Medzinárodné právo súkromné

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Dominika Becková (ed.)

Proceedings of Contributions from the XIII. Year of the Student Symposium on International and European Law held on March 6, 2020, at the Faculty of Law of UPJŠ in Košice

The Student Symposium on International and European Law has its traditional place in the calendar of events at the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice. In the academic year 2019/2020, the Institute of International Law and European Law decided to continue this tradition and offer students an opportunity to present their professional opinions on selected topics and problematic issues of international and European law.

The XIII. edition of the student symposium continued from its previous year and once again focused students' attention on the institutions of international and European law depicted in films. The films processed by the participants of the symposium offer a wide range of institutions of international and European law.

In their contributions, participants addressed issues related to diplomatic law, terrorism, armed conflicts, the use of robots, environmental protection, and questions regarding the legal regime of outer space.

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Ján Klučka et al.

The aim of the current monograph is to provide comprehensive view of the status of regional judicial organs in current conditions of regionalism. Based on selected issues examined in individual chapters research team presents the comprehensive study focused on clarification of the status and significance of regional judicial organs in terms of new regionalism.

Research of the role of regional courts in the system of peaceful settlement of disputes demonstrates the significant role of the regional courts within the promotion of the rule of law, regional integration and also significant role of regional courts to ensure legal certainty within the system of compliance with decisions of regional courts. The result of examination of possibilities of individuals to access to regional judicial organs is comparative evaluation of regional possibilities of individual to defend his/her rights within regional courts of various regions. Particular part of this area is the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial as basic rights within the proceedings of regional judicial organs. Within the examination of preliminary rulings of international regional courts of different regions the role of regional judicial organs in the process of effective implementation of the principle of the rule of law was the subject of examination.

For the proper functioning of the regional judicial organs as well as independence of judges and legal certainty in International law, the ethical rules of international judicial organs and tribunals, which are the subject of the last chapter, are significant.

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Dominik Šoltys

The scientific monograph The H(andb)ook of Legal Feminism: The Concept, Nature, Features, Development and Forms of Legal Feminism presents for the first time the issue of legal feminism in Slovak jurisprudence in such a comprehensive way. Author analyzes legal feminism as a distinctive movement of legal philosophy and legal theory. He places legal feminism in the broader framework of general feminism.

The internal ideological and developmental diversity of legal feminism brings the author´s examinations before the effort to systematize according to ideological and theoretical similarities or differences with emphasize to the development of feminism in different waves. In this regarding, author presents various forms of feminism and legal feminism, including their most important representatives. The increased view of the monograph deals with contemporary Anglo-American feminism since the end of the 1960s till the present, i.e., the period from which legal feminism emerged as a conceptual and critical movement of legal thinking.

Author analyzes the critical view of legal feminism on law and current legal policy. He specifies abstract and basic theoretical features of the feminist jurisprudence. In this regard, the author pays attention to important concepts, categories, ideological assumptions, or methodological and methodological frame of feminist legal science. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the development of diverse forms of legal feminism the monograph also focuses on the normative side of feminist theory of law, which challenges the modern jurisprudence in elimination of gender and gender as legally relevant criteria.

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Radomír Jakab - Tibor Seman - Lukáš Jančát

The concept of a transterritorial administrative act is relatively new in administrative law, especially in the conditions of the Slovak Republic. It has practical applicability to the application of European Union law (including international law). Its essence lies in the fact that the effects of such an administrative act issued within one Member State exceed the territory of that Member State, have effects in other Member States, in all Member States of the European Union without being subject to the recognition process.

The purpose of the monograph is to present outputs of the scientific examination of this type of administrative acts, the definition of its characteristics and its effects, the examination of the possibilities of procedural defense against its effects by the State concerned, and possibly the possibility of unifying the action of the Member States of the European Union in case of procedural defense against the effects of transterritorial administrative acts. The monograph also contains analysis of certain types of transterrritorial administrative acts that are commonly used in the conditions of the European union and Slovak republic; they are also categorized under specific criteria.,

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Dominika Zavadová(ed.)

