Základné princípy laparoskopickej chirurgie

Jozef Kafka 

Otázky človeka, jeho bytia, násilie znepokojujú ľudí od najdávnejších čias ľudskej spoločnosti a sú nemalými problémami aj v prítomnosti. V tejto pôvodnej práci, ktorej predchádzali viaceré štúdie autora (najpodrobnejšie Kafka, 2002), sa zameriavam na opísanie násilia vo všetkých základných formách, čo je jednou z jej osobitostí. Podávam operačný výmer násilia:

Násilie je vedomá ľudská činnosť využívajúca ako prostriedok násilného činu fyzickú alebo psychickú silu na ovplyvnenie druhého človeka (pri pôsobení na seba ide o zvláštny prípad násilia), ktorý potom koná pod vplyvom tohto pôsobenia nedobrovoľne, z donútenia.

Nazdávam sa, že násilie charakterizuje určitá situácia, v ktorej sa stretávajú najmenej dvaja ľudia: aktér násilia a obeť násilia, alebo sa stretajú dvaja aktéri a jeden z nich sa zvyčajne stane obeťou. To je však osobitný prípad, ktorým sa teraz nebudem zaoberať. Ak je násilie zamerané proti vlastnej osobe, je aktér násilia súčasne aj obeťou. Aktér, ktorého osobnosť a motívy bývajú rôzne, začína násilný čin využívajúc pritom viaceré prostriedky a pôsobí nimi na druhého človeka, ktorého núti vykonávať svoju vôľu, čím sa tento stáva obeťou. Celý akt má určité následky. Napadnutý sa môže brániť tak, že násilie zvládne alebo to môže skončiť tragicky, keď násiliu podľahne. Táto relatívne jednoduchá reakcia sa stáva zložitejšou pri skupinovej forme násilia a celkom neprehľadnou pri hromadnom násilí.

Opisujem tieto základné formy násilia:

• - násilie proti vlastnej osobe vrátane samovraždy,
• - násilie individuálne, spôsobené jedným aktérom násilia,
• - násilie skupinové, charakterizované malými skupinami,
• - násilie hromadné alebo kolektívne medzi veľkými skupinami, vrátane vojen a revolúcií,
• - násilie proti neživej a živej prírode.

Práca končí krátkou analýzou liečby násilného správania a dôsledkov násilia s možnosťami jej prevencie. Opieram sa aj o vlastné skúsenosti s prejavmi násilia v psychiatrických zariadeniach. Nazdávam sa, že je to práca veľmi aktuálna, informatívna, ale aj pôvodná, lebo podáva v koncentrovanej podobe celý rozsiahly fenomén násilia s jeho základnými charakteristikami. Podobnú prácu v našej literatúre nemáme.

Autor

Mária Mareková - Marek Stupák - Peter Urban - Jana  Mašlanková -

Beáta Hupková - Miroslava Rabajdová

Publikácia je určená záujemcom o štúdium na UPJŠ v Košiciach, Lekárskej fakulte v odbore všeobecné lekárstvo a zubné lekárstvo. Obsahuje 1500 modelových otázok z chémie, ktoré sú spracované v súlade so vzdelávacím programom na gymnáziách a ktoré tvoria podklady písomných testov na prijímacích skúškach. Otázky na prijímacích skúškach však nemusia presne kopírovať otázky v tejto publikácii. Odpovede na otázky sú riešené formou ponúkaných variantných odpovedí obsahujúcich správne aj nesprávne možností, pričom správne odpovede sú uvedené v kľúči na konci publikácie. Táto publikácia vám poskytne možnosť overiť si hĺbku a rozsah vašich vedomostí z chémie, ktoré ste nadobudli počas stredoškolského štúdia a zároveň vám uľahčí prípravu na úspešné absolvovanie prijímacej skúšky. Autori problematiku rozdelili do kapitol, čo vám umožní rýchlo sa zorientovať a zistiť, ktorej oblasti sa musíte v štúdiu viac venovať. Cieľom predkladanej publikácie je umožniť každému uchádzačovi, ktorý má o štúdium na lekárskej fakulte vážny záujem, dobre sa pripraviť na prijímacie konanie a v prípade prijatia, mať dobrý základ na štúdium daného odboru.

