Diagnostika a terapie ADHD

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Ján Kahan - Eva Žiaková

The monograph focuses on the issue of loneliness among substance-addicted people in the context of abstinence prospects and re/lapse prevention. In the monograph these phenomena, several theories were integrated and applied in the context of the ecosystem meta-framework of social work and practical contexts. The ecosystem meta-theory serves as a meta-construct with the ability to encompass the complexity of social phenomena as well as that of human beings within the structure of their living and social environment, formal and informal networks, and close intimate relationships.

In this monograph are presented research sample consisted of 235 respondents – hospitalised addicts undergoing urgent treatment, abstaining A-club members as well as members of psychotherapy and self-help groups. The research showed that abstainers were statistically less lonely than the hospitalised respondents. Quantitative data of research are complemented by qualitative data collected in four case studies; two of them focused on two long-term abstainers from alcohol and drugs, while the other two case studies dealt with two respondents in post-hoc treatment undergoing the resocialization process. The research also showed that respondents who broke abstinence felt lonelier than their successfully abstaining counterparts.

The results were supported also by the fact that a statistically significant inversely proportional relationship was identified between the duration of abstinence and loneliness rate. Gender differences were found between the hospitalised addicts in all loneliness dimensions. Naturally, the combined research was limited in certain aspects, mainly in terms of the size and proportional distribution of the research sample and its subgroups, test battery extent, and general nature of the population studied. Triangulation among quantitative and qualitative with the theoretical starting points confirmed the existence of a relationship among loneliness, addiction, and prospect of abstinence.

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Veronika Vasiľová - Soňa Lovašová

The formation of social work as a scientific discipline is not a completed process because of with changes in society also change social problems that need to be identified and analyzed with the intention to develop methodological solutions aimed at preventing and interventing these social problems.For this reason, the field of social work as such is constantly expanding, as its dynamic nature makes it possible to respond to emerging social problems and react to the needs of society.

Social work in the school environment is a functioning science field abroad.In the conditions of the Slovak Republic, this area of social work is still missing.Therefore, the monograph deals with the possibilities of social work in the school environment in Slovakia. 

The monograph is primarily intended for the professionals working in the field of social work and in the third sector with children and youth.

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Silvia Kontírová a kol.

Pedagogical practice is an organizational form of higher education training for prospective teachers, implemented through mandatory pedagogical practice subjects.

These subjects have an integrative and practical-training character, building upon the theoretical and practical instruction provided to students at the faculty. They are conducted within the scope defined by curricula in the conditions of specialized workplaces (training schools) and under the supervision of qualified professionals (training teachers). Unlike other higher education subjects, pedagogical practice primarily provides students with opportunities for independent creative teaching in real school environments.

The practical activities of students in training schools are characterized as supervised, monitored, and evaluated by designated entities.

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Zuzana Dankulincová (ed.)

Proceedings from the 8th Nationwide Conference on Health Psychology with International Participation, May 15, 2013, Košice, Slovak Republic

The Proceedings of Scientific Works Health Psychology in a Multidisciplinary Perspective on Health provides an overview of diverse topics addressed by experts in Slovakia and the Czech Republic, covering a broad scope of the discipline of health psychology.

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Filip Tylš a kolektív

Publikace si klade za cíl zprostředkovat informovanému čtenáři vhled do problematiky psychedeliky asistované psychoterapie (PAP) – přístupu, ve kterém je využíváno rozšířeného stavu vědomí pomocí psychedelických látek k zefektivnění psychoterapeutického procesu.

Vstup psychedelik do lékařské a psychologické praxe je předznamenán rychle rostoucím počtem klinických studií s těmito látkami. Díky pokroku neurozobrazovacích studií dnes máme o trochu jasnější představu o působení psychedelik v lidském mozku. Poznání těchto mechanismů spolu se studiemi zaměřenými na nefarmakologické faktory účinnosti nám umožňují moderní metodiku PAP lépe definovat a dále rozvíjet. Publikace se zaměřuje na práci s psychedeliky v kontextu klinických studií i moderní psychoterapie a obsahuje řadu konkrétních postupů a kazuistik klientů.

Kniha je určena především klinickým pracovníkům a psychoterapeutům, ale i dalším čtenářům se zájmem o problematiku.

