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Katarína Gajdošová - Lucia Jasinská

Book of Abstracts from the XXXI Colloquium of Young Linguists (Danišovce, November 30 – December 1, 2022)

In the present book of abstracts from the 31st Colloquium of Young Linguists, VARIA XXXI, we offer readers an overview of the current research efforts of its participants. The volume contains 23 thematically and methodologically diverse contributions by 24 authors from Slovak as well as Czech linguistic institutions. From the perspective of language components, the book includes abstracts from the fields of corpus linguistics, onomastics, morphology, dialectology, syntax, stylistics, lexicology, phraseology, didactics, and also with overlaps into literary texts.

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Lucia Jasinská

Tradícia organizovania kolokvií na Slovensku už štandardne prináleží vždy inému akademickému slovakistickému pracovisku. Jeho XXXI. ročník sa realizoval pod organizačnou taktovkou Katedry slovakistiky, slovanských filológií a komunikácie Filozofickej fakulty UPJŠ v Košiciach, ako aj košickej pobočky Slovenskej jazykovednej spoločnosti a Slovenskej jazykovednej spoločnosti pri Jazykovednom ústave Ľ. Štúra SAV, v. v.i. V univerzitných priestoroch Učebno-výcvikového zariadenia Danišovce sa počasdvojdňového podujatia stretli nádejní mladí jazykovedci nielen zo Slovenska, ale aj z Českej republiky. Výstupom kolokvia mladých jazykovedcov býva najprv zborník abstraktov, publikovaný už v čase realizovania podujatia, a neskôr zborník príspevkov ako pripomienka tejto udalosti a tiež ako odraz vedeckých záujmov mladých lingvistov. Kolokvialisti prezentovali svoje príspevky venované výskumným problémom z rôznych oblastí jazykovedy, a to z oblasti korpusovej lingvistiky, onomastiky, morfológie, dialektológie, syntaxe, štylistiky, lexikológie, frazeológie aj didaktiky, niektorí dokonca s presahom do literárnych textov.

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Nándor Birher-Péter Tamás Bertalan

The document, titled "Vatican Diplomacy Around Trianon from a Hungarian Perspective," is a scholarly work that examines the geopolitical and ecclesiastical changes in East-Central Europe after the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, with a focus on the role of the Vatican. The book explores the interactions between the Vatican and the reshaped geopolitical landscape, emphasizing the influence of religious and ecclesiastical issues on international relations. The monograph posits that Central Europe is not merely a geographic or economic concept but a "spiritual kingdom" with a shared destiny shaped by interdependence and cultural achievements, despite its history of conflicts. Central Europe's rich intellectual and cultural heritage, deeply influenced by religious convictions and Vatican diplomacy, continues to impact the region's identity and unity. The book suggests that the lessons from the early 20th century, including the Trianon Peace Treaty and subsequent geopolitical shifts, are still relevant in understanding the contemporary political and cultural dynamics of Central Europe. The authors encourage readers to reflect on the past and consider how historical events and decisions have shaped present-day Central Europe. The book aims to provide insights into the region's complex history and its ongoing struggle to find its place in the broader European and global context.

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Iveta Bónová - Ivica Hajdučeková - Lucia Jasinská (eds.)

The proceedings maps three significant events organised in 2018 – 2019 within the project KEGA No. 008UPJŠ-4/2017 Science without barriers (Interdisciplinary inspirations of contemporary literary scholarship and linguistics in university educational practice; principal investigator prof. PhDr. J. Gbúr, CSc.) at the Department of Slovak Studies, Slavonic Philologies and Communication, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

The first activity was a scholarly and artistic symposium Science without barriers held in March 6 – 8, 2019 on the occassion of the 80^th birthday of Dr. h. c. prof. PhDr. Ján Sabol, DrSc. It brought extended abstracts of participants in two sections (Slovak studies and literary scholarship in interdisciplinary contexts) as its outcome. The next two parts describe artistically oriented events: Interpretational afternoon (a competition for the best interpretation of Ján Sabol´s book of verse Love in Blue) with the winning works added, and the vernissage Literature through an objective lens with the share of students of the School of Industrial Visual Arts in Košice.

