Extrémizmus a radikalizácia v sociálnych kontextoch

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Miriama Filčáková (ed.)

Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Conference of Young Historians, organized by the Department of History at the Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, in cooperation with the Slovak Historical Society at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, on October 19-20, 2021.

Currently, these histories are often presented as an extension of the history of science. The history of knowledge not only expands the boundaries of the history of science but also explores the boundaries between different forms of knowledge and ignorance. Just as studies of historical memory have expanded and complemented their interest in researching forgetting, the history of knowledge includes studies of ignorance. They focus on the change that has occurred over the past decades: from the sacralization of science and respect for professional knowledge to the rejection of science and constant questioning of professional knowledge, to which the history of knowledge must also respond. Findings as a product form the basis of human interactions and have their own past. What was the significance of knowledge and cognition in different historical periods? How did state power influence the development of knowledge and cognition? What can be considered knowledge in a particular historical era or culture? Finally, is there any human activity that cannot be considered knowledge? Currently, in the field of the history of knowledge, a significant surge in research, publishing, and the emergence of new institutions can be observed. The eleventh doctoral conference—Meeting of Young Historians XI, organized by the Department of History at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in cooperation with the Slovak Historical Society at the Slovak Academy of Sciences—will contribute to expanding the perspective on the past of knowledge and cognition. The conference, intended for Slovak and foreign doctoral students, aims to provide a space for presenting the latest results of scientific research, professional discussion, establishing contacts, developing cooperation, and exchanging experiences among the broader historical community. The starting point for the conference is a peer-reviewed proceedings volume consisting of publication outputs from active participants.

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Martina Hurčalová- Lukáš Jakabovič- Jana Kseňák Gregová (eds.)

Proceedings of the XIIth International Scientific Conference of Students and Young Scientists organized on the 19th of May 2023 at the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice in cooperation with Institute of Political Science and Public Administration, Faculty of Political Science and Journalism, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, University of Miskolc, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Political Science and Diplomacy, Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas and the Res Publica civic association. The aim of the present publication Firewall of Democracy is to highlight the distortions of democracy and its defense mechanisms in the contemporary world, Europe or even Slovakia itself. The collection consists of 13 contributions, mainly in Slovak, but also in English and Czech languages. The authors of the individual contributions dealt with the state of democracy and its problems not only in the domestic but also in the global environment.

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Štefan Jusko

Vybrané kapitoly z axiológie sú dielom viacročnej bádateľskej práce autora a tiež istým zúročením požiadaviek z pedagogickej praxe tohto predmetu. Kapitoly v tejto syntetizujúcej podobe publikované ešte neboli a som pre-svedčený, že práve v tejto podobe môžu nadobudnúť vyššiu hodnotu a väčší reálny dosah na našich študentov filozofie.
Jednotlivé kapitoly sú zamerané na problém rozpadu tradičných hodnôt, ústiaci často až do nihilizmu a straty zmyslu ľudského bytia. Nie je náhodou, že spoločným menovateľom predložených textov je F. Nietzsche, filozof, ktorý prvý vyzval k prehodnoteniu všetkých hodnôt, ale aj F. Dostojevskij, ruský filozofujúci spisovateľ, ktorý sa na problém nihilizmu, na problém zničotenia hodnôt pozerá inak.
Cieľom predmetných textov je doslova až provokatívne osloviť našich študentov tak, aby otázky spojené so zmyslom vlastnej existencie riešili samostatne a kreatívne, lebo, ako som presvedčený, naša doba je veľkou výzvou k novým, originálnym myšlienkam, k axiologickým súdom, ktoré vždy predchádzali tým kognitívnym.
Do akej miery sa podarilo moje zámery a ciele naplniť, nechávam na čitateľovi.

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Marián Bednár

The scientific monograph The Value of Human Life in the Connotations of Postmodernism presents a current issue of reflections on the value of human life. It sees in the broader connotations of postmodern society, where the approaches of applied ethics (bioethics), philosophy and Christian theology intersect. This issue is embedded in the historical, philosophical, sociological and cultural-social Postmodernism. The monograph analyses the postmodern value system, the dominant postmodern anthropological concept, secular bioethics and civil law in relation to human life and its value. The key is the confrontation of the postmodern anti-life mentality and life in the most discussed bioethical issues: contraception, artificial insemination techniques, genetic manipulation, abortion, sterilization, (bio) technology, euthanasia. An alternative approach is offered by the theological vision of human and life presented in the Judeo-Christian context. In the light of modern theological disciplines, the personnel concept is enriched by theological anthropology culminating in an eschatological vision. In this sense, the issue of the value of human life culminates, which is also inspired by one of the most important encyclicals of Pope John Paul II. Evangelium vitae (25th anniversary of its writing). It is she who calls for the acceptance and respect of every human life and for the practical development of a new culture of life.

