Učíme právo zážitkovo

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Dominika Cukerová - Andrej Oriňak - Kateřina Hrabánková (eds.)

The proceedings offers contributions from the international scientific conference of doctoral students and young researchers held on 25 April 2024 at the Faculty of Law, UPJŠ in Košice, which was thematically oriented on Innovative Law and Innovations in Law. The authors of the papers confirmed that innovation in law can take many forms. The first part of the papers, which pays attention to how law can respond to innovations, is a manifestation of this. These are the papers by Jana Cihanová, Andrej Oriňák, Denisa Rudžiková and Matej Biroš, who presented the use of deepfake technology, artificial intelligence and software tools in legal practice in the context of their legal regulation. Looking at familiar things differently can also be a source of innovation. In this vein, Dominik Mizerski, Juraj Valentovič, Lucián Török and Kateřina Hrabánková presented interpretive and application innovations in the field of private law. The third part of the papers by Michaela Szittyaiová, Natália Priateľová, Filip Baláži, Elena Lazoríková and Laura Gazdagová offers a preview of the innovations that the public law section is facing today. Finally, the fourth and last group of papers specifically explains innovations against the background of criminal law regulation. These are contributions by Michal Novák, Miroslav Srholec, Vladimír Petrila and Martina Makaturová. The variety of topics covered in this proceedings shows that each area of legal regulation can be characterised by specific innovations and, in this context, by the dynamics with which they permeate legal regulation.

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Ján Klučka a kol.

The aim of the current monograph is to provide comprehensive view of the status of regional judicial organs in current conditions of regionalism. Based on selected issues examined in individual chapters research team presents the comprehensive study focused on clarification of the status and significance of regional judicial organs in terms of new regionalism. Research of the role of regional courts in the system of peaceful settlement of disputes demonstrates the significant role of the regional courts within the promotion of the rule of law, regional integration and also significant role of regional courts to ensure legal certainty within the system of compliance with decisions of regional courts. The result of examination of possibilities of individuals to access to regional judicial organs is comparative evaluation of regional possibilities of individual to defend his/her rights within regional courts of various regions. Particular part of this area is the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial as basic rights within the proceedings of regional judicial organs. Within the examination of preliminary rulings of international regional courts of different regions the role of regional judicial organs in the process of effective implementation of the principle of the rule of law was the subject of examination. For the proper functioning of the regional judicial organs as well as independence of judges and legal certainty in International law, the ethical rules of international judicial organs and tribunals, which are the subject of the last chapter, are significant.

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Valéria Ružičková (ed.)

Proceedings of the XIVth Student Symposium on International Law and European Law.

For the XIV Year of Student Symposium on International Law and European Law under the topic „Artificial Intelligence from the Perspective of Law“, students of the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Science prepared several papers regarding current questions related to the ongoing development of the artificial intelligence. From the legal point of view, the papers regard the importance of the artificial intelligence in human activities in space, its impact on fundamental rights, development of new human rights in relation to its application in healthcare and nursing care as well as personal data protection while making use of the artificial intelligence.

Apart from the papers concerning the artificial intelligence from the legal perspective, two of the papers regard the artificial intelligence from the scientific perspective, explaining the importance of the artificial intelligence in localization in indoor environment as well as its importance in prediction of healthcare costs.

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Milena Barinková (ed.)

Komplex právnych noriem ochrany práce, sledujúcich zaistenie bezpečnosti a ochrany zdravia pri práci je rozsahom veľmi široký, presahujúci hranice Zákonníka práce v celom rade ďalších osobitných právnych predpisov zákonmi počnúc, kolektívnymi zmluvami a vykonávacími právnymi predpismi pokračujúc a vnútropodnikovými normatívnymi aktami končiac. Ochrana zdravia zamestnancov pri práci pred rizikovými vplyvmi pracovného prostredia je ústrednou požiadavkou, z ktorej vychádzajú základné ľudské práva garantované Ústavou Slovenskej republiky a v záujme jej univerzálneho zabezpečenia vo všetkých zamestnávateľských subjektoch súkromného i verejného sektora je jej prísna regulácia kogentnými normami plne opodstatnená. Oznámenie Komisie Európskemu parlamentu, Rade, Európskemu hospodárskemu a sociálnemu výboru a Výboru regiónov o strategickom rámci EÚ v oblasti ochrany zdravia a bezpečnosti pri práci na obdobie rokov 2014 – 2020 (COM (2014) 332 final) reaguje na potrebu zohľadnenia zmien na trhu práce vyplývajúcich z demografického vývoja, starnutia pracovnej populácie a technologického vývoja.

