Aplikovaná etika – Kontext a perspektívy III – ekogramotnosť a ekokriticizmus

E-book

Nikita Bobrov et al.

History of ethics represents a search for basic principle, which would enable a distinction between moral and immoral, good and bad, right and wrong. The main problem lies in motives, methods and consequences of human conduct. The integrity of medical profession puts emphasis on life-long study and practice according to the professional competence, and last but not least on ethical principles and rules of medical ethics.
Medical ethics, as a part of bioethics, is currently taking on a huge importance in everyday clinical practice and must face many serious ethical issues regarding the whole system of health care. On general level the decision-making in medical practice is quite easy, based on the requirement to always act in the patient's best interest. However, it is often difficult to know exactly what is best for the patient, in a certain situation, for this particular patient. Also with each progress in medicine and its globalization, the more aspects of human lives are being affected.

Biomedical research, and the new treatment and diagnostic methods it provides are viewed differently in each country, therefore various cultural, religious, social and legal aspects must be considered in their assessment, as well as the basic principles of medical ethics. Worldwide effort on unifying ethical regulations on certain aspects of health care led to the establishment of many legally recognized documents the doctors must be familiar with.

Teaching ethics to students of medical school aims to educate the future doctors towards ethical decision-making, behaviour and professional conduct according to the basic principles of medical ethics.
This textbook provides the basic information on medical ethics for students of medical faculties and serves as a practical introduction to the most common ethical problems of health care provision for their future professional practise.

Authors

Download the e-book for free (pdf)

E-book

Ľubov Vladyková

Reflection of technics  is about as old as philosophy. In the presented monograph the author reflects technology and technology as a medium of everyday life.

Every technical change is reflected in countless levels of our lives: environmental, economic, political, cultural and personal. The moral-philosophical reflection of technics and  technology aims to understand the complex relationships and effects of technology on the environment, society, culture and our existence. Knowledge (whose scientific knowledge is a special type) is part of the social and technical domains. If we perceive social and technical domains as separate, we deny their functioning as an integral part of our existence.

Speaking of 'new ecology of technology and technology'  the term ecology symbolizes the new existing disorder and 'cross-border' in the field of technology and technology reflection as a result of their revolutionary and far-reaching changes, and social change is unpredictable - all the more because technics and technology is the medium of everyday life and determines the future of the human species.

Download the e-book for free (pdf)

E-book

Tatiana Kimáková a kol.

Ethics, as the science of the proper realization of human potential in various areas of life, also extends into the environment. For understanding the ethical aspects in this field, a thorough knowledge of the individual components of the environment, as well as their impact not only on humans but on all living nature, is very important. Therefore, questions concerning the influence of the environment are increasingly at the forefront of interest from an ethical perspective, also in connection with existing legal norms.

The modern process of civilization is characterized by rapid development of science and technology. However, this development, while raising the standard of living on one hand, also brings negative side effects on the other. The result is the disruption of ecological, biological, and natural life conditions, especially in the areas of industrial centers. The development of individual branches of industry leads to the production of liquid, gaseous, and solid wastes, the emergence of harmful risk factors threatening various components of living nature, including humans. There may be increased bioaccumulation of hazardous chemical elements in organisms, which, through their effects, represent a potential risk also in terms of carcinogenesis and mutagenesis.

For this reason, an important role of society is to create conditions to prevent the release of emissions and to reduce their concentration to the lowest possible, socially and biologically acceptable level. The assessment of the biological effects of harmful substances is based on experimental and epidemiological studies. Knowledge of concentration and duration of exposure is crucial for applying dose-effect relationships and for determining the highest permissible concentrations of pollutants. The health of the population, as a universal value and a primary human right, represents a fundamental economic resource not only for the individual, but also for society as a whole.

Download the e-book for free (pdf)

Magdalena Chvílová Weberová - Jaromír Matějěk -  Barbora Steinlauf a kolektív 

Publikace v kontextu evropské filozofické tradice nabízí orientaci v důležitých tématech obou souvisejících oborů. Publikace je věnována propojení filozofie (etiky), práva a vědeckého poznání s klinickou praxí pediatrie a neonatologie.

Obecné kapitoly definují základní principy bioetiky, základní pojmy a směry etiky. Vybrané praktické kapitoly řeší klinické a psychosociální otazníky pediatrie a neonatologie. Velká část praktického oddílu knihy je věnována etice paliativní péče v dětském věku a neonatologii. Zamýšlí se nad hranicí viability, intenzivní, vývojovou a následnou péčí v neonatologii, řeší problematiku bolesti, umírání, (ne)zahájení a ukončení život udržující léčby. Součástí je doprovázení rodiny dítěte s život limitující diagnózou, terminální fází onemocnění a na konci života. Zmíněny jsou i zdánlivě okrajové oblasti, jako je etika výzkumu, psychologie, genetika, výživa dětského věku, právo na kojení a výživu mlékem matky. Zmiňuje také právní a etickou problematiku babyboxů, náhradního mateřství, císařských řezů na přání, problematiku očkování. Pozornost je věnována dospívajícím.

Rozsáhlý oddíl je pak věnován eticko-právním souvislostem. Tématy jsou koncept nejlepšího zájmu dítěte, ochrana práv dítěte, zástupné rozhodování, informovaný souhlas v pediatrii a etické souvislosti péče o děti z jiného kulturního prostředí, vlivu medií na formování zdraví dítěte. Samostatná kapitola je věnovaná týmové práci.

Monografie je určena zdravotníkům (lékaři i sestry) v oboru pediatrie, neonatologie a paliativní péče. Může být přínosem studentům, kteří směřují k oboru pediatrie, pečujícím zdravotně-sociálního pomezí v pediatrii.