E-book

Marek Šoltés - Jozef Radoňak

Laparoscopic surgery today represents the standard and, in many respects, a preferred modality of surgical treatment. The dynamics of its global expansion, enabled by advancements in biomedical technologies and the development of global information and communication channels, is unprecedented in the history of surgery. Currently, there is virtually no abdominal operation that is not performed laparoscopically, with laparoscopic procedures often being the method of choice.

Despite—or perhaps because of—the unprecedentedly rapid penetration of laparoscopic surgeries into everyday surgical practice, universally accepted technical standards are still lacking in many respects. The high variability of procedural approaches within individual laparoscopic operations stems more from the traditions of specific workplaces than from evidence-based medicine. This situation is further influenced by the development of new and revived concepts such as mini-laparoscopy, SILS (Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery), NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery), and their hybrid combinations with classical laparoscopy.

The aim of this monograph is to draw the attention of the professional community back to the fundamental principles of laparoscopic surgery, which should serve as a foundation for the effective and safe performance of laparoscopic operations, as well as a basis for a critical stance towards fashionable innovative trends.

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Sylvia Dražilová - Laura Gombošová - Martin Janičko - Ľubomír Skladaný - Eduard Veseliny

University textbooks are focused on undergraduate medical students and young doctors engaged in specialized training in gastroenterology, hepatology, and internal medicine.

The authors aimed to somewhat replace the lack of a concise and straightforward textbook on gastroenterology and hepatology for medical students, while also providing specific, directly applicable information for young doctors in inpatient departments caring for these patients.

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Mária Pallayová - Soňa Grešová - Pavol Švorc - Ivana Bačová

Adekvátne vedomosti z lekárskej fyziológie sú dôležité pre správne porozumenie funkcií jednotlivých orgánových systémov, ako aj pre diagnostiku a správnu liečbu ochorení. Vysokoškolský učebný text Praktické cvičenia z fyziológie je navrhnutý tak, aby dopĺňal prednášky a semináre z Lekárskej fyziológie. Každá kapitola je rozdelená do niekoľkých častí (Úvod, Princíp, Materiál, Postup, Protokol), aby študentom uľahčila porozumenie jednotlivých tém a bola nápomocná pri vypracovávaní laboratórnych protokolov. Jednotlivé kapitoly zahŕňajú ochranu a bezpečnosť pri práci, úvod do fyziológie, hematológiu, kardiovaskulárny systém, respiračný systém a vylučovací systém. Od študentov sa očakáva, že počas praktických cvičení získajú praktické skúsenosti pri riešení jednotlivých úloh zameraných na oblasť lekárskej fyziológie a budú rozvíjať aj dôležité analytické a komunikačné zručnosti, ktoré im pomôžu analyzovať a prezentovať vedecké dáta.

E-kniha

Silvia Farkašová Iannaccone a kol.

The history of ethics represents the search for a fundamental principle that would enable a person to distinguish between moral and immoral, good and evil, or right and wrong. The main issues are the motives, methods, and consequences of human actions.

The integrity of the medical profession emphasizes lifelong study and practice according to professional competence, and, last but not least, adherence to ethical principles and standards of medical ethics. Medical ethics and the related communication in the process of providing healthcare are becoming increasingly relevant topics. Communication between doctor and patient itself constitutes a very important part of the diagnostic process and treatment; it significantly contributes to the creation of a mutual relationship and, to a considerable extent, ensures patient cooperation.

The development of various information and network technologies allows for rapid communication even in medicine; however, a kind word and real contact with the patient, with an appropriate choice of verbal and nonverbal communication tools in personal contact, cannot be replaced by modern technology. The present era places demands on certain communication skills of the physician. Another ethical and legal issue is informed consent, which brings the patient’s active participation in the process of providing healthcare.

The presented publication provides basic information about medical ethics, communication in medicine in general, and communication skills in medical practice. Further chapters are devoted to the issue of informed consent, ethics, and the specifics of communication with selected groups of patients. We believe that this publication will clarify for the reader the basic ethical pillars and will be helpful for basic orientation in the issues of medical communication.

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Ivana Skoumalová - Zuzana Dankulincová

The publication entitled Competencies for clinical practice in the field of communication with the patient serves as the background and teaching material.