Proceedings from the 3rd Student Symposium on Commercial Law

In November 2015, the third annual Student Symposium on Commercial Law took place at the university facility in Danišovce.

After two years of symposia focused on company law, the main topic of the third edition was the general part of commercial obligations law. This year as well, the goal of the student symposium remained to provide more space for students to formulate their own perspectives on current legal issues and to present the results of their own work.

The overarching topic made it possible to assign several current issues, allowing students to tackle problems they are likely to encounter in their future practice. The selected topics are not among those unanimously accepted by legal doctrine or established case law. On the contrary, the topics were deliberately chosen for the lack of sufficient domestic literary sources. As a result, processing the individual topics required more than just standard textbook or commentary knowledge.

The participating members of the department, both teachers and doctoral candidates, acted this year primarily as contact persons, rather than as consultants or supervisors of the students’ work. The primary purpose of the symposium at the faculty is to enable students interested in commercial law to develop their analytical and argumentative skills, as well as to express their personalities. We aim for students to develop not only professional knowledge but also personal skills-so-called soft skills-the art of presenting their own opinions and arguing persuasively.

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Juraj Panigaj (ed.)

Collection of Contributions from the XVth Student Symposium on International Law and European Law, held on April 22, 2022, in a hybrid format, with the participation of students from the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and the Faculty of Law of Trnava University in Trnava.

The jubilee XV. year of student symposium from international and European law took place at the University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, faculty of law, on April 22, 2022, symbolically on Day Earth. This year's event was dedicated to the increasingly pressing issue of environmental protection. The topic "Green ambitions in the light of European and international law" appealed to many students, resulting in several interesting contributions, falling under both European Union law and international law. European law currently brings great challenges, but also expectations through the European Green Deal. This is also why several student contributions dealt with topics falling under the European Green Deal, either from the point of view of its individual initiatives in general, or more specifically, in the intentions of Agenda 2030, or the implementation of the so-called green diplomacy.

The other part of contributions dealt with environmental protection within international law. Students addressed issues of an environmental nature in the areas of climate change, international maritime law, atmospheric protection, or the issue of so-called climate refugees. The publication itself is an output of the APVV project APVV-20-0576 "Green ambitions for sustainable development (European Green Deal in the context of international and national law)".

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Miroslav Štrkolec   Anna Vartašová Tímea Jančiová

This proceedings of scientific papers presents papers from the international scientific conference of the same name, which took place from 24 to 26 September 2025 at the UPJŠ in Košice and was supported by the projects APVV-23-0158 "Reform of the Customs Union in the Era of Electronic Commerce in the Slovak Republic" and VEGA 1/0698/25 "Development Fee as a Tool for the Development of Municipalities and Cities in the Slovak Republic". Individual papers are aimed at addressing current issues of tax law, budgetary law and financial market law in the context of the challenges of the ongoing multi-crisis (starting with the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine, the extreme increase in energy and other supplies costs or inflation, and the subsequent need for consolidation of public finances). The papers are divided into two parts, where in the first part, indivídua! authors focus on national reports - a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of the aforementioned multi-crisis in individual V4 countries - in the areas of taxes, budgets and financial markets, and in the second part, individua! Authors focus on more specific issues in the aforementioned three thematic areas.

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Daniela Lamačková-Renáta Orosová- Beáta Sakalová- Diana Repiščáková

Methodological guide for teachers for classroom lessons and civics Teaching law experientially? Is it even possible? The answers to these questions are provided by a methodological guide that uniquely links experiential learning methods with legal content. This methodological guide is a set of techniques based on the use of interactive and participatory learning methods, focusing on selected human rights and value-oriented topics, which also have the potential to develop other key competences of students, such as their communication skills, their ability to learn and educate independently, their ability to think critically, their ability to work with and analyse texts, their ability to discuss and express their opinions, and their ability to listen to each other. The methodological guide consists of a set of training activities - techniques, while each technique contains a precise description of the procedure for conducting a specific activity, the expected duration of the activity, aids, discussion topics and also a short pedagogical and legal commentary, precisely "tailored" to the specific legal topic. The legal topics are chosen to be generally applicable to both classroom and civics lessons, to raise questions about the functioning of rules and the need to respect them, mutual respect and tolerance, and to encourage reflection on the limits of individual rights and on responsibility in exercising one's rights. The techniques use training methods such as group work, brainstorming, role-playing, dealing with model situations, as well as a simulated court process. The methodological guide is intended for classroom teachers in the implementation of classroom lessons, and also for the purposes of the subject of civics, as well as for students of pedagogy at the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

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Dominika Becková (ed.)

