Vyšetrovacie metódy v internej medicíne

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Peter Olexa

Učebné texty „Vybrané kapitoly z gerontológie a geriatrie" sú určené pre štúdium študentov medicíny na Lekárskej fakulty UPJŠ v odbore Všeobecné lekárstvo v rámci výučby klinických špecializačných blokov v odbore Interná medicína - Geriatria .

Vo svojom úvode sa učebné texty venujú demografii z pohľadu starnutia populácie, vysvetľujú základné pojmy ako gerontológia, jej rozdelenie a následne sa zaoberajú aj úlohou a poslaním klinického odboru geriatria. Následne zrozumiteľne opisujú a vysvetľujú základné piliere geriatrickej medicíny, ktorými sú komplexné geriatrické vyšetrenie, základné geriatrické syndrómy, kam patrí krehkosť, malnutrícia, sarkopénia, kognitívne poruchy, a polyfarmácia . V závere sa venujú ageizmu, ktorý je tiež dôležitým javom v dnešnej klinickej medicíne.

MUDr. Peter Olexa, PhD.

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Mária Sováriová Soósová - Renáta Suchanová - Libuša Tirpáková

The presented university textbook provides knowledge in the field of nursing in internal medicine, specifically addressing the specifics of nursing care for patients with respiratory system diseases. It is intended for students of nursing as well as nurses working in this field.

The textbook is divided into six chapters and supplemented with bibliographic references, a list of abbreviations and symbols, a list of tables, and nursing diagnoses according to the NANDA International Taxonomy II classification (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, NANDA-I). For the correct interpretation of new knowledge, its modification, and effective application in specific situations in nursing practice, it is essential to utilize interdisciplinary relationships and apply the latest scientific evidence.

Those interested in further deepening their knowledge are referred to professional and scientific publications, primarily in nursing, clinical propedeutics, internal medicine, pharmacology, psychology, and other medical and humanities disciplines.

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Gabriela Štefková - Mária Zamboriová - Mária Sováriová Soósová - Renáta Shafout

We would like to introduce the study material/textbook Nursing Care Clinical Procedures I, which was developed to cover the curriculum of Nursing Care 1 for medical students. Clinical procedures are an essential component of nursing practice. The textbook contains four main chapters. Each chapter begins with a general explanation of the topic, followed by detailed method description of procedures to help students deliver high - quality care to patients. Some chapters also include appendi xes in order to pick up some special examples from clinical practice. The textbook strongly describes bandages because a carelessly or improperly applied bandage can cause discomfort to the patient, in many cases it may expose the wound to the danger of infection. To the best of wound knowledge, these procedures reflect currently accepted clinical practice and up-to-date information. The textbook can be easily integrated into an educational programme and can be used in the laboratory as well as in clinical practice. During the preparation of this textbook the information, facts, notes, publications, books and literature presented in the references section were also used. The publication include DVD, which is concentrated on applying bandages from head to lower extremity. DVD was developed in cooperation during IRES project. The student can also find additional information to study by following references. The reading level of Nursing Care Clinical Procedures I is designed to be comprehensible to as many students as possible, including those for whom Engl ish is a second language. We hope that this textbook will be useful to all readers. The authors take no personal responsibility for applying this information to a particular clinical practice
situation.

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Pavol Pobeha - Ivana Paraničová - Pavol Joppa

The publication "Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis—Selected Chapters" is an anticipated study material intended for medical students at medical faculties and can also serve as supplementary literature in the framework of postgraduate education for specialist doctors. By compiling chapters and content, it builds upon the Slovak version of the publication "Selected Chapters from Pneumology and Phthisiology" (edited by Pavol Joppa), but the new publication expands pneumology with additional nosological units and issues in the context of current evidence-based medicine.

This book adds topics such as Sleep Breathing Disorders and Respiratory Failure to standard pneumology topics like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, pneumonia, interstitial diseases, and tuberculosis. These topics are often mentioned only marginally in pneumological publications and within internal diseases. A significant contribution is the comprehensively processed chapter on Cor pulmonale chronicum, which connects several clinical fields including pneumology, internal medicine, and cardiology. We believe that the prepared publication will find favor among readers and will be beneficial in educating students and practitioners.

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Daniela Husárová

There is still little complete information about the system of care for adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems, especially in Slovakia.

Therefore, the main aim of this publication is to summarize and present current findings of the Care4Youth project, not only about the system, but also about the role of particular actors involved in the care of these adolescents, including family, professionals and schools.

In the chapters, we take a closer look at the cooperation of all involved actors and, from the point of view of care providers from different types of institutions, we will describe all barriers that negatively affect adequate and effective help as well as suggestions how the identified barriers could be eliminated.

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Mária Mareková a kol. 

Medical biochemistry is integral parts of basic theoretic knowledge of contemporary graduate at medical faculties. This textbook intends to help the undergraduate students of study branches General Medicine and Dental Medicine for the course of “Medical Biochemistry”. It is structured into 10 chapters concerning several topics: enzymology, cells membrane, metabolism, biochemistry of blood and organs, as well as some parts of clinical biochemistry.