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René Šebeňa

The main goal of this textbook is to introduce selected experimental methods that have been developed to study various psychological processes.

Traditional textbooks on cognitive psychology usually offer a comprehensive system of theoretical knowledge and descriptions of experiments. However, we believe that for a deeper understanding, students need to have their own experience.

This textbook provides instructions on how to demonstrate, visually verify, and thereby better understand selected theories and phenomena through practical exercises. Such direct experience can help in the realization of their own projects.

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Oľga Orosová • Marcela Štefaňáková • Mária Bačíková • Beáta Gajdošová • Anna Janovská

The research monograph is focused on studying the effectiveness of the Unplugged prevention program conducted at primary schools across Slovakia. Using two large datasets with repeated measures, the monograph contributes to research knowledge about substance use prevention. The authors studied protective and risk factors, developmental trends of smoking and alcohol consumption as well as the effectiveness of the Unplugged prevention program – its effect on psychological and behavioural indicators of health-related behaviour. Considering the complexity of the analyses on two datasets with 5 waves of data, each chapter is presented as a separate research study. The findings serve as a basis for recommendations for parents and teachers and also for school management at primary schools that support effective school policy aimed at the prevention and promotion of the health in schoolchildren.

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Renáta Orosová

Problematika efektívneho a odborného využitia prostriedkov zážitkovej pedagogiky a jej pozitívny vplyv na klímu triedy je témou vedeckej monografie. Monografia systematizuje teoretické vedecké poznatky o zážitkovej pedagogike, klíme triedy a súčasnom stave pregraduálnej prípravy budúcich učiteľov a na základe realizácie výskumu (pedagogického experimentu) analyzuje dôležitosť efektívnej prípravy budúcich učiteľov vo vzťahu k odbornému používaniu prostriedkov zážitkovej pedagogiky a jeho vplyvu na klímu triedy.

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Lucia Tóthová • Dušan Šlosár

The presented monographic processing of the issues of groups, as a basic phenomenon of our social life, draws a lot of current knowledge from realized researches, their empirical results and practical work with the group, which offers a comprehensive view of the social group. Social group looks both as a natural part of human life and it is analyzed and studied, so that knowledge of the social group can be rewarded. This has been transferred to artificially created groups to help individuals through group work. At the same time, the monograph also considers the method of social work with a group as one of the methods used in various helping professions.

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Štefan Jusko

Vybrané kapitoly z epistemológie sú dielom viacročnej bádateľskej práce autora a tiež istým zúročením požiadaviek z pedagogickej praxe tohto predmetu. Kapitoly v tejto syntetizujúcej podobe publikované ešte neboli a som presvedčený, že práve v tejto podobe môžu nadobudnúť vyššiu hodnotu a väčší reálny dosah na našich študentov filozofie.

Jednotlivé kapitoly sú zamerané na problém poznania v súčasnosti, predovšetkým na problém kritiky metafyziky a na otázky kreovania postmetafyzického myslenia. Nie je žiadnou náhodou, že spoločným menovateľom predložených textov je F. Nietzsche, filozof, ktorý zásadným spôsobom ovplyvnil a naďalej ovplyvňuje terajšie filozofické diskusie a myšlienkové pohyby.

Kapitoly sú písané tak, aby viedli našich študentov či iných čitateľov k premýšľaniu, teda ku kritickému mysleniu, k osobnému rastu a k odbornej samostatnosti.

Do akej miery sa mi podarilo moje zámery a ciele naplniť, to nechávam na čitateľovi.

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Marianna Sedláková a kol.

The textbook is intended for students of Slovak studies to study the subject of didactics of Slovak as a foreign language.