This Liber Amicorum presents a collection of contributions in Honour of Professor Ján Klučka. This Liber Amicorum was written by his colleagues from universities, collaborators from the judiciary, former colleagues from the Constitutional Court of the Slovak republic and the Court of Justice of the European Union, current colleagues from the Faculty of Law and his former PhD. students. Their contributions elaborate the knowledge their gained from the work they conducted together with Professor Ján Klučka and are interspersed with references to memories associated with Professor Ján Klučka.

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Lucia Bakošová (ed.)

Proceedings from the XII Student Symposium on International and European Law held on March 29, 2019, in Košice

The primary goal of films or TV series is typically not to educate their audience. However, contemporary cinematography includes a significant number of works that present issues related to international and European law to both professional and general audiences.

For this reason, the Institute of International and European Law at the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice organized the XII Student Symposium on International and European Law titled "International and European Law in Cinematography," under the auspices of Professor JUDr. Ján Klučka, CSc.

The main objective of the symposium was to popularize international and European law among students through films or series. The films analyzed during the symposium could be divided into two categories: those dramatizing real events and those creating fictional scenarios incorporating aspects of international or European law. Most contributions focused on films depicting real events, such as the genocide in Rwanda in the 1990s, the Nuremberg Trials, the occupation of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, or the legal dispute between the heir of the painting Woman in Gold and Austria. On the other hand, works like the series MASH* were also discussed; while not based on real events, it uses its narrative to portray the lives of medical personnel in a military field hospital during the Korean War.

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Jana Žuľová (ed.)

Collection of Scientific Works

Article 35 of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic guarantees everyone the right to freely choose their profession and receive training for it, as well as the right to engage in entrepreneurial or other gainful activity. Everyone has the right to freely decide whether to secure their livelihood through self-employment—with all the associated consequences and risks—or through employment within labor-law relationships by performing dependent work.

The framework and rules for exercising these rights are primarily regulated by labor, commercial, and tax legislation, each with its own set of rights and obligations applicable specifically to entrepreneurs and employees. Constant competitive pressure, along with the effects of economic crises, pushes employers to seek ways to extract the most from workers while optimizing for the lowest possible insurance, administrative, and tax costs. As a result, employment contracts are being terminated, and under the pressure of losing their income, individuals are "voluntarily" shifting to commercial-law relationships.

This situation, along with other distortions in the labor market, confronts those entitled to work with unfair practices by employers, thereby undermining their ability to freely exercise this fundamental right.

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Ľudmila Elbert

The presented scientific monograph addresses the issue of the Rule of Law and its place, roles, and particularities at the level of international law. The Rule of Law is understood as a value that should govern communities, both domestic and international. It is thus compared to Kelsen’s basic norm, which should stand at the top of the legal order as the norm justifying the validity and existence of the norms of the legal order, both domestic and international.

Although the Rule of Law is studied at the international law level, it cannot be considered without understanding the Rule of Law in domestic law. Just as its development differs depending on whether it evolved within Anglo-American or continental law, its application and development also differ between domestic law and international law.

These differences are mainly caused by the roles and objectives that international Rule of Law is meant to secure, as well as by the distinct characteristics of domestic and international law.

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Dominika Marčoková Becková (ed.)

Reviewed collection of papers of the international scientific conference is the output of the international scientific conference held on 7th October 2022 within the framework of the project APVV-18-0421 „European Public Prosecutor's Office in Connections of the Constitutional Order of the Slovak Republic as Strengthening of the European Integration through Law“.