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Lucia Bosáková - Zuzana Dankulincová - Daniela Fiľakovská

Publication called Scientific communication and management of research projects serves as background and teaching material. Its aim is to help university students and researchers develop competencies important for scientific work, such as scientific integrity, critical work with literary sources, management of research projects and scientific communication. Publication is divided into four parts.

The first part is focused on the preparation of a research project, where it is important to know the basic ethical principles applied in the research project, but also to be able to critically assess literary sources and process them. In the second part, it provides information on the preparation of research projects and their management, including their financing, from preparation and planning, through initialization to implementation, management, logistics, monitoring, evaluation and termination. The third part pays attention to the preparation, processing and presentation of scientific results in the form of a scientific article, presentation, poster or press release, thus covering not only a professional but also a lay audience.

The final fourth part provides information about communication with a scientific journal, whether it is the process of sending, revising an article up to its publication, or the process of assessing scientific work by scientific journal editors in the process of screening and peer review.

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Michal Jesenko - Martina Kantorová - Veronika Džatková - Jana Volochová (eds.)

A peer-reviewed proceeding of contributions from the 9th international scientific conference “Public Administration and Society” which was held on September 30th, 2022 at the Faculty of Public Administration of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice. The content of the proceeding consists of the latest scientific knowledge of domestic and foreign authors conceived in thematic areas of law, sociology, economics and political science. The focus of the conference was to present the results of scientific research activities in the field of modern theory and practice of public administration, as well as the opportunities to share practical experiences, to create space for establishing and deepening cooperation with domestic and foreign universities and research institutes, public administration institutions and bodies and to exchange the experiences and knowledge by public servants.

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Michal Jesenko (editor) - Eva Mihalíková - Darina Koreňová

Public Administration and Society is a scientific journal publishing scientific academic articles, contributions to discussion and reviews having the content orientation on the theory and practice of Public Administration. The mission of the Journal is to publish significant results of the scientific scholarly researches regarding the area of public administration and related disciplines which are connected with the study profile and scientific bias of our Faculty. The Scientific Journal is issued in electronic version.

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Michal Jesenko(výkonný redaktor)

Eva Mihalíková, Darina Koreňová(ed.)

Public Administration and Society is a scientific journal publishing scientific academic articles, contributions to discussion and reviews having the content orientation on the theory and practice of Public Administration. The mission of the Journal is to publish significant results of the scientific scholarly researches regarding the area of public administration and related disciplines which are connected with the study profile and scientific bias of our Faculty. The Scientific Journal is issued in electronic version.

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Michal Jesenko (editor) - Eva Mihalíková - Darina Koreňová

Public Administration and Society is a scientific journal publishing scientific academic articles, contributions to discussion and reviews having the content orientation on the theory and practice of Public Administration. The mission of the Journal is to publish significant results of the scientific scholarly researches regarding the area of public administration and related disciplines which are connected with the study profile and scientific bias of our Faculty. The Scientific Journal is issued in electronic version.

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Eva Výrostová (ed.)

Proceedings of the International Scientific Seminar "Public Administration as a Provider of Public Services of a Social State - Utilising Foreign Experience for Reforms in the Slovak Republic" held at the Faculty of Public Administration, UPJŠ, Popradská 66 in Košice on 24 November 2017

Public services represent an increasingly expanding segment of the public sector. This growth can be identified primarily horizontally – from services related to general security and other forms of state functionality, through technical infrastructure, postal and telecommunications services, transportation, and information services, to increasingly emphasized healthcare, cultural, educational, and social services. Simultaneously, the entire structure of public services is expanding vertically, particularly in depth: within each area, the range of provided services is broadening.

