Leibniz a Heidegger – veta o (dostatočnom) dôvode

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Michaela Ružičková - Patrik Furik - Lukáš Jakabovič (eds.)

The collection of articles from the XI. International Scientific Conference for Students and Young Scientists, organized by the Department of Political Science of the Faculty of Arts of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, in cooperation with the Res Publica Civic Association, the Department of Security Studies of the Faculty of Political Science and International Relations of the Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Institute of Political Sciences and Administration, Faculty of Political Science and Journalism, Marie Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Institute of Social Studies, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, and the Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts, University of Miskolc, held on 20 May 2022 in Košice.

The aim of this publication, entitled Truth vs. Post-Truth. „It is not true, but it could be.”, is to highlight the threats arising from the issue of the spread of disinformation, conspiracies and hoaxes today, reflecting not only on the national context, but also on the impact of these elements in the international environment.

The proceedings consist of 12 articles written in Slovak and English. The individual contributions deal with selected topics and aspects of the spread of disinformation, conspiracy theories or hoaxes, among others in the context of elections, media landscape and politics.

The topics of the contributions are the limits of freedom of expression, media freedom and regulation in the media space, the issue of propaganda or information warfare. The present volume also includes papers focusing on issues in the field of political ideologies or the issue of false narratives about the COVID-19 disease.

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Peter Getlík

The main goal of the monograph "Moving Towards Cognitive Adaptation Studies: Adaptation as Play" was to orient current research in adaptation studies towards the empirically responsible cognitive branch of non-radical constructivism. This intention results from the rapid progressive differentiation of adaptation studies research, which has mainly manifested itself in this area in the last two decades. With the model of adaptation as play in a cognitive-scientific perspective, author provides the possibility of predicting the nature (also in a broader sense) of the experience of adaptation. Since the form of this experience significantly shapes the products of the adaptation process into their final form, the model of adaptation as play can be applied even in the interpretation of individual adaptations. In the monograph, the author synthesized the model of adaptation as play based on the knowledge of various disciplines. In the field of cognitive sciences, he saw help from the starting points of philosophy, linguistics, informatics, psychology, anthropology, biology and neuroscience – especially affective neuroscience, which also deals with the emotional dimension of the play. In the intersection with the essential interdisciplinary components of adaptation research, he also used the knowledge of classical and cognitive variations of literary science, film science (also theatrology) and media studies to a large extent. Consistent with other similar results of cognitive sciences, it turns out that even seemingly serious adaptations, like in many aspects of our culture, have a ludic base.

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Juraj Schenk a kol.

Vedecký časopis Sociálne a politické analýzy je interaktívnou elektronickou platformou pre komunikáciu a prezentáciu (publikovanie) odborníkov a ich práce z oblasti základného a aplikovaného výskumu a analýz v sociologických, psychologických, politologických a metodologických kontextoch. Ide o médium, zamerané na intenzívnu podporu výskumných aktivít a analýz v interdisciplinárnom rámci, výmenu skúseností, rozvoj spolupráce a vitalizáciu produkcie v tejto oblasti vedeckej práce.
Publikačná časť časopisu ponúka priestor pre uverejňovanie prác ako sú:
- pôvodné výskumné sociologické, psychologické, politologické štúdie a analýzy v ľubovoľných oblastiach sociálneho života
- metodologické štúdie
- výskumné správy
- štúdie z kvalifikačných prác
- projekty výskumov a analýz
- rezenzie

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Mária Mičaninová

Učenci, ktorých diela tvoria stredovekú filozofiu, pôsobili ako teológovia, právnici, lekári, niekedy aj básnici. Nenájdeme medzi nimi snáď nikoho, koho by sme mohli označiť výlučne za filozofa.2 Pre teológov a (náboženských) právnikov bola určujúcim prameňom ich filozofovania Biblia alebo Korán. Tým druhým prameňom bolo filozofické dedičstvo predchádzajúceho staroveku, v ktorom dominovala postava Aristotela s jeho komentátormi. Peripatetické dedičstvo dopĺňali nasledovníci Platóna v dlhej línii tzv. novoplatónskej filozofie (napr. Plotinos, Iamblichos a Proklos), ktorá sa vo svojich počiatkoch rozvíjala v prostredí helenistických škôl. Preto neprekvapuje, že hlavným filozofickým problémom pre stredovekých učencov bol vzťah teológie a filozofie, resp. viery a rozumu, a na to nadväzujúci vzťah teológie a metafyziky. V prostredí kresťanského myslenia sa o ňom diskutovalo už v 2. storočí, keď niektorí Cirkevní otcovia spochybnili hodnotu sekulárneho učenia pre tých, ktorým bola pravda zjavená Bohom...