Jozef Kafka

Význam vedomia pre každého človeka ale aj pre pozná­vanie je taký rozhodujúci, že by bolo nesprávne hovoriť o ňom iba pri psychických procesoch, lebo je jadrom ľudskej individuality a práve vedomím sa človek odlišuje od ostat­ných živých tvorov.

Je potešujúce, že nová oblasť poznávania označovaná ako veda o mysli začína sa vedomím zaoberať podrobnejšie a vylučuje tvrdenia, že vedomie nejestvuje hoci zatiaľ hovorí podľa mojej mienky iba o bazálnom vedomí a jej inter­pretácie prekračujú zistené fakty.

V svojej odbornej činnosti a aj v učebniciach som rozlišoval dve cesty poznávania vedomia a  iba postupne som si uvedomil, že mám pred sebou dva úrovne vedomia. V tejto práci  rozlišujem tieto dve úrovne:

• bazálne vedomie,
• rozvinuté vedomie.

Ak bazálne vedomie vyjadruje bdenie a spánok, tiež po­zornosť a gnostické rozpoznávanie, teda  idiognózia a somatognózia, rozvinuté vedomie predpokladá reč a vytvára také prejavy, ktoré označujeme ako duševné, teda identita, sebareali­záciu, čo vyjadruje schopnosť uvedomovania si seba, okolia, spoločnosti ale aj všetkého čo sme schopní poznať.

Také chápanie je blízke výkladu fyziológa Pavlova o dvoch signálnych sústavách a chápaniu Poppera o treťom sve­te ale aj ďalšie náhľady, nikto však neurobil určitejšie závery a nedošiel k náhľadu, že naše vedomie má dvojvrstevnú podobu, dve úrovne.

Napriek rozsiahlej a takmer neprehľadnej literatúre vieme o vedomí málo, okrem toho, že je to schopnosť uvedomo­vania, teda schopnosť uvedomiť si, že jestvujem, že som, že jest­vujú aj iní ľudia, že jestvuje niečo čo označujeme ako svet ako nepredstaviteľný vesmír. Uvedomujem si, že som individua­litou jedinečnou, ale limitovanou narodením a smrťou a že mám aj zmysel svojho bytia. Toto uvedomovanie, akokoľvek spo­chybňované je pre človeka prítomné v jeho poznávaní, hoci nemáme zmysly, ktorými by sme vedeli lokalizovať jeho prí­tomnosť v mozgu, ale svojou charakteristikou s dynamikou a integráciou má však duševný charakter, odlišný od    ostatných preja­vov mozgovej činnosti.

Práca sa pokúša v deviatich kapitolách osvetliť, čo sa chápe pojmom bazálne a rozvinuté vedomie    a možno ju rozdeliť do troch okruhov:

V prvých šiestich kapitolách diela hovorí o vedomí ako o doméne bytia človeka, podáva sa preto výklad vedomia a jeho rozlíšenie, potom sa hovorí o kolobehu života a rozvoji ve­domia, kladie sa otázka vedomia u stavovcov, potom náhľady filozofické a metodológia skúmania vedomia. Nasledujú ďalšie kapitoly, ktoré analyzujú podrobnejšie dve formy, úrovne vedomia, sú to kapitoly 7-9, začínajú ana­lýzou individuality človeka, lebo to je báza vedomia aj je­ho foriem, ďalej kapitoly o bazálnom vedomí a rozvinu­tom vedomí, čo považujem za jadro predkladanej práce. Napokon sa opisujú niektoré poruchy vedomia, ktoré dokladajú realitu vedomia v podobe  jej porúch ale aj možnosti rozlí­šenia dvoch úrovní, ktoré sa dajú zistiť pri starostlivom štúdiu a pri práci s chorými.

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Miroslava Köverová - Margita Mesárošová (eds.)

The publication „Helping professions and self-care from the perspective of psychology and social work“ includes research studies focused on self-care, and the positive and negative effects of helping among specific groups of helping professionals – psychologists and social workers.

A number of Slovak as well as foreign authors contributed to the book of proceedings. The contributions are theoretical studies, research studies and case studies. The theoretical and research studies are focused on important issues of professional helping: self-care, compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, burnout, perceived stress, secondary traumatic stress, mindfulness, empathy, job satisfaction and turnover among psychologists and social workers.

Research interest in the phenomena is especially important in the context of the mental health of helping professionals and in reducing the negative consequences of helping. 