In this context, the importance of optimizing the structure of service providers is growing, which is the focus of such reform processes as decentralization, deconcentration, privatization, or other forms of structural transformation. The outcome may vary under different conditions, resulting in diverse provider structures for public services of the social state, where the state and its bodies or organizations continue to hold a significant position.

Consequently, the significance of the public administration model as the primary state provider of these services is increasing: due to these processes, countries develop distinct and sometimes incomparable systems of public service providers, even within state bodies or organizations acting on behalf of the state. However, the varying effectiveness of public service delivery systems by public administration bodies remains a persistent reality.

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Igor Palúš - Ondrej Mitaľ - Vladimíra Žofčinová

Peer-reviewed proceedings from an international scientific conference organized on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Faculty of Public Administration at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, held on November 15, 2018, in Košice

On November 15, 2018, an international scientific conference titled "Public Administration in a Current Democratic and Legal State" was held at the Faculty of Public Administration of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

This scientific event, attended by more than 60 experts from domestic and foreign universities and faculties, as well as representatives of various institutions from the public administration environment, marked the 20th anniversary of the Faculty of Public Administration. The first part of the conference took place in a plenary session, and the second part continued with discussions in four sections, whose names align with the priority scientific orientation of the faculty's departments. At the plenary session, as well as in the professional sections, many content-rich and thought-provoking presentations were delivered, which undoubtedly contribute to further developing the theory of public administration in general and to developing partial scientific themes addressed by the faculty's departments in particular.

The scientific conference was characterized by a working atmosphere, a cultivated scientific and professional environment, with numerous discussions among participants related to current issues and problems in public administration, as well as formulating proposals for further cooperation in the field of science and education. The Faculty will publish a peer-reviewed scientific proceedings from the conference, which will have two parts due to the large number of active participants. The first part includes three presentations from the plenary session corresponding to the content of contributions that were presented during the discussions in sections guaranteed by the Department of Public Policy and Theory of Public Administration and the Department of Public Law Disciplines. The second part includes two presentations from the plenary session that are content-wise related to the discussions in sections guaranteed by the Department of Social Sciences and the Department of Economics and Public Administration Management.

Thanks are due to all active participants in the scientific conference, as well as those who were involved in its preparation and organization.

prof. JUDr. Igor Palúš, CSc.
 Chairman of the Organizing Committee

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Igor Palúš - Ondrej Mitaľ - Vladimíra Žofčinová

Peer-Reviewed Proceedings of Contributions from the International Scientific Conference Organized on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Faculty of Public Administration at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, held on November 15, 2018, in Košice.

On November 15, 2018, an international scientific conference titled "Public Administration in the Contemporary Democratic and Legal State" was held at the Faculty of Public Administration of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

This scientific event, attended by more than 60 experts from domestic and foreign universities and faculties, as well as representatives of various institutions from the public administration environment, marked the 20th anniversary of the Faculty of Public Administration. The first part of the conference took place within a plenary session, while the second part continued with discussions in four sections, whose names align with the priority scientific orientation of the faculty's departments. At the plenary session, as well as in the professional sections, many content-rich and inspiring presentations were delivered, which undoubtedly contribute to further developing the theory of public administration in general and to developing specific scientific topics addressed by the faculty's departments in particular.

The scientific conference was characterized by a working atmosphere, a cultivated scientific and professional environment, with numerous discussions among participants related to current issues and problems in public administration, as well as formulating proposals for further cooperation in the fields of science and education. The Faculty is publishing a peer-reviewed scientific proceedings from the conference, which will consist of two parts due to the large number of active participants. The first part includes three presentations from the plenary session corresponding to the content of contributions delivered during the section discussions guaranteed by the Department of Public Policy and Theory of Public Administration and the Department of Public Law Disciplines. The second part includes two presentations from the plenary session that are content-wise related to the discussions in sections guaranteed by the Department of Social Sciences and the Department of Economics and Public Administration Management.