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Margita Mesárošová, Miroslava Köverová, Soňa Lovašová

Intervenčný program na podporu starostlivosti o seba pre pomáhajúce profesie s názvom Ako sa o seba starám? vznikol v rámci riešenia výskumnej úlohy APVV14-0921 „Starostlivosť o seba ako faktor vyrovnávania sa s negatívnymi dôsledkami vykonávania pomáhajúcich profesií“. Jeho špecifikum spočíva v tom, že bol vytvorený na základe konkrétnych výskumných výstupov samotných autorov programu a projektu. V prvej kapitole autorky ponúkajú pohľad na prípravu intervenčného programu so zdôvodnením teoretických východísk, metód a špecifík účastníkov programu. Poskytujú tiež prehľad výskumov efektivity rozmanitých intervenčných programov zacielených na redukciu negatívnych dôsledkov pomáhania a posilňovanie starostlivosti o seba a iných pozitívnych efektov vykonávania pomáhajúcej profesie. Ďalšie kapitoly sú zamerané na podrobnú analýzu a zhodnotenie efektivity intervenčného programu Ako sa o seba starám? a jeho komparáciu s efektivitou iných programov, ktoré boli rôzne zamerané, určené rôznym populáciám pomáhajúcich profesionálov, ako aj mali odlišné teoretické a praktické zacielenie a základy. Väčšina týchto výskumov preukázala iba v ojedinelých prípadoch pozitívne zmeny, a to vďaka rôznym metodologickým nedostatkom, často spojených s praktickou aplikáciou.

To, čo diferencuje intervenčný program prezentovaný v tejto monografii, je účasť pomáhajúcich profesionálov aktívne vykonávajúcich prax v sociálnej oblasti, oproti väčšine intervenčných programov zostavených a overovaných pre študentov týchto profesií. Študentská populácia, ako ľahšie prístupná pre výskumníkov, umožňuje kvalitnejšiu metodológiu, zahrnúť väčší počet účastníkov, ako aj experimentálnu manipuláciu a vyváženie skupín. V prípade účastníkov overovania programu Ako sa o seba starám? išlo o praktikov, ktorí sú zapojení v každodennom pracovnom procese a tréning absolvovali vo svojom pracovnom voľne, čo kládlo vysoké nároky na zladenie ich pracovných, osobných úloh. Domnievame sa, že tie dôsledky, ktoré sme v rámci overovania efektivity prezentovaného intervenčného programu odhalili, nie vždy boli jasne matematicky uchopiteľné, ale boli zrejmé z individuálnych spätných väzieb.

Predkladáme text tejto monografie odbornej verejnosti, s cieľom poukázať na prínosy, limity intervenčného programu, ako aj inšpirovať výskumníkov a praktikov k ďalšej práci v tejto oblasti.

Autorky

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Ivica Hajdučeková - Iveta Bónová

https://unibook.upjs.sk/en/filozoficka-fakulta/995-masa-halamova-in-the-dar-cerveny-mak-smrt-tvoju-zijem-triad.html

The first personal monograph, On the Lyrical Triptych of Maša Haľamová (Life and Work), by co-authors Ivica Hajdučeková and Iveta Bónová, presents the results of archival research and analytical-interpretative insights into the structure of poetic texts. Life events at key points (V znamení osmičiek, Domov na brehu jazera, V ruchu redakčnej práce, Fáza po Mladých letách) are reconstructed based on autobiographical memories, archival documents, personal correspondence, as well as unpublished or published articles and interviews. An intriguing perspective on the author´s work is offered by self-referential notes and a reconstruction of opinions on her poetics and the artistic value of her poetry from the years 1928 – 2017, as expressed by contemporary and modern literary critics. The reconstruction of the genesis of the poem Dar (Gift), which relates to her connections with A. Kostolný and E.B. Lukáč, revealed the underpinnings of poetic inspiration and confirmed the productivity of archival research and exegetical methods. The analytical-interpretative insight into lyrical triptych Dar – Červený mak – Smrť tvoju žijem, realized through a spectrum of differentiated spirituality and the method of hermeneutic reading with an emphasis on the function of polyvocality, demonstrated that meta-empirical reality is shaped through natural imagery and the function of allusion. Across the three poetry collections, the lyrical parable and the process of spiritualization or spiritual growth of the lyrical subject are depicted, emblemized by the red poppy, blooming limber pine, and flowering moss. In conjunction with the analysis of the rhythmic-melodic structure of free yet phonetically organized verse – utilizing not only the folkloric inspirations of folk songs and ballads but also the religious tradition of spiritual hymns, prayers, and psalms – which confirmed that the poet´s sense and sensitivity for the „colourfulness“ of sounds and the „melodiousness“ of tones contributed to the architectural formation of the final form. This form is inseparably infused with the meta-empirical dimension of spirituality (eisos – eidos – Logos).