The text is structured to bring theoretical knowledge about the topic, current research findings in the field and practical tips for training skills in practice. It provides clear information on individual parts of the training and is designed to acquire knowledge that is the basis for practical skills in medical communication, especially in communication with patients.

It is intended for general and dental students to deepen their knowledge and acquire missing skills in medical communication, which are evidence-based and research-validated skills that have a demonstrable positive impact on patient communication.

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Marek Stupák et al.

Medical Chemistry presents an overview of the most important topics of general, organic and bioinorganic chemistry for students of General and Dental Medicine study programs. Its aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the subject Medical Chemistry and for understanding processes and chemical reactions which are taking place in the human body.

Each topic directly links chemical principles to the processes in living organisms and thus can help the students to clearly see the application of the presented information. Therefore, it also provides a good starting point for further study of Medical Biochemistry, for which the knowledge of these principles is necessary.

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Silvia Timková - Marcel Riznič - Jozef Minčík 

 Eugen Ďurovič - Peter Kizek

Vysokoškolský učebný text Ochorenia jazyka sa zameriava na anomálie a choroby postihujúce jazyk.  V jednotlivých kapitolách opisuje vrodené stavy, s ktorými sa na jazyku stretávame, ich diagnostiku ako aj možnosti liečby, ako aj jednotlivé samostatné chorobné jednotky. Úvodnú kapitolu tvoria lokálne ochorenia jazyka, kedy ochorenie nemá prejavy na iných ústnych slizniciach. Ďalšou skupinou sú ochorenia, kde je symptomatológia choroby prítomná na jazyku, ale aj na ostatných ústnych slizniciach. Okrem týchto stavov vznikajúcich priamo v ústnej dutine sú v ďalších kapitolách rozobraté stavy, kde celkové ochorenia, akými sú infekčné, endokrinologické, krvné a dermatologické ochorenia vyvolávajú zmeny na jazyku. Samostatné kapitoly sú venované prekanceróznym stavom a benígnym a tumoriformným léziam.  Poslednú kapitolu tvoria ochorenia jazyka u detskej populácie.

E-publication

Zora Lazúrová

This publication is intended for medical students and offers a systematic overview of anemia from the perspective of clinical practice. The publication includes a classification of anemias based on pathophysiological mechanisms, including impaired red blood cell production, increased destruction and blood loss. It provides detailed description of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid deficiencies, as well as aplastic and hemolytic anemias, including some of the rare hereditary forms. The text features chapters on laboratory diagnostics, investigative methods, and interpretation of results. The publication is focused on clinical presentation, differential diagnostic approach, and the basic principles of treatment for each type of anemia. The material is supplemented with images and tables to help in the understanding of this complex topic. The fundamentals of clinical management are presented in schematic differential diagnostic algorithms. The aim of this publication is to provide a clear, didactically structured, and practically oriented resource that supports the teaching of internal medicine. It is suitable not only for exam preparation, but also as an introduction to the clinical practice.

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Michal Legiňa kol.

Progress in biology and medicine has always been significantly related to advances in physics. Not only has physics supplied instruments and methods of measurement that have led to many discoveries in physiology and medicine, but methods of physical research have changed many of the older approaches to the biologic sciences. Such circumstances have even led to development of a new scientific field: biophysics, which uses to a great extent physical instrumentation procedures applied to an experimental system. Because any instrument is an additional factor in any experimental system, it may affect the data. To interpret physical data on biological material correctly then, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of instrument response.

A practical course enables a student to acquire some skills, experience and methodological knowledge for performance of experiments and evaluation of measured data. Due to the fast development of instrumentation technology, it is not possible to teach every operation and procedure upon instruments we may use in a future. Besides the basic physical principles, the aim of a practical course is to point out some general rules and skills for instrument operation and for the interpretation of the measured values derived from such operation.

There are two kinds of lessons in practical courses. The first one focuses on laboratory measurements of some important physical quantities and the evaluation of the measured data. These measured quantities are components of the subject “medical biophysics” or of the phenomena studied. Experience provided in managing various scales and tables, as well as in the construction of tables and graphs is substantial. Lessons also enable students to repeat and to strengthen their knowledge of secondary school physics, which is useful for understanding of many phenomena studied in medical biophysics. The second kind of lesson provides experience with some of the diagnostic and therapeutic medical instruments, which can be seen in practical medicine.