We extend our gratitude to all active participants of the scientific conference, as well as to those who contributed organizationally to its preparation and course.

prof. JUDr. Igor Palúš, CSc.
Chairman of the Organizing Comittee

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Magdaléna Halachová - Denisa Rovenská

The monograph theoretically analyzes the virtual environment and its aspects, offers insight into the identity of the child in the virtual environment, the necessity of social support and the diversity of social relationships in the real world and virtual reality.

Furthermore, it contains the fundamental training program designed to minimize the risks of the virtual reality, because adolescents are often exposed to risks uncontrollably. For that reason it focuses on adolescent and empowering optimal self-image, as well as creating and maintaining real social networks.

The set of experiential-educational activities is conceptually divided into two main areas. The first one is content-focused on the adolescent, his/her psychological capability including opinions, attitudes, emotions, competences, and self-reflection.

The second one focuses on interpersonal real and virtual relationships, the recognition of the advantages and disadvantages of internet communication and face-to-face interaction, and last but not least for more optimal use of the Internet and preference for real social interaction.

Authors

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Peter Berek

University scripts “Visceral pathology of vascular origin“analyze one of the most challenging vascular regions, the aorta and the visceral aortic branches, from the surgical perspective. The diagnostic and the treatment aneurysms of the abdominal aorta are dedicated to the first chapter. Early diagnostic and operative treatment is crucial in the treatment of ruptured aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Shortening of the interval between the patient’s arrival with ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta into the hospital and the beginning of the operation decreased the perioperative mortality. This shortening, together with the use of the cell savers, led to the dropping of perioperative mortality from 50% to 20%. The diagnostics and surgical treatment of the acute and chronic occlusion of the aorta and iliac arteries are analyzed in the second chapter. In this chapter, the focus is given to the aortobifemoral bypass as “the gold standard“ of the surgical therapy of aortoiliac atherosclerosis. The management of acute mesenteric ischemia is the content of the third chapter. Acute mesenteric ischemia is a severe condition with high mortality. The problem of acute mesenterial ischemia is a delayed diagnostic that is the reason for poor therapeutical outcomes of the disease. The possible imagine studies and operations used in treating acute mesenteric ischemia are brought in this chapter. Chronic mesenteric ischemia leads to cachexia. The diagnosis of chronic mesenterial ischemia is one of the most demanding, and surgical therapy used in the treatment of chronic mesenterial ischemia also belongs to the most challenging operations. Left-sided colon ischemia belongs to the severe complications of the aortoiliac reconstructions. Left-sided colon ischemia has a high mortality. In the prevention of the left-sided colon, ischemia is preserving at least one internal iliac artery. The complex diagnostics treatment of intraabdominal compressive syndromes as Dunbar syndróme, „Nutcracker“ syndróme a Wilkie syndróme, analyzed in the last chapter.

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Alexander Onufrák, Peter Dubóczi, Lukáš Jakabovič

The submitted publication entitled Voľby 2023/2024: výsledky – hodnotenia – dôsledky reflects a wide range of topics related to the electoral processes that took place in 2023 and 2024 in Slovakia and abroad. The publication deals with both the evaluation of the currently valid electoral legislation, including proposals for its further improvement, and the broader socio-political consequences of the elections in connection with democratization and integration processes. The submitted publication is published as an output of the VEGA project No. 1/0474/24 Audit of Slovak electoral and referendum legislation, the project leader of which is prof. JUDr. Ladislav Orosz, CSc. from the Faculty of Law of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and in which the Department of Political Science of the Faculty of Arts of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice also participates. The authors of the individual contributions analyze all types of elections, from municipal and regional, through parliamentary and presidential, to elections to the European Parliament. While some authors focused primarily on the local or regional level, others chose an approach focused on the national or supranational level, and the geographical scope of the cases examined was extremely diverse. 

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Žofia Mrázová - Ján Husár - Jaroslav Dolný a kol.