Požiadavky na pracovné tempo sa znásobujú, novým technológiám a zmenám v organizácii práce a v štruktúre pracovných miest sa musia prispôsobiť všetky vekové kategórie zamestnancov. S tým stúpajú i nároky na zdravotnú spôsobilosť ľudí, ktorú je potrebné si udržať počas celej profesijnej kariéry. Imanentnou súčasťou požiadaviek na zabezpečenie zdravotnej spôsobilosti je i spôsobilosť v rovine duševného zdravia, ktorého kvalite nie je špecificky venovaná osobitná pozornosť. Práve pri ochrane duševného zdravia zohráva významnú úlohu prevencia.

Všetky preventívne opatrenia prijímané zamestnávateľmi na pracoviskách je možno uplatniť až vtedy, keď poznáme a identifikujeme riziká ohrozujúce duševné zdravie zamestnancov. Sú všetky preventívne opatrenia dostatočné? Prijímajú sa vôbec také, ktoré by sledovali zachovanie nielen fyzickej zdravotnej spôsobilosti, ale aj psychického zdravia?

Vedecké študentské sympózium konané v dňoch 6. a 7. apríla 2018 v učebno-výcvikovom zariadení v Danišovciach bolo plánovanou súčasťou riešenia výskumného projektu APVV-16-0002 „Duševné zdravie na pracovisku a posudzovanie zdravotnej spôsobilosti zamestnanca“. Zborník publikovaných výstupov je rovnako podporený finančnou pomocou Agentúry pre výskum a vývoj SR.

III. ročník študentského sympózia z pracovného práva bol platformou, na ktorej mohli vysokoškolskí učitelia katedry pracovného práva a práva sociálneho zabezpečenia Univezity P. J. Šafárika, Právnickej fakulty v Košiciach spolu so študentmi diskutovať o aktuálnych otázkach ochrany a zachovania zdravia zamestnancov, a kde študenti prezentovali svoje príspevky z tejto oblasti. Pozornosť venovali všeobecným otázkam bezpečnosti a ochrany zdravia zamestnanca pri práci, skúmaniu fyzických a mentálnych aspektov zdravia z pohľadu práva na ochranu súkromia a práva na ochranu osobných údajov, vrátane prístupu súdnej praxe, posúdeniu pracovnoprávnej zodpovednosti zamestnávateľa za škodu na zdraví zamestnanca spôsobenú pôsobením nepriaznivých faktorov pracovného prostredia či nerovnakému zaobchádzaniu s osobami so zdravotným postihnutím. Zaujímavé boli názory študentov, na ktoré nadviazala obsahom bohatá diskusia všetkých zúčastnených.

Za tretí ročník sympózia patrí poďakovanie všetkým zúčastneným študentom a členom katedry pracovného práva a práva sociálneho zabezpečenia ktorí sa podieľali na jeho odbornom garantovaní a organizačnom zabezpečení.

Košice, máj 2018

doc. JUDr. Milena Barinková, CSc.

editorka

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Adrián Popovič  - Jozef Sábo

Reviewed proceedings from the student symposium organized on the occasion of IV. Slovak-Czech days of tax law.

The International Scientific Conference IV. Slovak-Czech days of tax law was held 16th - 18th June 2021 in Košice (Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice). On this occasion, a student symposium on the topic: "Current Challenges of Tax Law" was organized for students of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University Faculty of Law in Košice on 15th June 2021. The focus of the symposium was chosen due to the content of the grant project APVV-19-0124 entitled "Tax law and new phenomena in the economy (digital services, shared economy, virtual currencies)", which is currently being addressed at the Department of Financial Law, Tax Law and Economy, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice. The output of this symposium is a reviewed proceeding of papers, in which students focus on examining the current challenges of tax law. In this context, students examine not only the current challenges in the field of real estate tax and the introduction of taxation based on their market value of real estate, the decision-making of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of direct taxation and indirect taxation, but also new and extremely current taxation issues of cryptoactive (virtual currency) taxation, not only in the Slovak Republic but also in the world. The authors also assess in detail the current situation in the research area, and they also present de lege ferenda proposals that could contribute to the development and improvement of several aspects of taxation, which is a benefit not only for legal science but also for application practice.

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Marcel Dolobáč - Ľuboš Dobrovič - Ivan Kundrát

Hypothesis, disposition, sanction. The standard tripartite structure of a legal norm, which is taught to first-year law students. Three concepts that students undoubtedly master from their perspective, yet they simultaneously challenge legal science, which repeatedly revisits them. The publication does not aim to theoretically address all aspects of the legal norm; it focuses solely on one of them, and as the title suggests, that is the sanction.