Its core consists of relevant knowledge gained from the didactics of Slovak as a foreign language, with references to other professional literature. The textbook also includes practical guides for teaching specific language phenomena in schools with Hungarian as the language of instruction or in schools where students predominantly have a mother tongue other than Slovak, such as Romani. Essentially, it involves transforming knowledge acquired and verified in teaching adult foreigners, mainly at universities, into a didactic context for the second level of elementary school and high school, with appropriate emphasis on teaching Slovak as a foreign language at the first level of elementary school as the starting point for the educational process.

The textbook builds on the findings of real research on the state of teaching Slovak as a foreign language in elementary and secondary schools in eastern Slovakia, conducted in projects (EXPERT and DiSaC) implemented at UPJŠ in Košice from 2012 to 2015.

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Ľubov Vladyková (ed.)

In the present text, opinions on environmental literacy are integrated. The most important discoveries of the 21th century exist not in the realm of science, medicine, or technology, but rather in the dawning awareness of the earth's limits and how those limits will affect human evolution. Humanity has reached a crossroad where various ecological catastrophes meet what some call sustainable development. While a great deal of attention has been given to what governments, corporations, utilities, international agencies, and private citizens can do to help in the transition to sustainability, little thought has been given to what schools, colleges, and universities can do. As the health of our planet continues to deteriorate, it is vital to educate and raise ecoliterate citizens.

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Katarína Šiňanská

For a non-governmental organization to be successful, it must focus, among other things, on its main goal of spreading its vision and mission to another area. It can achieve success by increasing its visibility and raising awareness about its activities in society, sending a clear message, and maintaining transparency. The monograph deals with specific areas in which non-profit NGOs are active, i.e. marketing and fundraising. Both these areas are of key importance for the NGO’s success, therefore they require particular attention. It is well known that NGOs lack proper support in Slovakia and their funding is insufficient given the demand for their services. NGOs therefore search for multiple sources of funding and use marketing as a tool. The monograph explains the importance of NGOs in the non-profit sector and justifies the tools they employ when navigating the commercial space.

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Soňa Gabzdilová

Vzdelávací systém (školstvo) je jedným z najúčinnejších nástrojov formovania mladej generácie v každej vyspelej spoločnosti. V školách sa utvára nielen vzdelanostná báza nutná pre plnenie požiadaviek v hospodárstve a v spoločenskej sfére, ale taktiež sa formuje národná a ideová identita každého člena spoločnosti. Škola má určujúci podiel na tvorbe pozitívnych hodnôt, ale môže byť aj živnou pôdou xenofóbie a rasistických postojov.

Nezastupiteľnú úlohu má škola vo vytváraní národného povedomia, stotožnenia sa s vlastným národom, jeho históriou, hrdinskými činmi predkov a so zmyslom existencie.

Po rozpade Rakúsko-Uhorska došlo v strednej Európe k fundamentálnym geopolitickým zmenám. Jednou z nich bol vznik Československa, štátu založeného na radikálne odlišných princípoch než bolo predvojnové Uhorsko. Zakladatelia Československej republiky (ČSR), osobnosti, ktoré rozhodujúcim spôsobom určili charakter politického zriadenia v novovzniknutej republike, nepatrili k privilegovaným vrstvám predošlého režimu. Na rozdiel od Uhorska, kde takmer bez výnimky kontrolovala politickú moc šľachta, elitu v Československu tvorili muži, ktorí boli radikálnymi kritikmi Rakúsko-Uhorska. Výstižným príkladom bola najvplyvnejšia osobnosť medzivojnového Československa, prezident Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Napriek svojmu pôvodu Masaryk bol Čechmi i Slovákmi vnímaný ako zakladateľ štátu, legendárna postava, ktorá politickým a spoločenským vplyvom ďaleko presahovala právomoci prezidentského úradu. Protikladom ku konzervatívnemu Uhorsku bolo Československo štátom, kde najmä v prvých rokoch dominovali ľavicové idey. Nemenej hlboké boli zmeny v politickej a národnostnej rovine. Československo sa stalo parlamentnou demokraciou, v rámci ktorej pôsobili politické zoskupenia organizované na ideovom, konfesionálnom i etnickom princípe. Mocenským, politickým a spoločenským centrom republiky sa stal tzv. československý národ, súručenstvo Čechov a Slovákov. Česi a Slováci, vnímaní ako „vetvy“ jednotného národného celku, boli definovaní ako „štátotvorný národ“, ipso facto, oprávnení k určujúcej úlohe v štáte. Československá republika sa takto stala národným štátom, napriek skutočnosti, že obyvateľstvo tvorili aj početné komunity Nemcov a Maďarov. Na Slovensku v dôsledku maďarizácie, t. j. transformácie mnohonárodnostného Uhorska na etnicky homogénny štát, nezohrávala inteligencia tak významnú úlohu ako tomu bolo v Čechách. Štátne orgány preto úsilie zacielili predovšetkým na „poslovenčenie“ 5 Slovenska. Významná, vari najvýznamnejšia úloha v uvedenom procese pripadala výstavbe školského systému, ktorý by dokázal vychovávať mladú generáciu v súlade s ideologickými cieľmi a hospodárskymi potrebami republiky.