The publication "Volené orgány kapitálových spoločností. Vybrané otázky" focuses on the assessment of legal aspects of the performance of corporate boards members and on solving application problems regarding relations arising between members of the board of directors and supervisory board and the company itself.

The first part of the publication deals with the basic conceptual preconditions to become members of elected corporate boards, including conditions for their appointment and removal. Among the issues addressed is also the required standard of performance of corporate boards members in relation to the concept of professional care and duty of loyalty. Remuneration of elected board members as well as the possibility of opposing the contract for performance are also analysed.

The application problems partly extend to bankruptcy law when examining the obligations of board of directors after the bankruptcy of a company, specifically in matters of the emergence of special liability of the board of directors as well as their performance even after the bankruptcy.

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Alena Buková - Rastislav Feč

Physical activity is globally understood by the professional community as one of the most important factors in addressing public health prevention issues. Trends in modern lifestyles tend towards a sedentary way of life, both in the workplace and especially in leisure time.

A passive lifestyle thus affects the health of every individual. For many years, physical education experts have been appealing to the general public and pointing out the numerous risks associated with neglecting physical activity in any age category. One of the serious manifestations of a lack of physical activity is excessive weight gain. The ever-increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, especially its occurrence in increasingly younger age categories, makes obesity one of the most serious risk factors and one of the biggest problems worldwide.

Its globalization is mainly caused by the consumption of high-energy foods and a lack of physical activity in daily routines. The rise in overweight and obesity is the result of an inadequate energy intake relative to its expenditure - insufficient physical activity

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Adela Kravčáková - Stanislav Vokál - Janka Vrláková 

The presented “General Physics IV, Part 1: Atomic Physics” is intended as a basic study material for lectures from General Physics IV in the second year of bachelor-level study of physics and interdisciplinary study in combination with physics at the Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice. The content covers the first part of the given course of physics, devoted to atomic physics.

The aim of the course is to obtain basic information about the structure of the atom and the electron shell of the atom.

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Roman Beňačka  a kolektív

Obsahovo i formou nová učebnica všeobecnej patofyziológie v slovenskom jazyku pre štúdium predmetu Patologická fyziológia pre odbor Všeobecné lekrástvo na lekárskych fakultách na Slovensku resp. v zahraniční. Nadväzuje na pedagogické skúsenosti s výučbou klasickej a molekulárnej patofyziológie a tradíciu vysokoškolských učebníc vydávaných Ústavom patofyziológie Lekárskej fakulty v Košiciach (prvá slovenská učebnica i učebnica Všeobecnej patofyziológie). Učebnica popisuje všetky základné témy z nozológie, etiológie a patogenzéy, ktoré sú tradične  predmetom výučby patofyziológie na lekárskych fakultách v európskom priestore. Prináša najnovšie poznatky štýlom i obsahovo v priamej konfrontácii s obdobnou cudzojazyčnou literatúrou a tp v čitateľsky rovnako atraktívnej prezentačnej forme s početnými obrázkami a tabuľkami.

Alexander Bröstl

Učebnica Všeobecnej štátovedy predstavuje tradičný obsah predmetu, ako sa rozvinul v európskej kontinentálnej podobe (altematívou štátovedy je dnes na viacerých univerzitách, aj mimo právnických fakúlt, politická veda). Medzi dvanástimi kapitolami  sa okrem viac-menej stabilne prítomných  (1. Jednotlivca spoločnosť; 2. Teórie o príčinách vzniku štátu a o účele štátu; 3. Znaky (prvky)štátu; 8. Politické strany a štát) nachádzajú aj kapitoly, ktoré spravidla nie sú, alebo doteraz neboli predmetom štandardného záujmu (5. Politický spor, zmena ústavy,  revolúcia,  právo  na  odpor;  6. Rozpadnuté  a stroskotané  štáty;  7. Štát a cirkev).Niektoré kapitoly predstavujú návrat k pôvodným štátovedným klasifikáciám (9. Funkcie štátu). V rámci prezentácie historických a aktuálnych otázok týkajúcich sa Formy štátu (najrozsiahlejšia 1O. kapitola)ide o pokus objasnit' nové aspekty problematiky(napríklad, podkapitoly ako Parlamentná opozícia, Ústavné súdnictvo). Záverečná časť učebnice sa venuje Modernému ústavnému štátu: právnemu štátu(12.kapitola)a možno ju považovat' za príspevok k analýze princípov právneho štátu a jeho viacerých teórií. Úmyslom autora bolo tiež prispieť k autentickému výkladu názorov niektorých myslitel'ov  predošlých období, návratom k pôvodným textom ich diel. Všeobecná štátoveda, adresovaná predovšetkým študentom, má za ciel' tvoriť úvod do právnického štúdia ako jeho osvedčená základňa, zdroj i východisko.

