Psychológia v medicíne

E-book

Jana Mašlanková

Colorectal carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the digestive system, and its rising incidence in Slovakia—particularly among the male population—is alarming. Although significant progress has been made in the diagnosis, screening, and treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, therapeutic options remain limited, necessitating the discovery of additional markers to serve as prognostic predictors.

This monograph aims to draw the attention of the professional community to the critical role and significance of the TGF-β signaling pathway in the initiation, progression, and treatment of colorectal carcinoma. A substantial portion of the text focuses on lesser-known emerging trends and ongoing clinical trials for colorectal cancer patients.

The monograph aspires to provide a balanced resource that serves as an engaging informational tool not only for specialist physicians but also for medical faculty students. By integrating novel insights and clinical data, it seeks to bridge gaps in current understanding and highlight potential avenues for future research and therapy.

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Martina Šemeláková (ed.)

Proceedings contain abstracts from participants of the scientific conference with international participation under the name: Student scientific international conference GenICa”, supported by the project "Bilateral relations and common knowledge between Slovakia and Iceland research at Universities on the topic "Genomic instability and cancer "GenICa", funded under the EEA and Norwegian 2014-2021 Financial Mechanism Programme (FBR02, bilateral initiatives under the Fund for Bilateral Relations at national level co-financed by EEA and Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021) which took place on 19 - 21 June 2024 in the premises of Hotel Sorea Trigan, Štrbské Pleso, Slovakia.

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Ján Varga

The cancer is the second most common reason of the death in human population. lt is responsible for approximately 10 million of death every year. Oncogynecology represents · one of the most pr ogressive part of gynecology. The interest is focused on vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, fallopian tube carcinoma, ovarian cancer as well as breast cancer. Due to the range of the issue there are own workplaces ta king care just for the patients with oncogyneco logical diseases. The knowledge from oncogynecology are inevitably needed to pass the state exam as well as specialization from Gynecology and obstetrics. The presented publication is focused to mentioned oncogynecological diseases.

The anatomy and histology of the vulva, vagína, cervix, uterus, fallop ian tube and ovary are described in detail. Every described carcinoma contains part about etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic, classification and therapy. The paper contains information suitable for students of medical faculties as well as young doctors before specialization.

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Silvia Danková - Lucia Dimunová - Beáta Grešš Halász - Jana Sušinková

The present multimedia university textbook is intended for students of the bachelor's degree programme in nursing, not excluding both medical and nursing degree courses.

The purpose of the present publication is to provide a comprehensive view of the nature of surgical nursing, focusing on the method of providing nursing care - the nursing process. It comprehensively describes the individual steps of perioperative nursing care and the subsequent possible complications associated with surgical procedures. Documents the depth of knowledge and skills training in chronic wound care management issues. Respects the culture of patient and healthcare professional safety.

The college textbook uses e-learning methods in combination with traditional face-to-face education. Based on the latest resources, it respects the concept of health care delivery and professional training of nurses.

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Gabriela Štefková - Mária Zamboriová - Mária Sováriová Soósová - Renáta Shafout

We would like to introduce the study material/textbook Nursing Care Clinical Procedures I, which was developed to cover the curriculum of Nursing Care 1 for medical students. Clinical procedures are an essential component of nursing practice. The textbook contains four main chapters. Each chapter begins with a general explanation of the topic, followed by detailed method description of procedures to help students deliver high - quality care to patients. Some chapters also include appendi xes in order to pick up some special examples from clinical practice. The textbook strongly describes bandages because a carelessly or improperly applied bandage can cause discomfort to the patient, in many cases it may expose the wound to the danger of infection. To the best of wound knowledge, these procedures reflect currently accepted clinical practice and up-to-date information. The textbook can be easily integrated into an educational programme and can be used in the laboratory as well as in clinical practice. During the preparation of this textbook the information, facts, notes, publications, books and literature presented in the references section were also used. The publication include DVD, which is concentrated on applying bandages from head to lower extremity. DVD was developed in cooperation during IRES project. The student can also find additional information to study by following references. The reading level of Nursing Care Clinical Procedures I is designed to be comprehensible to as many students as possible, including those for whom Engl ish is a second language. We hope that this textbook will be useful to all readers. The authors take no personal responsibility for applying this information to a particular clinical practice
situation.

E-book

Erik Dosedla

A uterine scar is currently a significant medical problem. Uterine scars most commonly occur after a Cesarean section, which is one of the most frequent laparotomic surgeries (Yazicioglu et al., 2006). The frequency of Cesarean sections increased between 1990 and 2014 in the USA from 21.2% to 32.2% (Hamilton et al., 2015), in Great Britain from 12% to 26.2% (NHS Maternity Statistics - England, 2013-14: Summary Report, 2015), and in the Slovak Republic from 8.7% to 31% (Národné centrum zdravotníckych informácii, 2016).

