kapitolách opisuje vrodené stavy, s ktorými sa na jazyku stretávame, ich diagnostiku ako aj možnosti liečby, ako aj jednotlivé samostatné chorobné jednotky. Úvodnú kapitolu tvoria lokálne ochorenia jazyka, kedy ochorenie nemá prejavy na iných ústnych slizniciach. Ďalšou skupinou sú ochorenia, kde je symptomatológia choroby prítomná na jazyku, ale aj na ostatných ústnych slizniciach. Okrem týchto stavov vznikajúcich priamo v ústnej dutine sú v ďalších kapitolách rozobraté stavy, kde celkové ochorenia, akými sú infekčné, endokrinologické, krvné a dermatologické ochorenia vyvolávajú zmeny na jazyku. Samostatné kapitoly sú venované prekanceróznym stavom a benígnym a tumoriformným léziam.  Poslednú kapitolu tvoria ochorenia jazyka u detskej populácie.

E-book

Marek Stupák et al.

A well-known proverb says: "It is better to see once than to hear a hundred times." With this in mind, the electronic version of the teaching materials has been designed, as we are convinced that practical laboratory experience is irreplaceable and still holds its significance in university studies.

In the provided teaching texts, you will find a set of experiments that complement and help better understand the theoretical knowledge gained through self-study as well as lectures in an appropriate manner. Additionally, this e-version allows students, after printing and subsequently completing individual tables, observations, and conclusions, to submit them as a laboratory report that confirms they have successfully mastered the assigned tasks.

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E-book

Iveta Cimbolákováa kol.

The premise “today’s research shapes the healthcare of tomorrow” expresses the importance of medical research and the reason for its pursuit. Scientific research and advances in biomedical sciences, as well as their application in medical practice and in the process of delivering healthcare, nevertheless bring new problems in the area of ethics.

Biomedical research itself requires the precise definition of hypotheses, which are tested both under laboratory conditions and on experimental animals. Although clinical studies on human subjects are expected to benefit individual participants and to advance fundamental biomedical knowledge, they also entail certain risks depending on the nature of the research. These risks must be minimized, and the experiment should be conducted freely while also taking place within specific measures to protect all involved-not only the test subjects, but also the researchers themselves.

The presented publication provides an overview of the general conditions and ethical principles of research involving laboratory animals and human subjects, the issue of professional and ethical assessment of projects, as well as fraud and the publication of results. At present, we are witnessing tremendous progress in molecular biological sciences, which brings ethical dilemmas also in the field of genetics. For this reason, one of the chapters is devoted to the latest findings in this area.

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E-book

Nikita Bobrov et al.

History of ethics represents a search for basic principle, which would enable a distinction between moral and immoral, good and bad, right and wrong. The main problem lies in motives, methods and consequences of human conduct. The integrity of medical profession puts emphasis on life-long study and practice according to the professional competence, and last but not least on ethical principles and rules of medical ethics.
Medical ethics, as a part of bioethics, is currently taking on a huge importance in everyday clinical practice and must face many serious ethical issues regarding the whole system of health care. On general level the decision-making in medical practice is quite easy, based on the requirement to always act in the patient's best interest. However, it is often difficult to know exactly what is best for the patient, in a certain situation, for this particular patient. Also with each progress in medicine and its globalization, the more aspects of human lives are being affected.

Biomedical research, and the new treatment and diagnostic methods it provides are viewed differently in each country, therefore various cultural, religious, social and legal aspects must be considered in their assessment, as well as the basic principles of medical ethics. Worldwide effort on unifying ethical regulations on certain aspects of health care led to the establishment of many legally recognized documents the doctors must be familiar with.

Teaching ethics to students of medical school aims to educate the future doctors towards ethical decision-making, behaviour and professional conduct according to the basic principles of medical ethics.
This textbook provides the basic information on medical ethics for students of medical faculties and serves as a practical introduction to the most common ethical problems of health care provision for their future professional practise.

Authors

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E-publication

Lucia Dimunová-Valéria Parová

The aim of this publication is to provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical and practical foundations of management and to highlight the specific features of governance within healthcare organizations. It includes chapters on the historical development of management, major concepts, current trends, the specifics of healthcare management, and various models of healthcare delivery. Special attention is devoted to the roles and characteristics of managers, as well as to the five fundamental managerial functions—planning, decision-making, organizing, leading, and controlling. The purpose of the publication is to foster analytical and critical thinking skills in addressing problems within healthcare institutions and to contribute to improving the quality and safety of healthcare through effective management. The text incorporates numerous practical examples and review questions designed to verify knowledge and strengthen the connection between theory and practical skills. This publication is intended for nursing students and other healthcare disciplines, academic staff, and healthcare facility managers.