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Daniela Kladeková

This university text is intended for students of chemical and ecological sciences at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the P. J. Šafárik University in Košice and is intended to serve as a tool for experimental exercises in colloid chemistry. Colloid chemistry is an important part of the theoretical basis of the chemical sciences and belongs to the newer interdisciplinary fields of natural sciences.

It combines knowledge from physical chemistry, physics and biology, while also drawing on a solid knowledge of mathematics and other scientific disciplines. Experiments are often essential in understanding the problems of colloid chemistry, modelling ideas about the phenomena and laws involved in the discipline. This is why active participation in experimental exercises is so important and essential to mastering the material in colloid chemistry.

In selecting the tasks for these scripts, it was also necessary to respect the considerable limitations imposed by the possibilities of the laboratory instrumentation and material equipment of our department. Despite this limitation, however, they can illustrate to students the basic theoretical physicochemical principles of colloid dispersion systems and, importantly, their understanding can contribute to the understanding of some of the more important peculiarities of colloidal phenomena.

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Mariana Budovská

The aim of writing the university textbook "Selected Heterocyclic Compounds" was to create a study aid for students of the Organic Chemistry program, which provides essential information in a clear format for the subject of Heterocyclic Compounds. In selecting the content of the textbook, the goal was to present basic information about the chemistry of the most significant heterocycles. Given that the summary of chemical knowledge about heterocycles is vast, it was not possible to include all heterocyclic compounds in the content.

The intention was for readers to orient themselves in the field of heterocyclic compounds. Separate chapters included in the content address the nomenclature of heterocycles, basic chemical properties of individual heterocycles, their synthesis and reactions, the occurrence of heterocycles in nature, and their practical applications (medications, dyes, pesticides, detergents, etc.).

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Mária Rašiová

Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Academic textbook: Selected Chapters from Angiology is devoted to the most common vascular diseases that the angiologist encounters on a daily basis.

Dilated artery diseases (abdominal aortic aneurysm), as well as stenotizing diseases of peripheral arteries, are described. Diseases such as deep vein thrombosis, thrombophlebitis and chronic venous insufficiency are discussed in the venous vascular system section. I also deal with the most common lymphatic vascular system disease ˗ lymphoedema.

In the individual chapters the risk factors of the diseases, symptoms and signs, diagnostics, treatment modalities (pharmacological therapy, endovascular therapy, angiosurgical therapy) and possible complications of the therapy are briefly analyzed.

My priority was to present the information in a logical, interesting and comprehensible form for students and for common clinical practice.

Author

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Štefan Jusko

Selected chapters from axiology are the result of the author's multi-year research work and also a certain fulfillment of the requirements from pedagogical practice in this subject. The chapters in this synthesizing form have not been published yet, and I am convinced that precisely in this form they can acquire higher value and greater real impact on our philosophy students.

Individual chapters focus on the problem of the collapse of traditional values, often leading to nihilism and loss of meaning in human existence. It is no coincidence that Friedrich Nietzsche, a philosopher who first called for a reevaluation of all values, is a common denominator among these texts. Another key figure is F. Dostojevskij, a Russian philosophising writer who views nihilism—the problem of value destruction—differently. The goal of these texts is literally to provoke our students so that they independently and creatively address questions related to the meaning of their own existence.