The monograph has been developed by three authors, whose contributions are equal; they engaged in debates and often could not reach a consensus. We hope that the reader will also join this debate and that the presented monograph will inspire further reflection and scientific activity.

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Adam Giertl (ed.)

Zborník príspevkov zo VII. ročníka študentského sympózia z medzinárodného práva konaného v dňoch 11. – 12. apríla 2014 v učebno-výcvikovom zariadení UPJŠ v Danišovciach

Napriek tomu je dnes lietanie a cestovanie do kozmu bežnou súčasťou ľudskej civilizácie. Aká je úloha práva v tomto procese? To je otázka, ktorú si položili organizátori VII. ročníka študentského sympózia z medzinárodného práva sledujúc ambíciu zhodnotiť prínos medzinárodného práva v oblasti letectva a kozmických letov najmä vo svetle aktuálneho vývoja. Jednotlivých tém sa zhostili študenti druhého, tretieho, ale aj vyšších ročníkov Právnickej fakulty UPJŠ v Košiciach. Výsledkom ich práce na zverených témach, ktoré mohli autori konzultovať s členmi Ústavu európskeho práva a oddelenia medzinárodného práva, je predkladané dielo. Zborník je tematicky rozdelený na dve časti. Prvá časť oboznámi čitateľa s vybranými témami súvisiacimi s leteckým právom a druhá časť je venovaná medzinárodnému kozmickému právu. Svojim zameraním má zborník aj širší dosah, keďže v niektorých aspektoch zapadá do širšieho kontextu výskumu, ktorý prebieha na Ústave európskeho práva a oddelení medzinárodného práva a ktorý sa zameriava na skúmanie vplyvu regionalizmu na všeobecné medzinárodné právo a vice versa. Túto problematiku odrážajú aj témy jednotlivých príspevkov.

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Dominika Zavadová(ed.)

Zborník z III. študentského sympózia z obchodného práva

V novembri 2015 sa v univerzitnom účelovom zariadení v Danišovciach uskutočnil už tretí ročník študentského sympózia z obchodného práva. Po dvoch rokoch sympózií zameraných na právo obchodných spoločností bola strešnou témou tretieho ročníka všeobecná časť obchodného záväzkového práva. Aj v tomto roku ostalo cieľom študentského sympózia vytvoriť väčší priestor formulovať vlastný pohľad na určitú aktuálnu právnu problematiku a prezentovať výsledky vlastnej práce.
Strešná problematika umožnila zadať viaceré aktuálne témy a študenti tak mohli spracovať problémy, s ktorými sa pravdepodobne budú boriť aj v budúcej praxi. Zvolené témy nepatria medzi témy jednohlasne vnímané právnou doktrínou, resp. ustálenou judikatúrou. Práve naopak, zámerne boli zvolené témy, o ktorých niet mnoho tuzemských literárnych zdrojov. Na spracovanie jednotlivých tém tak nepostačovali bežné učebnicové či komentárové znalosti.
Zapojení členovia katedry, tak z radov učiteľov, ako aj doktorandov, pôsobili aj v tomto roku skôr ako kontaktné osoby, než ako konzultanti či vedúci práce študentov.
Primárnym účelom sympózii na fakulte je umožniť študentom prejavujúcim záujem o obchodné právo rozvinúť analytické či argumentačné schopnosti, ale aj prejavenie osobnosti študenta. Chceme, aby poslucháči rozvíjali nielen odborné znalosti, ale aj osobné schopnosti, tzv. soft skills, umenie prezentovať vlastný názor a presvedčivo argumentovať.
Výsledky práce študentov môžete vidieť v tomto zborníku.
Nám ostáva dúfať, že aj iní poslucháči budú mať záujem prehĺbiť svoje poznatky a prezentovať výsledky vlastnej práce na nasledujúcich sympóziách. Veríme, že školské kurikulum sa už nadlho podarilo rozšíriť o ďalšie fakultatívne podujatie.