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Mária Fedorčáková, Miriama Filčáková (eds.)

The theme of the conference proceedings is the issue of sources, their interpretation and use of current digital technologies in their research and access. The proceedings constit of 7 papers by authors working in Slovak and Czech universities. The digitisation of seals is the subject of the paper by Barbora Borůvková. Michael Dudzik deals with the problem of building the road network in modern France and written and cartographic sources. Trends of digitization in Slovak archives and their perception by researchers are elaborated by in Miriama Fialkovičová´s study. Miriama Filčáková dealt with sources on the history of tertiary education in Košice in connection with the establishment of the UPJŠ. The possibilities of researching sources on the electrification of Slovakia are dealt with in the study by Dominik Hrtus. Ondrej Šály in his paper treated the letters of serfs in the 18th century as a source for economic history. Vavrinec Žeňuch discusses the possibilities of researching the eclesiastical history of the Uh county in the modern period.

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Vladimír Leško - Zlatica Plašienková (eds.)

Filozofický svet si pripomínal v roku 2007 výnimočné výročie – dvesto rokov od prvého vydania geniálnej práce Georga Wilhelma Friedricha Hegela Fenomenológia ducha (1807). Dozaista, môžeme mať rôzne hodnotové stupnice najdôležitejších filozofických prác napísaných v dejinách filozofie, ale vyššie uvedené Hegelovo dielo by v nich určite nemalo chýbať na popredných miestach. Hegelova Fenomenológia ducha rozhodujúcim spôsobom zmenila filozofický diskurz 19. storočia a výrazne ovplyvnila aj filozofiu v 20. storočí. Málokto z veľkých filozofov si po Hegelovi mohol dovoliť nevšímavo obísť filozofické dielo vrcholného predstaviteľa nemeckej klasickej filozofie z roku 1807 a nečerpať či už pozitívne alebo kriticky z jeho filozofického odkazu.  

Filozofickú konferenciu pod názvom Hegelova „Fenomenológia ducha“ a súčasnosť venovanú Hegelovej práci Fenomenológia ducha programovo pripravila a dňa 4. októbra 2007 v Košiciach zrealizovala Katedra filozofie a dejín filozofie Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach v spolupráci so Slovenským filozofickým združením pri Slovenskej akadémii vied v Bratislave. 

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Monika Hricová

Introduction to clinical psychology is designed as a teaching text. It is intended primarily for students of psychology at the bachelor degree. The publication offers the basic knowledge needed in the study of clinical psychology. It represents the theoretical basis for the following courses Clinical Psychology, Psychodiagnostics and Psychotherapy in the master's degree.

The text is divided into two parts. The first part deals with general issues of clinical psychology: its parts, history, professional practice of clinical psychologist, classification of mental disorders, or the specifics of research in clinical psychology. It covers also the topics of ethical work and the conditions of education of future clinical psychologists. The second part is focused on the issue of clinical-psychological practice in psychodiagnostics, the specifics of clinical-psychological work with patients with somatic diseases and disabilities. The publication does not describe psychopathology, psychodiagnostics and psychotherapy of mental disorders.

The aim of the publication is to acquaint students with the basic general knowledge necessary for building knowledge in the field of clinical psychology and its practice. To offer the necessary theoretical and practical basis for follow-up clinical psychological subjects and follow-up study in this area.

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Marianna Sedláková • Marián Gladiš (eds.)