The understanding of basic physical principles of corresponding instruments is both recommended and demanded. Theoretical preparation is not only an appropriate condition for the practical managing of the whole lesson, but also helps to avoid injury. This textbook, therefore, intends to help students in preparing for both the practical lessons and the final exam.

Authors

E-book

Peter Berek

With the development of endovascular surgery, there is a gradual advancement in ACI stenting. The minimally invasive approach has made this methodology suitable for patients with serious concomitant cardiac or pulmonary diseases. Another advantage compared to surgical treatment was better access to the ICA in patients after radiotherapy, after previous neck surgeries, as well as in patients with stenoses close to the skull base.

The comparison of CEA vs CAS is an interesting and debatable topic in many studies. However, despite the massive global development of endovascular treatment, carotid endarterectomy remains the gold standard for treating ICA stenosis in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. In this monograph, we would like to accentuate and systematize the issue of surgical stroke prevention from the perspective of a vascular surgeon.

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Mária Frankovičová - Jana Kaťuchová - Jozef Radoňak a kol.

Vysokoškolská učebnica určená študentom všeobecného lekárstva, ktorá predstavuje kompaktný zdroj informácií nevyhnutných pre úspešné zvládnutie štúdia predmetu chirurgia. Obsahuje kapitoly z chirurgickej propedeutiky, chirurgie krku, hrudníka a brucha, ako aj nadstavbových chirurgických odborov, vrátane traumatológie, neurochirurgie, ortopédie, urológie, cievnej, plastickej, detskej chirurgie a kardiochirurgie.

E-book

Martina Čižmáriková - Peter Takáč 

It is known that pharmacology is a rapidly evolving medical field, with information about drug forms and their routes of administration constantly changing. In addition to the emergence of new drug forms, new trends are also observed in the routes of administration suitable for delivering drugs. Despite being significant factors influencing the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy – an indispensable component of comprehensive patient care – to our knowledge, there has been a lack of comprehensive and detailed textual material focused on this issue on the market. This fact is related to the broader scope of the professional text we are presenting, as rare drug forms or less commonly used routes of administration are only marginally mentioned or not mentioned at all in available pharmacology textbooks.

Our main goal was therefore to provide sufficient information about existing drug forms, their routes of administration, as well as their methods of delivery, which should serve to enhance the quality of pharmacotherapy in the context of so-called "tailored treatment," whose main effort is to individualize treatment for a specific patient. Although the work focuses on drug application methods, a detailed description of the technical implementation of algorithms and other related procedures is the subject of interest for other fields (nursing, surgical propaedeutics, etc.). Overall, it is a supplementary educational text provided in electronic form, which is extremely popular in today's modern informatized era. Thanks to this, the work can be used at any time at home or in a school environment, comprehensively or progressively, partially. We have also tried to enhance its quality by appropriate content organization, inclusion of practical experiences, as well as the inclusion of colorful images or photographs, overview tables, and appendices.

The textbook is supplemented by test quizzes serving to verify acquired selected knowledge, which are published on the website of the Department of Pharmacology at the Medical Faculty of UPJŠ in Košice (under "Teaching" → "Taught subjects"), and which will be continuously supplemented and updated (http://www.lf.upjs.sk/farmakologia/TEST%201.htm; http://www.lf.upjs.sk/farmakologia/TEST%202.htm).

Although the work is primarily intended for medical students, or students of pharmacy and other healthcare fields, we firmly believe that enriching information will be found in it by beginning graduates of these fields, as well as their teachers.

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E-book

Magdaléna Hagovská - Alena Buková - Ľubomír Lachváč

Overweight as a risk factor for the development of civilization diseases and urogenital dysfunctions

Overweight and obesity represent a significant risk factor for the development of several diseases of civilisation, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and various forms of cancer. They also contribute significantly to urogenital dysfunctions such as urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and pelvic organ prolapse. Mechanisms that link excess weight to these dysfunctions include increased intra-abdominal pressure, hormonal changes, and chronic inflammatory processes that negatively affect the structure and function of the urogenital system. Prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity are therefore crucial not only in terms of reducing the risk of civilization diseases, but also in improving the quality of life through the prevention and treatment of urogenital dysfunctions.

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