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Nándor Birher-Péter Tamás Bertalan

The document, titled "Vatican Diplomacy Around Trianon from a Hungarian Perspective," is a scholarly work that examines the geopolitical and ecclesiastical changes in East-Central Europe after the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, with a focus on the role of the Vatican. The book explores the interactions between the Vatican and the reshaped geopolitical landscape, emphasizing the influence of religious and ecclesiastical issues on international relations. The monograph posits that Central Europe is not merely a geographic or economic concept but a "spiritual kingdom" with a shared destiny shaped by interdependence and cultural achievements, despite its history of conflicts. Central Europe's rich intellectual and cultural heritage, deeply influenced by religious convictions and Vatican diplomacy, continues to impact the region's identity and unity. The book suggests that the lessons from the early 20th century, including the Trianon Peace Treaty and subsequent geopolitical shifts, are still relevant in understanding the contemporary political and cultural dynamics of Central Europe. The authors encourage readers to reflect on the past and consider how historical events and decisions have shaped present-day Central Europe. The book aims to provide insights into the region's complex history and its ongoing struggle to find its place in the broader European and global context.

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Juraj Panigaj (ed.)

Collection of Contributions from the XVth Student Symposium on International Law and European Law, held on April 22, 2022, in a hybrid format, with the participation of students from the Faculty of Law of Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice and the Faculty of Law of Trnava University in Trnava.

The jubilee XV. year of student symposium from international and European law took place at the University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik, faculty of law, on April 22, 2022, symbolically on Day Earth. This year's event was dedicated to the increasingly pressing issue of environmental protection. The topic "Green ambitions in the light of European and international law" appealed to many students, resulting in several interesting contributions, falling under both European Union law and international law. European law currently brings great challenges, but also expectations through the European Green Deal. This is also why several student contributions dealt with topics falling under the European Green Deal, either from the point of view of its individual initiatives in general, or more specifically, in the intentions of Agenda 2030, or the implementation of the so-called green diplomacy.

The other part of contributions dealt with environmental protection within international law. Students addressed issues of an environmental nature in the areas of climate change, international maritime law, atmospheric protection, or the issue of so-called climate refugees. The publication itself is an output of the APVV project APVV-20-0576 "Green ambitions for sustainable development (European Green Deal in the context of international and national law)".

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Péter Miskolczi Bodnár

This monograph examines when the state has the right to intervene in the legal relationship between contracting parties, and if it is possible, when it can act as a legislator and/or a law applier and what the nature of the intervention may be. In this study, the limits related to the rights and obligations of the parties are scrutinized. The monograph delineates the theoretical frameworks of state intervention. The author distinguishes the forms of intervention concerning future contracts and those already concluded. The study lists the circumstances grounding the mandatory norms concerning future contracts with the presentation of Roman law. In the context of state influence on the content of contracts already concluded, judicial decisions play a stronger role than legislation and government measures also appear. The monograph presents the legislative measures affecting the contracts already concluded and the reasons thereof in a differentiated way, divided into different periods. In the author's view, World War I and especially the subsequent Treaty of Trianon brought a significant change in the assessment of state intervention, and therefore, he devotes special attention to the examination of this period. The monograph provides an outline of overview of the international tendencies of the period from the peace treaty to the present day. The study presents the era of Hungarian legislation being prone to make mandatory rules and delineates the relevant provisions of the applicable Hungarian law. At the end of the monograph the reader can find the author’s evaluative comments. While acknowledging the positive aspects of state involvement, attention should also be paid to the dangers of excessive state intervention in Eastern Europe.

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Lukáš Michaľov - Katarína Koromházová (eds.)

The Collection of scientific contributions "Privatization of public law versus publicity of private law" is an output of the International scientific conference of Phd. students and scientific researchers organized by the Department of Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University.

The collection contains contributions focused on the issues of the intersection of private and public law, specifically on the privatization of public law and publicity of private law. This is a highly important topic, because the elements of privatization can be found across the entire public law, not only in the field of criminal law, but also in other legal branches of public law.Recently, there have been significant elements of publicity of private law, especially commercial or civil law. Therefore, we consider the topic of the conference and the title of the collection to be appropriately chosen and up to date without any significant limits in scientific research. The participants of theInternational scientific conference in their contributions also focused on de lege ferenda considerations and offer a new perspective on the formation of public or private law.

The aim of the published Collection of scientific contributions isto continue in improving and developing new knowledge of the public law in the field of its privatization and private law in the field of its publicity.