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Ingrid Madárová - Lívia Barnišinová - Veronika Pálová

Táto učebnica je určená pre zahraničných študentov medicíny – začiatočníkov – ako slovenčina na špecifický účel výučby. Jej cieľom je pomôcť zahraničným študentom, ktorí (1) študujú medicínu (2) v cudzom jazyku (anglický jazyk) a (3) v zahraničí (Slovensko) zvládnuť výzvu pri príprave na praktickú časť ich štúdia – konverzácia s pacientom v Slovenskom jazyku.Zámerom je poskytnúť študentom krok za krokom najfrekventovanejšie slovné spojenia a výrazy potrebné pri komunikácii s pacientom. Lekcie sa zameriavajú hlavne na slovnú zásobu týkajúcu sa častí ľudského tela a na základné symptómy a príznaky chorôb.Dôraz je kladený na krátke dialógy medzi lekárom a pacientom. Pri precvičovaní dialógov sú študenti vedení k nácviku komunikácie so zreteľom na porozumenie, bez prípadných obáv o gramatickú správnosť. Gramatické javy sú predstavované postupne, cez jednoduché  pomôcky – „tipy“.V prípade potreby si môžu študenti nájsť a doplniť si „chýbajúce časti gramatiky“ prostredníctvom odkazov na odporúčanú literatúru. Cieľom tejto knihy je uľahčiť a zefektívniť celý proces štúdia/osvojenia si (lekárskej) slovenčiny.

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Ivica Hajdučeková

The development of this bilingual coursebook evolved as part of project KEGA Nr. 020UPJŠ-4/2013 headed by prof. PhDr. Ján Gbúr, CSc., and emerged from earlier research which had successfully analysed realist and modernist Slovak literature from a gender perspective. Based on initial interpretations which drew from philosophical, sociological and historiographical approaches, we were able to anticipate the issues which could be raised in other texts and thus establish a hypothesis for the subsequent literaryscientific research. Our research has also been influenced by the continually evolving nature of gender studies, and we have therefore decided to adopt a somewhat unusual approach in this coursebook and briefly examine some contemporary texts thereby creating an intentional shift in our timeline. The modern works of Z.Kepplová and U. Kovalyk have raised a number of interesting issues, and a study of the interwar work of M. Urban reveals further interpretations on the basis of gender. After this brief overview, we return to the main focus of the study: gender approaches to Slovak literature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

The study focuses on the complexity of male-female relationships in the work of both male and female authors of realist and modernist literature at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Works by the founding generation of realism and late realism were analysed, with particular attention being paid to the fiction of M. Kukučín, J. Čajak, J. G. Tajovský, J. Jesenský, E. M. Šoltésová, T. Vansová, Ľ. Podjavorinská and B. S. Timrava. The works of H. Gregorová and Ľ. Groeblová were also studied as prime examples of Slovak literary modernism. 

We hope that this bilingual coursebook will allow realist and modernist Slovak fiction, and the Slovak national literary tradition in general, to receive wider critical renown beyond the borders of Slovakia and also to demonstrate its place in contemporary literary theory.

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Ivica Hajdučeková

Druhé (doplnené a rozšírené) vydanie bilingválnej učebnice Rodový aspekt v slovenskej literatúre na prelome 19. a 20. storočia (Interpretačné etudy)/Gender Perspectives in Slovak Literature of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries (Interpretation Studies) ponúka širšiemu okruhu príjemcov – študentom učiteľstva akademických predmetov aj učiteľom v praxi – didaktickú transformáciu aktuálnej výskumnej problematiky (s podporou e-gramotnosti využitím online prístupov a QR kódov), ktorá vznikla v spolupráci so Školou úžitkového výtvarníctva v Košiciach (od roku 2019/20 s názvom Škola umeleckého priemyslu) v akademickom roku 2018/2019.

Odborná spolupráca v rámci projektu KEGA č. 008UPJŠ-4/ 2017 – Veda bez bariér (Interdisciplinárne inšpirácie súčasnej literárnej vedy a jazykovedy v edukačnej praxi na VŠ) s vyučujúcou slovenského jazyka a literatúry PaedDr. Janou Valicovou a vyučujúcou fotografického dizajnu Mgr. Renátou Novotnou Markovičovou zo ŠUP prebiehala v rámci projektového vyučovania. Priniesla výsledky v dvoch interdisciplinárnych výstupoch:

1. vytvorenie Literárneho salónika v študentskej kaviarni Minerva v areáli Filozofickej fakulty UPJŠ,