After a Cesarean section (CS), there is a risk of abnormal healing of the uterotomic wound, which can result in the development of certain pathological conditions in consecutive pregnancies (uterine rupture, ectopic pregnancy in the Cesarean scar, placental disorders) (Seow et al., 2004; Oyelese and Smulian, 2006; Fitzpatrick et al., 2012). In addition, a defect in the Cesarean scar is associated with chronic dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and postmenstrual spotting (Wang et al., 2009; Bij de Vaate et al., 2011).

Ultrasound is a valuable examination method in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these pathological conditions.

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Libuša Tirpáková - Mária Sováriová Soósová a kol.

It is expected that nurses and professionals working in healthcare will be able to perform various specialized procedures, or assist with selected procedures, skillfully, confidently, and safely.

The university textbook of Nursing Techniques guides students through the most commonly performed nursing activities, reflecting the latest knowledge from the profession, evidence-based practice, and professional guidelines. A significant aspect of this publication is its emphasis on patient individuality and involvement in the planning and implementation of procedures, as well as the prevention of complications and the consistent performance of nursing interventions in accordance with the latest professional and scientific knowledge.

The textbook is divided into twelve chapters. In the introductory chapters, the authors address the organization of the nursing unit and infection control in healthcare facilities. Further chapters are devoted to patient assessment, especially vital functions, nutritional care, preparation and administration of various forms of medication, collection of biological material, care of urinary and bowel elimination, nurse assistance during punctures, wound care, and electrocardiographic examination.

The main aim is to address primarily nursing students, but also students of general and dental medicine and selected healthcare disciplines. We believe that both students and professionals will find in this textbook a guide and a practical assistant.

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Helena Mičková -  Jozef Židzik -  Mária Mareková - Marek Stupák - 

Peter Urban

Modelové otázky na prijímacie skúšky pre bakalárske štúdium sú určené záujemcom o bakalárske študijné programy na Univerzite Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Lekárskej fakulte. Publikácia obsahuje 500 otázok z biológie a 500 otázok z chémie, ktoré tvoria podklady písomných testov na prijímacie skúšky. Otázky na prijímacích skúškach však nemusia presne kopírovať modelové otázky. Testy z chémie a biológie pokrývajú tie okruhy učiva z predmetov biológia a chémia na slovenských gymnáziách, vedomosti z ktorých sú vyžadované od poslucháčov bakalárskych študijných smerov (napr. ošetrovateľstvo, fyzioterapia, verejné zdravotníctvo). Otázky z biológie a z chémie sú predkladané v dvoch samostatných celkoch. Odpovede na otázky sú riešené formou ponúkaných variantných odpovedí, obsahujúcich správne aj nesprávne možnosti. Správne odpovede sú vyznačené v kľúči na konci publikácie.

Príklady z chémie tvoria zvláštnu časť, v ktorej nie sú ponúkané variantné odpovede. Pre lepšiu kontrolu správnosti výpočtu je v zátvorke uvedený jeden správny výsledok (z viacerých možných – líšiacich sa napr. v jednotkách – gramy, miligramy, móly). Autori publikácie sa snažili minimalizovať možné chyby v texte a vyhnúť sa nejednoznačným formuláciám otázok a odpovedí. Modelové otázky sú okrem prípravy na prijímacie skúšky na UPJŠ LF v Košiciach vhodné aj na zopakovanie gymnaziálneho učiva z biológie a chémie pred maturitnou skúškou.

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Mária Sováriová Soósová, Renáta Suchanová, Libuša Tirpáková

Predkladaná vysokoškolská učebnica prináša poznatky z oblasti ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti u pacientov s ochoreniami srdcovo-cievneho systému. Je určená pre poslucháčov odboru ošetrovateľstvo v rámci pregraduálneho a postgraduálneho vzdelávania, sestrám pracujúcim v tejto oblasti, ako aj ďalším odborníkom z nelekárskych vedných disciplín, ktorí sa zaoberajú starostlivosťou o pacientov s kardio-vaskulárnymi chorobami.

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Alžbeta Blichárová a kolektív 

„Patológia 1. časť (zimný semester) - Praktické cvičenia pre študentov všeobecného lekárstva“ je prvou časťou vysokoškolskej učebnice predstavujúcou prvú polovicu výučby (zimný semester). V tejto časti je popísaných 70 diagnóz, kde každej je venovaná jedna strana. V popise je uvedené poradové číslo zhodujúce sa s číslom preparátu a názov danej diagnózy. Študent sa pri každom preparáte oboznámi so základnými informáciami o danej chorobe, jej makroskopickým a mikroskopickým obrazom. Navyše je vytvorené miesto, v ktorom si študent môže zaznačiť (nakresliť) charakteristický mikroskopický obraz danej choroby. Preparáty v tejto učebnici sú zamerané na všeobecnú patológiu – regresívne a progresívne zmeny, pigmentáciu, hojenie, zápaly a nádory.

Tým, že učebnica umožňuje preparáty zakresľovať, vytvára študentom priestor pre trvalejšie zapamätanie si danej problematiky. Je vynikajúcim zdrojom pre prípravu študentov na kolokvium a ústnu skúšku.