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Peter Huba - Jozef Sábo - Martin Štrkolec

Predkladaná monografia si za svoj cieľ kladie priblížiť problematiku medzinárodných daňových únikov ako po stránke jej pojmových východísk, tak aj z hľadiska konkrétnych metód a schém realizácie daňových únikov Členovia autorského kolektívu sa otázkami daňových únikov zaoberali taktiež vo svojich prácach Medzinárodné daňové úniky a daňové raje (JUDr. Jozef Sábo) a Právne aspekty zamedzenia dvojitého zdanenia a zabránenia daňovým únikom (JUDr. Peter Huba). Táto monografia predstavuje syntézu predmetnej výskumnej činnosti členov autorského kolektívu preĺbenú o interdisicplinárny rozmer problému daňových únikov. Zároveň poukazeje na tie nedostatky, ktoré sa javia byť z pohľadu rizika medzinárodných daňových únikov a erózie základu dane na Slovensku najzávažnejšie. V tomto smere sa predkladá komparatívny pohľad na uvedenú problematiku, ktorý vo veľkej miere čerpá zo zdrojov americkej proveniencie, čo je spôsobené najmä kvalitným a dlhodobým výskumom v oblasti medzinárodných daňových únikov v USA.

Autorský kolektív verí, že aj prostredníctvom tejto monografie sa podarí priblížiť problematiku daňových únikov na dani z príjmov právnických osôb a táto získa rovnocennú pozornosť odbornej verejnosti popri daňových podvodoch na dani z pridanej hodnoty a iných vypuklých problémoch súčasnej daňovej legislatívy.

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Dominika Becková • Adam Giertl (eds.)

Collection of Papers of PhD. students and young researchers

Institute of International Law and European Law offered a place to PhD. students and young researchers to publish scientific outputs of their research. Submited collection of scientific contributions is the result of that initiative. Papers deal with the implementation of international law and law of the EU into the domestic legal system. Thematically is the collection of contributions divided into several parts, that are dedicated to contributions dealing with the issues of legal theory and international and european law. Contributions are addressing issues of human rights protection, they aim to the roles of international and supranational judiciary, environment, criminal and public law. Collection of contributions includes also chosen problems of private law and it also dedicates space for contributions focused on foreign investments.

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Dominik Šoltys

The scientific monograph The H(andb)ook of Legal Feminism: The Concept, Nature, Features, Development and Forms of Legal Feminism presents for the first time the issue of legal feminism in Slovak jurisprudence in such a comprehensive way. Author analyzes legal feminism as a distinctive movement of legal philosophy and legal theory. He places legal feminism in the broader framework of general feminism. The internal ideological and developmental diversity of legal feminism brings the author´s examinations before the effort to systematize according to ideological and theoretical similarities or differences with emphasize to the development of feminism in different waves. In this regarding, author presents various forms of feminism and legal feminism, including their most important representatives. The increased view of the monograph deals with contemporary Anglo-American feminism since the end of the 1960s till the present, i.e., the period from which legal feminism emerged as a conceptual and critical movement of legal thinking. Author analyzes the critical view of legal feminism on law and current legal policy. He specifies abstract and basic theoretical features of the feminist jurisprudence. In this regard, the author pays attention to important concepts, categories, ideological assumptions, or methodological and methodological frame of feminist legal science. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the development of diverse forms of legal feminism the monograph also focuses on the normative side of feminist theory of law, which challenges the modern jurisprudence in elimination of gender and gender as legally relevant criteria.

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Adrián Popovič a kol.

The possibility of solving the grant project VVGS-2016-284 has provided a unique opportunity for members of the author´s team in the interdisciplinary composition to examine the issue not only from a tax-law point of view, but also from a political point of view. In the presented monograph, the authors focused on the characterization of different aspects of the EU in order to allow the reader correctly understand its position in relation to the outside world and to its inward relations within its Member States in the context of the creation and implementation of the EU tax policy. Particular attention is paid to the definition of the relationship between national tax legislation and EU law, the impact of the EU's tax policy on the national laws of its Member States, with reference to the identification of the harmonized areas with the approximation of their current stage of development and the final objective. This definition can be seen as a prerequisite for a correct and comprehensive understanding of the application and implementation of EU institutions' initiatives to prevent tax evasion and tax fraud and their implementation into the national legal order of the Slovak Republic. In the last part of the monograph, the authors focused on defining individual EU initiatives to combat tax evasion and tax fraud as a means of implementing its tax policy, in the area of ​​indirect taxation, in particular in the field of value added tax and in the field of direct taxation, especially with regard to corporate taxation, and to evaluate their projection into the national tax legislation of the Slovak Republic. At the same time, in these chapters, they assessed the real impact and effect of the measures admitted on the basis of the initiatives in practice.

The presented work is intended for a university student studying in the field of Tax Law and European Law, as well as the broader legal and economic community. However, in view of the scope and recency of the subject under consideration, the authors believe that the publication will find its application not only in the theoretical field but also in the practical field.

 JUDr. Adrián Popovič

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