The theoretical knowledge of this subject, which student obtains in the lectures, is verified in laboratory practices and is expanded in seminaries. Our selection of topics makes the text especially appropriate for medical students and managing of problems gives the students satisfactory ground for effective study of medical biochemistry and other related study subjects (e.g. clinical biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology) in the sense of comprehension of relative continuity and interdependence of biochemical process or their function respectively.

Since the textbook brings only the skeleton survey on the biochemical problematic concerning medicine, students should broaden presented facts by additional study from lectures and/or from other sources. We expect this study literature to serve as a basic study material for mentioned medical study branches for preparation to written part of exam from “Medical Biochemistry”.

Authors

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Tatiana Kimáková

The scientific monograph focuses on health determinants, healthy nutrition, its fundamental components, the consequences of unhealthy nutrition, and alternative dietary trends. The work also includes research targeting selected lifestyle factors among university students, particularly nutrition, eating habits, and physical activity.

This scientific monograph is suitable for the scientific community, students of medical and natural sciences, and public health professionals at all three levels of higher education. It is equally valuable for members of the informed general public interested in the subject.

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Marek Šoltés - Jozef Radoňak

Laparoskopická chirurgia dnes predstavuje štandardnú a v mnohých ohľadoch preferovanú modalitu chirurgickej liečby. Dynamika jej celosvetového rozšírenia, umožnená pokrokom v biomedicínskych technológiách a rozvojom globálnych informačných a komunikačných kanálov, nemá v histórii chirurgie obdobu. V súčasnosti už prakticky neexistuje žiadna brušná operácia, ktorá by sa nevykonávala laparoskopickým spôsobom, pričom v mnohých prípadoch je už laparoskopický postup metódou voľby.

Napriek, a možno práve vďaka bezprecedentne rýchlej penetrácii laparoskopických operácií do každodennej chirurgickej praxe naďalej v mnohých ohľadoch absentujú všeobecne akceptované technické štandardy. Vysoká variabilita procesných postupov v rámci jednotlivých laparoskopických operácií vychádza skôr zo zvyklostí daného pracoviska ako z medicíny založenej na dôkazoch. Táto situácia je ďalej modifi kovaná rozvojom nových a staronových koncepcií charakteru minilaparoskopie, SILS či NOTES a ich hybridných kombinácií s klasickou laparoskopiou.

Cieľom monografi e je pritiahnuť pozornosť odbornej verejnosti späť k základným princípom laparoskopickej chirurgie, ktoré by mali byť základňou pre efektívne a bezpečné vykonávanie laparoskopických operácií, ako aj bázou pre kritický postoj k módnym inovatívnym trendom. Obsahovo sa sústredí skôr na všeobecne menej známe a v našich podmienkach zriedkavo diskutované témy, ktorých význam sa hlbšie analyzoval len v nedávnej minulosti. Našou ambíciou bolo vytvoriť vyvážený materiál, ktorý by bol zaujímavým primárnym informačným zdrojom nielen pre lekárov špecialistov, ale aj pre poslucháčov lekárskych fakúlt a kolegov v špecializačnej príprave v chirurgických odboroch.

Autori

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Pavol Jarčuška - Daniel Pella - Ján Rosocha (eds.)

Proceedings of lectures from thematic conferences organized by UVP MediPark

UVP Medipark – the path to innovation in research, diagnostics, and treatment – was the title of the conference held on Tuesday, May 29, 2018, at the premises of the Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice. The patronage of the event was taken over by the rector of UPJŠ, Prof. RNDr. Pavol Sovák, CSc. The conference program was divided into two main areas – Innovative scientific technologies, clinical research, and the path to the development of new drugs, and UVP Medipark – main research areas.

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Jana Raková et al.

The proposed university textbook focuses on topics related to nutrition and nutritional recommendations for patients with selected diseases.

The aim is to provide dietary recommendations for patients with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, metabolic syndrome, gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders, and bone and joint diseases. An important part of the content includes nutrition in relation to cancer. Beneficial for the present time is also a chapter focused on food allergies and intolerances.

The publication highlights specific and targeted nutritional interventions as part of the treatment regimen, which is essential to know and follow in a patient's personal life.

PhDr. Jana Raková, PhD.
(on behalf of the authors' collective)

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 Ingrid Dravecká 

College textbook "Investigation methods in Diabetology" is designed for students of medicine. It can help them in preparing for an exam from internal medicine but specially in preparing for a state exam from internal medicine. The introduction is devoted to classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Further It describes investigation options (clinical, laboratory, imaging) of different types of diabetes mellitus as well as its acute and chronic complications. At the end there are given diagnostics and classification of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome, obesity and dyslipidemia.

Author

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Zuzana Mačeková - Zuzana Katreniaková a kol.