Unlike other areas of activities of the European Union, the European Union did not begin to enter the area of criminal law and criminal policy until much later. The reason is that the sphere of criminal law has traditionally been associated with the sovereignty of the state, which is why the Member States of the European Union are very slow to allow the European Union into it. The issue of the European Union's influence on the criminal law of its Member States is therefore becoming actual and raises many questions and application problems. In their papers, the authors address the various problems posed by the European Union's influence in the area of criminal law. Among the scientific problems and issues that the authors paid attention to in their works are the following: reasons for competence of the European Union within the field of criminal law; Impact of the EU legislation on criminal law of EU Member States; proposals to improve existing legislation, whether at European Union or national level, cooperation of the Court of Justice of the European Union and national judges via preliminary proceedings within the field of criminal law; as well as the issue of the European Public Prosecutor's Office.

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Adrián Popovič - Jozef Sábo - Anna Vartašová (eds.)

The International Scientific Conference on the topic Condition and perspectives of public finances in the EU was held 2nd – 3rd June 2022in Košice focused on the topics of the EU Budget and Real Estate in taxation. On this occasion, a student symposium on the topic: "Condition and perspectives of financial law and tax law" was organized for students of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Faculty of Law in Košice on 1st June 2022. The focus of the symposium was chosen due to the content of the grant project VEGA no. 1/0485/21: „Simultaneity and possibilities of reforming the system of own resources of the EU budget (legal and economic aspects also in the context of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic)“, of the grant project VEGA no. 1/0214/21: „Taxation of real property – legal status and potential“ and of the grant project APVV-19-0124 entitled "Tax law and new phenomena in the economy (digital services, shared economy, virtual currencies)", which are currently being addressed at the Department of Financial Law, Tax Law and Economy, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice.

The output of this symposium is a reviewed proceeding of papers, in which students focus on examining the current challenges of financial law and tax law. In this context, students examine not only the issue of current challenges in the field of real estate tax and the introduction of taxation based on their market value of real estate and the institute of remedies in tax procedural law, but also the current issue of EU budget law with a focus on the revenue side of the EU budget.

The authors also assess in detail the current situation in the research area, and they also present de lege ferenda proposals that could contribute to the development and improvement of several aspects of taxation, which is a benefit not only for legal science but also for application practice.

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Adam Giertl - Ľubica Gregová Širicová (eds.)

Proceedings from the 5th Student Symposium held on April 21-22, 2013

The French delegate to the Commission on Human Rights, while discussing the inclusion of the term "media" in the article on freedom of expression in the draft of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, wisely urged other members of the commission to be forward-looking regarding the information media of the future.

The discussion took place in 1950, when delegates could not yet foresee the impact of the internet on social relations. Given that it is now clear that information technologies significantly influence law, including international law, the organizers of the student symposium decided to dedicate its sixth edition to the theme "Information Society and International Law."

Students of the Faculty of Law, after registering for the symposium, first focused on preparing their contributions, with each participant having access to a consultant if needed. This year, the list of consultants, in addition to members of the Institute of European Law and the Department of International Law, was expanded to include an expert in intellectual property law, Mgr. Martin Husovec, a graduate of our Faculty of Law and currently an IMPRS-CI doctoral student at the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law. We also take this opportunity to thank him for dedicating his time to the students and providing them with valuable advice in preparing their contributions. After the preparatory phase, the symposium itself took place, with the aim of presenting the prepared contributions and discussing them.

The presented contributions reflected a wide range of intersections between international law and the information society.

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Erik Štenpien

The presented monograph is dedicated to the reforms of local administration in the middle of the 19th century, which led to the introduction of municipalism - the nationalization of local administration. The work is primarily devoted to the analysis of the differences between legal articles 42/1870 and 21/1884, the second of which has so far been considered by Slovak legal historians as an amendment. I will explain the differences in the text of both standards, as well as by pointing out the practice of applying both standards in local practice in Abov and Turňa, the legal article 21/1884 is applicable, it is recoded and after the thresholds of the Czechoslovakia it was received as an obligation of the local sparva in Slovakia and is valid even in the time of Conclusion The Trianon peace treaty.

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