As I am convinced, our time presents a great challenge for new, original ideas and axiological judgments that have always preceded cognitive ones. To what extent my intentions and goals have been fulfilled remains up to the reader to decide.

Autor

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Dušan Barabas - Alena Labunová

These study materials aim to provide basic information about biogeographical issues from a geographical perspective, i.e., a perspective focused primarily on the aspect of spatial differentiation of the biosphere. The basis for the division of the biosphere is its historical development, during which individual taxa and communities were formed.

The historical development of the biosphere did not occur under stable, constant conditions, but rather in ever-changing conditions caused by the position of our planet within the solar system, the position of the Earth's axis relative to the ecliptic, and also the position of the solar system within the galaxy. All changes in the Earth's position, together with the movement of continents (drift) and climate changes, created the prerequisites for the spatial expansion of the biosphere. The historical development of the biosphere, various perspectives, the hierarchical level of differentiation, and the causes of differentiation are incorporated in this study material, whose aim is to outline the basic principles of this division.

The goal is also to highlight certain differences in the understanding of terminology, as well as to point out some fundamental relationships operating within the landscape system in the broadest sense of the word. The section devoted to the ecological principles of the functioning and formation of the landscape system, according to MIČIAN and ZATKALÍK (1984), outlines the issues of understanding the terms ecosystem and geosystem. For this reason, the presented text includes chapters that attempt to explain the understanding and approach to some basic concepts.

These study materials are intended for students of single-subject, interdisciplinary, and supplementary studies as basic teaching material. By expanding the knowledge from this study material with further information, which is elaborated in more detail in the literature listed in the bibliography of this text, graduates will gain a comprehensive view of biogeographical issues.

Authors

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Milan Olejník

The history of ancient Greece and Rome represents the culmination of achievements made by ancient civilizations in political, economic, and social spheres, as well as in understanding humanity and the world, and in art. The Greeks were the first in human history to establish a system where a certain part of society—full-fledged citizens—had the opportunity to freely participate in political decisions. They could vote, be elected to offices within the political system, and discuss issues affecting community life.

A high level of education and the pursuit of rational explanations for natural phenomena enabled the Greeks to reach a level of knowledge that European nations only achieved in the modern era. Greek accomplishments in sculpture, architecture, and literature remain an inspiration to this day.

Despite a gap of more than two millennia, their thinking and actions are relatable; their victories and defeats resonate with us, offering lessons even today.

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Milena Švedová - Ivan Uher

The presented educational text provides a comprehensive view of the emergence and development of physical culture, physical education, and sports both in our country and worldwide. Its content focuses on acquiring basic concepts and issues related to the history of physical culture.

The text is intended primarily for students of sports disciplines in full-time and external studies, as well as for the general public interested in the historical development of physical culture in our country and abroad. According to Sýkora (1992), physical culture has been a part of societal and personal culture since the dawn of humanity, encompassing all methods and results of enduring human activity aimed at shaping one's physical and motor attributes and abilities.

The first chapter focuses on the analysis of historical sources, their types, and methods for determining facts. In subsequent chapters, we present a chronological overview of the development of various historical periods from the earliest times of human existence to the present, with an emphasis on physical culture.

The final chapter characterizes physical culture in the independent era of Slovakia.

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 Ingrid Schusterová 

To offer our medical students of 5th and 6th classes as well as to professional public (pediatrics, pediatric cardiologists) integrated information from pediatric cardiology, which is based on scientific knowledge of experts and practical requirements including our experiences. The publication will extend given the discipline of cardiovascular risk factors of cardiovascular heart disease and acquired heart diseases, which are more actual at the present time in the children as we as bring the new didactic methods in pediatric cardiology teaching.