Demencia je jednou z naliehavých a mimoriadne zložitých globálnych výziev pre zdravotnícke a sociálne systémy 21. storočia. Na Slovensku sa počet osôb s demenciou odhaduje na 62 495 (2018), pričom sa predpokladá, že v roku 2040 tento počet vzrastie na 180 000. Demencie zatiaľ patria k nevyliečiteľným chronickým stavom, ktorým nie je možné úplne predchádzať. V roku 2024 (Livingston a kol.) bol publikovaný aktualizovaný model tzv. potenciálne ovplyvniteľných faktorov, ktoré môžu prispieť k zvýšenému riziku demencie. Patria k nim: nízka úroveň vzdelania, strata sluchu, vysoký LDL cholesterol, depresia, úrazové poranenie mozgu, fyzická nečinnosť, diabetes mellitus, fajčenie, vysoký krvný tlak, obezita, nadmerná konzumácia alkoholu, sociálna izolácia, znečistené ovzdušie (vrátane pasívneho fajčenia) a strata zraku. Týchto 14 rizikových faktorov predstavuje približne 45 % celosvetových demencií, ktorým by sa teoreticky dalo predísť. Napriek narastajúcej dostupnosti informácií, úroveň povedomia verejnosti o preventívnych prístupoch v správaní sa k sebe samým, ktoré môžu nástup demencie významne oddialiť, zostáva nízka. Farmaceuti na Slovensku majú v súčasnosti adekvátne kompetencie, aby vedeli pomôcť aj v oblasti prevencie demencií. Niekedy stačí poradenstvo priamo v lekárni, vo vážnejších prípadoch odporúčanie navštíviť lekára pre ďalšie posúdenie zdravotného stavu. Každopádne, človek takto nezostáva so svojim problémom sám a dostane včasnú a potrebnú zdravotnú starostlivosť.

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Ingrid Hodorová - Květuše Lovásová

The publication is a continuation of the already published university textbook"Ultrasound Anatomy 1" and fills the gap in the medical literary market concerning the ultrasound view of peripheral nerves and vessels of the limbs, and neck as well.

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Erik Dosedla

A uterine scar is currently a significant medical problem. Uterine scars most commonly occur after a Cesarean section, which is one of the most frequent laparotomic surgeries (Yazicioglu et al., 2006). The frequency of Cesarean sections increased between 1990 and 2014 in the USA from 21.2% to 32.2% (Hamilton et al., 2015), in Great Britain from 12% to 26.2% (NHS Maternity Statistics - England, 2013-14: Summary Report, 2015), and in the Slovak Republic from 8.7% to 31% (Národné centrum zdravotníckych informácii, 2016).

After a Cesarean section (CS), there is a risk of abnormal healing of the uterotomic wound, which can result in the development of certain pathological conditions in consecutive pregnancies (uterine rupture, ectopic pregnancy in the Cesarean scar, placental disorders) (Seow et al., 2004; Oyelese and Smulian, 2006; Fitzpatrick et al., 2012). In addition, a defect in the Cesarean scar is associated with chronic dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and postmenstrual spotting (Wang et al., 2009; Bij de Vaate et al., 2011).

Ultrasound is a valuable examination method in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these pathological conditions.

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Jozef Židzik - Terézia Hudáková - Martina Šemeláková - Ján Šalagovič

Methods in human genetics and molecular biology encompass various experimental, diagnostic and analytical techniques used to investigate the structure, function, expression, and regulation of genes, as well as general molecular processes in human cells. The university textbook Methods in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology provides a comprehensive overview of classical and modern experimental and analytical procedures. In fifteen chapters, it addresses methods such as PCR, RFLP, FISH, Western blot, DNA sequencing, DNA microarrays, molecular cloning, cytogenetic analysis, and forensic genetic analysis. The book is primarily intended as study material for the course of the same name taught in the 2nd year of study at the UPJŠ Faculty of Medicine, but it can also be used by all university students in the fields of biology, biotechnology, and related disciplines.

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Mária Mareková  et al.

Predmet Lekárska biochémia plní v medicínskom štúdiu nezastupiteľnú úlohu, naučiť študentov vnímať prirodzené, fyziologické, ako aj chorobné procesy v organizme ako deje odohrávajúce sa na molekulovej úrovni. Na rozlíšenie patologických pochodov od normálnych je potrebné zvládnuť a pochopiť zmysel obrovského množstva biochemických reakcií prebiehajúcich v bunke (bunkový metabolizmus). Osvojenie si týchto faktov je hlavným cieľom predmetu Lekárska biochémia, ktorého zvládnutie je dobrým základom pre štúdium patobiochémie, fyziológie a klinickej biochémie, ako aj mnohých ďalších odborných predmetov medicínskeho štúdia. Pre lepšie zvládnutie a pochopenie biochemických procesov sme pre študentov pripravili vysokoškolskú učebnicu „Lekárska biochémia – Semináre“, ktorá poskytuje študentom okrem teoretických úvodov aj prehľadné schémy procesov a mnoho otázok, vypracovanie ktorých by malo študentom uľahčiť prípravu na skúšku.