2. ilustrácie 2. vydania učebnice

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Marián Bednár

The scientific monograph The Value of Human Life in the Connotations of Postmodernism presents a current issue of reflections on the value of human life. It sees in the broader connotations of postmodern society, where the approaches of applied ethics (bioethics), philosophy and Christian theology intersect. This issue is embedded in the historical, philosophical, sociological and cultural-social Postmodernism. The monograph analyses the postmodern value system, the dominant postmodern anthropological concept, secular bioethics and civil law in relation to human life and its value. The key is the confrontation of the postmodern anti-life mentality and life in the most discussed bioethical issues: contraception, artificial insemination techniques, genetic manipulation, abortion, sterilization, (bio) technology, euthanasia. An alternative approach is offered by the theological vision of human and life presented in the Judeo-Christian context. In the light of modern theological disciplines, the personnel concept is enriched by theological anthropology culminating in an eschatological vision. In this sense, the issue of the value of human life culminates, which is also inspired by one of the most important encyclicals of Pope John Paul II. Evangelium vitae (25th anniversary of its writing). It is she who calls for the acceptance and respect of every human life and for the practical development of a new culture of life.

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Miriama Filčáková (ed.)

Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Conference of Young Historians, organized by the Department of History at the Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, in cooperation with the Slovak Historical Society at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, on October 19-20, 2021.

Currently, these histories are often presented as an extension of the history of science. The history of knowledge not only expands the boundaries of the history of science but also explores the boundaries between different forms of knowledge and ignorance. Just as studies of historical memory have expanded and complemented their interest in researching forgetting, the history of knowledge includes studies of ignorance. They focus on the change that has occurred over the past decades: from the sacralization of science and respect for professional knowledge to the rejection of science and constant questioning of professional knowledge, to which the history of knowledge must also respond. Findings as a product form the basis of human interactions and have their own past. What was the significance of knowledge and cognition in different historical periods? How did state power influence the development of knowledge and cognition? What can be considered knowledge in a particular historical era or culture? Finally, is there any human activity that cannot be considered knowledge? Currently, in the field of the history of knowledge, a significant surge in research, publishing, and the emergence of new institutions can be observed. The eleventh doctoral conference—Meeting of Young Historians XI, organized by the Department of History at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in cooperation with the Slovak Historical Society at the Slovak Academy of Sciences—will contribute to expanding the perspective on the past of knowledge and cognition. The conference, intended for Slovak and foreign doctoral students, aims to provide a space for presenting the latest results of scientific research, professional discussion, establishing contacts, developing cooperation, and exchanging experiences among the broader historical community. The starting point for the conference is a peer-reviewed proceedings volume consisting of publication outputs from active participants.

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Renáta Orosová • Katarína Petríková • Lucia Diheneščíková

Teaching belongs among the oldest professions in human history. Despite all efforts to innovate education by substituting the teacher using the products of the rapidly developing information and communication technologies in modern teaching concepts, the teacher continues to play a decisive role in the education process. If it is to be controlled, it cannot work without a teacher.

To be a teacher means to accept the responsibility for the education of the next generation: to prepare young people for their life and future profession. To be a good teacher means to possess certain characteristics related to professionalism, thinking, expectations and leadership. It means to master different teaching and learning strategies as well as motivation methods, endure the stress and pressure of the school environment, use basic social and communication skills actively and efficiently, follow the progress of their pupils to help them improve, and also to be capable of optimally resolving emerging educational situations and issues (Rovňanová, 2015).

It suggests that the teacher must be a “master” in their profession, i. e. they must never stop learning, improving themselves, creatively working with the educational content and innovating the process of education. Innovations can come along as early as during the initial stages of one’s teaching career. Practical professional training for future teachers largely focuses on the development of subject-related and didactic skills, however, self-reflection is paid little attention. Self-reflective techniques and methods may be incorporated in the practical professional training for students in model situations in the faculty environment as well as in the actual school environments during their teaching practice.

Based on the analysis of self-reflection competences in future teachers, opinions of the mentor teachers and their recommendations and the set of pupil-oriented and educational process-oriented competences, a protocol for using self-reflection methods has been created. More precisely, it is a self-reflection teaching diary. It is an innovative method of self-reflection competence development in teaching students in their practical specialized preparation, particularly the self-reflective observation practice and conversation.

The Self-Reflection Teaching Diary is the outcome of the VVGS “Innovation in self-reflection competence development teaching methods in the practical specialized training of future teachers” grant project solving. It is an innovative and creative text-based tool not only for teaching students but also for university teachers specializing in their practical preparation as well as mentor teachers in primary and secondary schools. Its English version can be used by teaching students on their study stays abroad. It is also a transparent and unified tool in the practical preparation of future teachers aiming at the development of their self-reflection competences.

Authors

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