Ingrid Hodorová a kolektív

                Vysokoškolská učebnica „Ultrasonografická anatómia 1“ je určená predovšetkým študentom lekárskych fakúlt. Publikácia dopĺňa medzeru na medicínskom literárnom trhu, na ktorom takýto druh literatúry doteraz absentuje. V učebnici sa čitateľ oboznámi s koreláciou anatomického a ultrasonografického obrazu orgánov a štruktúr za fyziologického stavu. Táto korelácia poukazuje na úzke prepojenie teoretického predmetu anatómia s klinickou praxou s ultrasonografickým vyšetrením, ktoré je dnes neoddeliteľnou súčasťou základných vyšetrovacích metód v mnohých medicínskych odboroch.

                Učebnica pozostáva z anatomickej časti, ktorá sa venuje základnému anatomickému popisu jednotlivých orgánov brucha a panvy. Nosnou časťou učebnice je sonografická časť, ktorá popisuje a charakterizuje jednotlivé ultrasonografické snímky. Čitateľ môže priamo porovnať vzhľad a prípadné rozdiely orgánov a štruktúr získaných dvomi úplne odlišnými zobrazeniami.

                Veríme, že nová vysokoškolská učebnica splní očakávania študentov, ako aj všetkých tých, pre ktorých je oblasť ultrasonografického zobrazenia z pohľadu anatóma predmetom záujmu – bude tak prospešná nielen pre anatómov, ale aj pre začínajúcich sonografistov.

E-book

Jaroslava Kopčáková

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Daniela Husárová

There is still little complete information about the system of care for adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems, especially in Slovakia.

Therefore, the main aim of this publication is to summarize and present current findings of the Care4Youth project, not only about the system, but also about the role of particular actors involved in the care of these adolescents, including family, professionals and schools.

In the chapters, we take a closer look at the cooperation of all involved actors and, from the point of view of care providers from different types of institutions, we will describe all barriers that negatively affect adequate and effective help as well as suggestions how the identified barriers could be eliminated.

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Dominika Jarčušková

The script deals with the issue of harmful alcohol use and its consequences on individuals’ cognitive abilities. The first part is devoted to the diagnosis of dependence syndrome and the assessment of risky drinking according to internationally recognized classifications (ICD, DSM). The following chapters explain the concept of cognition and its main components. Attention is also given to changes in cognitive functions during long-term alcohol abuse. The reader is introduced to the anatomical changes in the brain caused by alcohol. Damage to white matter and disorders of neurotransmission are described. Special focus is placed on diagnoses associated with alcohol use, such as Korsakoff syndrome, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, demyelinating disorders, and hepatic encephalopathy. Attention is also paid to the possibilities of diagnosing cognitive dysfunction. General screening tests such as MMSE or MoCA are presented. More specific tools, such as PHES or BEARNI, are described in greater detail. The script also points out the possibilities of pharmacological treatment. Non-pharmacological approaches, including cognitive remediation therapy and computer-based training, are also discussed. The conclusion is devoted to modern neuromodulation methods, in particular transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation. This university textbook is primarily intended for students of medicine, psychology, and related health sciences.

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Jozef Kafka

Behavior, in the slovak language expressed as an intention, belongs to basic mental processes of every individual. In this work I consider it as the basic component of an individual having two sides, outer- and inner side. I present it in the scheme No. 2.

The problem of behavior can not be fully covered, although there is a lot of writing, discussing and experimenting by ancient time.

The work may offer only few comments, approaching maily disorders of behavior. I present the original explanation of these disorders, dividing them on primary and derived ones. Primary disorders create the core of the disorder, derived disorders create a component of other disorders.

My classification of primary disorders is as follows:

1. age dependent disorders of behavior
2. disorders in the dynamical structure and in phases of behavior
3. integrative disorders of behavior, disorders of the will, which is the sign of the developed behavior of the individual.

The work is addresses to everone who is interested in his/her owm behavior, but especially for the Medical faculty and psychiatrists, for students of all our faculties.

Author 

Mária Mareková a kol. 

Medical biochemistry is integral parts of basic theoretic knowledge of contemporary graduate at medical faculties. This textbook intends to help the undergraduate students of study branches General Medicine and Dental Medicine for the course of “Medical Biochemistry”. It is structured into 10 chapters concerning several topics: enzymology, cells membrane, metabolism, biochemistry of blood and organs, as well as some parts of clinical biochemistry.

The theoretical knowledge of this subject, which student obtains in the lectures, is verified in laboratory practices and is expanded in seminaries. Our selection of topics makes the text especially appropriate for medical students and managing of problems gives the students satisfactory ground for effective study of medical biochemistry and other related study subjects (e.g. clinical biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology) in the sense of comprehension of relative continuity and interdependence of biochemical process or their function respectively.

Since the textbook brings only the skeleton survey on the biochemical problematic concerning medicine, students should broaden presented facts by additional study from lectures and/or from other sources. We expect this study literature to serve as a basic study material for mentioned medical study branches for preparation to written part of exam from “Medical Biochemistry”.

Authors