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E-book

Daniela Filakovská- Shoshana Chovan- Zuzana Dankulincová

Dnes sú to už celé generácie odopierania príležitostí pre napĺňanie potenciálu a storočia diskriminácie, ktoré oberajú deti v marginalizovaných komunitách o detstvo tak ako ho poznáme my ostatní, ktorí sme mali viac „šťastia“. Tak, ako sa generácie ľudí v marginalizovaných komunitách točia v kruhu chudoby, z ktorého niet ľahkej cesty, tak sa aj my točíme v bludnom kruhu hľadania vinníkov a odovzdávania si predsudkov a stereotypov založených na mylných predpokladoch, ktoré sú tak zakorenené a samozrejmé, že mnohých ľudí ani nenapadne o nich pochybovať, spochybňovať ich logiku, či sa snažiť ich vyvracať. Spoločnosť na základe vlastných ideálov s ľahkosťou súdi matky či otcov, že nie sú dosť dobrí. Omnoho ťažšia cesta je však snažiť sa pochopiť, čo im v tom bráni. Povedať, že za stratené detstvo detí v marginalizovaných komunitách môžu rodičia, je príliš zjednodušené a nezohľadňuje to omnoho širší kontext a súvislosti. A práve vplyv tohoto kontextu na raný vývin a hľadanie súvislostí je naším cieľom. Nielen preto, že si uvedomujeme potrebu búrať stereotypy a meniť spoločenský diskurz, no najmä preto, aby sme vedeli priniesť dôkazy, na základe ktorých bude možné tvoriť politiky, smerovať intervencie a pomôcť tak ďalším generáciám detí dosiahnuť na príležitosti, ktoré im umožnia naplniť svoj plný potenciál.

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E-book

Iveta Domoráková - Štefan Tóth - Zuzana Fagová - Kristína Čurgali - Viera Eliášová - Alexandra Kunová - Monika Holodová

The peer-reviewed textbook and microscopic atlas is aimed at understanding the basic microscopic structure of cells and tissues in a light microscope. Texts in the textbook are complemented by a rich set of histologic micrographs with basic and specific staining techniques.

All histologic micrographs were prepared by the author's team at the Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, UPJŠ.

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E-book

Tatiana Kimáková

The scientific monograph focuses on health determinants, healthy nutrition, its fundamental components, the consequences of unhealthy nutrition, and alternative dietary trends. The work also includes research targeting selected lifestyle factors among university students, particularly nutrition, eating habits, and physical activity.

This scientific monograph is suitable for the scientific community, students of medical and natural sciences, and public health professionals at all three levels of higher education. It is equally valuable for members of the informed general public interested in the subject.

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Jozef Kafka

Význam vedomia pre každého človeka ale aj pre pozná­vanie je taký rozhodujúci, že by bolo nesprávne hovoriť o ňom iba pri psychických procesoch, lebo je jadrom ľudskej individuality a práve vedomím sa človek odlišuje od ostat­ných živých tvorov.

Je potešujúce, že nová oblasť poznávania označovaná ako veda o mysli začína sa vedomím zaoberať podrobnejšie a vylučuje tvrdenia, že vedomie nejestvuje hoci zatiaľ hovorí podľa mojej mienky iba o bazálnom vedomí a jej inter­pretácie prekračujú zistené fakty.

V svojej odbornej činnosti a aj v učebniciach som rozlišoval dve cesty poznávania vedomia a  iba postupne som si uvedomil, že mám pred sebou dva úrovne vedomia. V tejto práci  rozlišujem tieto dve úrovne:

• bazálne vedomie,
• rozvinuté vedomie.

Ak bazálne vedomie vyjadruje bdenie a spánok, tiež po­zornosť a gnostické rozpoznávanie, teda  idiognózia a somatognózia, rozvinuté vedomie predpokladá reč a vytvára také prejavy, ktoré označujeme ako duševné, teda identita, sebareali­záciu, čo vyjadruje schopnosť uvedomovania si seba, okolia, spoločnosti ale aj všetkého čo sme schopní poznať.

Také chápanie je blízke výkladu fyziológa Pavlova o dvoch signálnych sústavách a chápaniu Poppera o treťom sve­te ale aj ďalšie náhľady, nikto však neurobil určitejšie závery a nedošiel k náhľadu, že naše vedomie má dvojvrstevnú podobu, dve úrovne.

Napriek rozsiahlej a takmer neprehľadnej literatúre vieme o vedomí málo, okrem toho, že je to schopnosť uvedomo­vania, teda schopnosť uvedomiť si, že jestvujem, že som, že jest­vujú aj iní ľudia, že jestvuje niečo čo označujeme ako svet ako nepredstaviteľný vesmír. Uvedomujem si, že som individua­litou jedinečnou, ale limitovanou narodením a smrťou a že mám aj zmysel svojho bytia. Toto uvedomovanie, akokoľvek spo­chybňované je pre človeka prítomné v jeho poznávaní, hoci nemáme zmysly, ktorými by sme vedeli lokalizovať jeho prí­tomnosť v mozgu, ale svojou charakteristikou s dynamikou a integráciou má však duševný charakter, odlišný od    ostatných preja­vov mozgovej činnosti.

Práca sa pokúša v deviatich kapitolách osvetliť, čo sa chápe pojmom bazálne a rozvinuté vedomie    a možno ju rozdeliť do troch okruhov:

V prvých šiestich kapitolách diela hovorí o vedomí ako o doméne bytia človeka, podáva sa preto výklad vedomia a jeho rozlíšenie, potom sa hovorí o kolobehu života a rozvoji ve­domia, kladie sa otázka vedomia u stavovcov, potom náhľady filozofické a metodológia skúmania vedomia. Nasledujú ďalšie kapitoly, ktoré analyzujú podrobnejšie dve formy, úrovne vedomia, sú to kapitoly 7-9, začínajú ana­lýzou individuality človeka, lebo to je báza vedomia aj je­ho foriem, ďalej kapitoly o bazálnom vedomí a rozvinu­tom vedomí, čo považujem za jadro predkladanej práce. Napokon sa opisujú niektoré poruchy vedomia, ktoré dokladajú realitu vedomia v podobe  jej porúch ale aj možnosti rozlí­šenia dvoch úrovní, ktoré sa dajú zistiť pri starostlivom štúdiu a pri práci s chorými.