Autor

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Kveta Markušová - Daniela Kladeková

Electrochemistry is the science that studies ionic systems and the processes or phenomena that occur at the interface between ionic systems and metals or semiconductors. At the current stage of development, electrochemistry can be divided into two main areas based on its focus. The first one - ionics - deals with the properties of ionic systems (solutions, melts, solid electrolytes). The second area - electrodeics - focuses on phenomena at the electrode/ionic system interface.

Both ionics and electrodeics investigate equilibrium and non-equilibrium phenomena and processes. Research into the properties of ionic systems under equilibrium conditions provides information and insights into the structure and composition of electrolyte solutions, melts, and solid electrolytes, while measurements under non-equilibrium conditions provide data on the electrical conductivity of ionic systems. In the field of electrodeics, the study of equilibria at the electrode/solution (or melt) interface is the domain of electrochemical thermodynamics. Measuring the rates of processes occurring at this phase interface and explaining the principles governing these processes fall under the scope of electrode process kinetics or electrochemical kinetics.

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Štefan Jusko

Selected Chapters in Epistemology" is a work resulting from the author's multi-year research and also represents a fulfillment of the requirements from pedagogical practice in this subject. The chapters, presented in this synthesized form, have not been published before, and I am convinced that precisely in this form they can gain higher value and greater real impact on our philosophy students.

The individual chapters focus on the problem of knowledge today, primarily on the problem of criticizing metaphysics and questions related to creating post-metaphysical thinking. It is no coincidence that Friedrich Nietzsche is a common denominator for the presented texts; he is a philosopher who has fundamentally influenced and continues to influence current philosophical discussions and intellectual movements. The chapters are written to lead our students or other readers toward reflection, i.e., critical thinking, personal growth, and professional independence.

To what extent I have succeeded in fulfilling my intentions and goals remains for the reader to decide.

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Peter Olexa

Učebné texty „Vybrané kapitoly z gerontológie a geriatrie" sú určené pre štúdium študentov medicíny na Lekárskej fakulty UPJŠ v odbore Všeobecné lekárstvo v rámci výučby klinických špecializačných blokov v odbore Interná medicína - Geriatria .

Vo svojom úvode sa učebné texty venujú demografii z pohľadu starnutia populácie, vysvetľujú základné pojmy ako gerontológia, jej rozdelenie a následne sa zaoberajú aj úlohou a poslaním klinického odboru geriatria. Následne zrozumiteľne opisujú a vysvetľujú základné piliere geriatrickej medicíny, ktorými sú komplexné geriatrické vyšetrenie, základné geriatrické syndrómy, kam patrí krehkosť, malnutrícia, sarkopénia, kognitívne poruchy, a polyfarmácia . V závere sa venujú ageizmu, ktorý je tiež dôležitým javom v dnešnej klinickej medicíne.

MUDr. Peter Olexa, PhD.

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 Karol Feč - Milena Švedová 

Predkladaný učebný text predstavuje základný sumár informácií z gymnastiky, ktorý je v súlade s výchovno - vzdelávacím procesom. Svojím obsahom je zameraný na osvojenie základov gymnastických športov s dôrazom na problematiku športovej gymnastiky, terminológie, histórie, pravidiel, výberu talentov a problematiku motorického učenia. Učebný text je určený študentom denného a externého štúdia, trénerom v oddieloch a kluboch so zameraním na gymnastické športy. Prvá časť učebných textov je zameraná na systematiku gymnastiky v súčasnosti a historický prehľad formovania gymnastických športov s akcentom na ich charakteristiku a delenie. V druhej časti práce hlbšie analyzujeme terminológiu prosných a základy poradovej prípravy. Tretia časť práce objasňuje výber talentov a predikciu výkonnosti na základe vlastných mnohoročných praktických skúseností a výskumov v tejto oblasti. Záverečná časť práce je zameraná na základy športovej prípravy, techniku a didaktiku základných cvičebných tvarov na jednotlivých náradiach a základy hodnotenia v športovej gymnastike.

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