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Božena Velebná

The following material has been created during the two years of teaching English for Chemists at the Faculty of Science of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University and is therefore designed to meet the needs of this course. The main motivation was the lack of appropriate materials, especially as the groups generally comprise students with a very diverse level of English. This diversity therefore became the main criterion determining both the form and the content of this text.

In the ten units that provide material for a one semester course, the emphasis is put on teaching the students vocabulary and terminology, which is introduced via authentic texts, depending on the topic of each unit. Students are encouraged to learn the meaning of new words in context. Grammar is included too, with the aim of demonstrating and explaining grammatical rules by means of examples taken directly from the texts. For the more advanced students, grammatical exercises in this material can serve for revision while the beginners might need more supplementary materials.

I hope that this material, the preparation of which has been a challenging as well as enjoyable experience will be useful for future teachers and the students of this course.

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Ľubov Vladyková

Reflection of technics  is about as old as philosophy. In the presented monograph the author reflects technology and technology as a medium of everyday life. Every technical change is reflected in countless levels of our lives: environmental, economic, political, cultural and personal. The moral-philosophical reflection of technics and  technology aims to understand the complex relationships and effects of technology on the environment, society, culture and our existence. Knowledge (whose scientific knowledge is a special type) is part of the social and technical domains. If we perceive social and technical domains as separate, we deny their functioning as an integral part of our existence. Speaking of 'new ecology of technology and technology'  the term ecology symbolizes the new existing disorder and 'cross-border' in the field of technology and technology reflection as a result of their revolutionary and far-reaching changes, and social change is unpredictable - all the more because technics and technology is the medium of everyday life and determines the future of the human species.

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Ivica Hajdučeková - Iveta Bónová

https://unibook.upjs.sk/en/filozoficka-fakulta/995-masa-halamova-in-the-dar-cerveny-mak-smrt-tvoju-zijem-triad.html

The first personal monograph, On the Lyrical Triptych of Maša Haľamová (Life and Work), by co-authors Ivica Hajdučeková and Iveta Bónová, presents the results of archival research and analytical-interpretative insights into the structure of poetic texts. Life events at key points (V znamení osmičiek, Domov na brehu jazera, V ruchu redakčnej práce, Fáza po Mladých letách) are reconstructed based on autobiographical memories, archival documents, personal correspondence, as well as unpublished or published articles and interviews. An intriguing perspective on the author´s work is offered by self-referential notes and a reconstruction of opinions on her poetics and the artistic value of her poetry from the years 1928 – 2017, as expressed by contemporary and modern literary critics. The reconstruction of the genesis of the poem Dar (Gift), which relates to her connections with A. Kostolný and E.B. Lukáč, revealed the underpinnings of poetic inspiration and confirmed the productivity of archival research and exegetical methods. The analytical-interpretative insight into lyrical triptych Dar – Červený mak – Smrť tvoju žijem, realized through a spectrum of differentiated spirituality and the method of hermeneutic reading with an emphasis on the function of polyvocality, demonstrated that meta-empirical reality is shaped through natural imagery and the function of allusion. Across the three poetry collections, the lyrical parable and the process of spiritualization or spiritual growth of the lyrical subject are depicted, emblemized by the red poppy, blooming limber pine, and flowering moss. In conjunction with the analysis of the rhythmic-melodic structure of free yet phonetically organized verse – utilizing not only the folkloric inspirations of folk songs and ballads but also the religious tradition of spiritual hymns, prayers, and psalms – which confirmed that the poet´s sense and sensitivity for the „colourfulness“ of sounds and the „melodiousness“ of tones contributed to the architectural formation of the final form. This form is inseparably infused with the meta-empirical dimension of spirituality (eisos – eidos – Logos).

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