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Ján Hvozdík

With great interest, I read the proposal for the reissue of the monograph by Prof. PhDr. Ján Hvozdík, DrSc., Základy školskej psychológie (Foundations of School Psychology). It was an honor for me to be part of the editorial board for the new edition of the textbook.

The reissue comes at a time when school psychology seems to be experiencing a renaissance in its application. This is no coincidence, as the professor’s conception of school psychology as a theoretical-applied and integrated psychological discipline strives not only directly but also indirectly, through the pedagogical practice of teachers, to influence specific situations in educational practice within the school environment. From my perspective, I also appreciate the attention given in the textbook to the ever-relevant topic of self-directed learning, that is, the autodidactics of pupils and students. School psychology has become a core subject, within which its specializations are also realized.

It is worth mentioning the fact that, under the conditions of totalitarianism, the professor was not a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and yet he made significant contributions to the development of school counseling, both in theory and in practice, which commands respect and admiration. The reissue of the textbook is not an apology but rather a celebration of his positive contributions.

prof. PhDr. Ján Grác, DrSc.

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Milena Barinková (ed.)

The complex of legal norms protecting work, ensuring safety and health protection at work, is very broad in scope, extending beyond the Labour Code to include other specific legal regulations, collective agreements, executive legal regulations, and internal corporate normative acts.

Health protection of employees from hazardous workplace influences is a central requirement stemming from fundamental human rights guaranteed by the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. To ensure its universal enforcement across all employers in both private and public sectors, strict regulation through cogent norms is fully justified. The European Commission’s Communication to the European Parliament, Council, European Economic and Social Committee, and Committee of the Regions on the EU Strategic Framework on Health and Safety at Work 2014–2020 (COM(2014) 332 final) addresses the need to account for labor market changes arising from demographic shifts, aging populations, and technological advancements.

Work pace demands are intensifying, and all age categories of employees must adapt to new technologies, organizational changes, and evolving job structures. This increases requirements for maintaining health fitness throughout entire professional careers. Mental health fitness, which receives insufficient specific attention, is an inherent part of health fitness requirements. Prevention plays a critical role in mental health protection.

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Oľga Orosová - Beáta Gajdošová (eds.)

This publication considers social, economic, political, and psychological indicators of emigration behavior and emigration intentions as appropriate predictors of future behavior.

Theories of motivation and theories of behavioral intentions and their effectiveness are popular in migration research. On the other hand, the Health Belief Model and its adaptation in the research of emigration intentions bring a relatively new and perspective view on this topic.

According to the results presented in this publication, the factors that attract students to emigration (pull factors) are language skills and career opportunities abroad, the desire for change and new experiences, perceived feasibility of emigration, and self-efficacy.

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Margita Mesárošová - Jozef Bavoľár - Miriam Slavkovská 

The current situation in the world education system, which declares the need to educate students for knowledge society, for improving the graduate employability is behind the motivation of authors to address competencies and key competencies for the knowledge society.

The authors present theoretical and empirical investigations based on the application of scientific methods of competency assessment and the use of contemporary scientific paradigms. The starting point is the concept of competencies in the context of current approaches of scientific psychology, which resonates in the official documents of the European Union and has been elaborated and enriched by the authors. The monograph focuses on a selected set of competencies, namely: competence to act as a self-regulated person, self-development, decision-making competencies, social and metacognitive competencies in the context of motivation. Knowledge about nature, the structure of competencies are presented, as well as their relations with personal and environmental variables.

The effort of the authors is also aimed at making available knowledge about the possibilities of assessing these competencies using current methods. Authors communicate the results of the creation and verification of competency assessment methods. The implementation of the research results presented in the monograph is perspective in the education and counseling of the target group of university students.

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Terézia Fertaľová - Iveta Ondriová

Téma duševního zdraví se stává stále důležitějším ve veřejné diskusi a povědomí s ohledem na zvyšující se tlak moderního života, zvýšenou frekvenci psychických poruch a důsledky globálních událostí.
Ošetřovatelství zaměřené na duševní zdraví je speciální oblast zdravotnické péče, která se zabývá poskytováním ošetřovatelské péče a podpory pro jednotlivce trpící různými duševními poruchami a problémy se zdravím. Obor se zabývá nejen léčbou symptomů, ale také poskytováním komplexní péče, která zahrnuje psychologickou podporu, rehabilitaci a pomoc při zvládání každodenních nároků.

Slavomil Fischer -  Jiří Škoda

Třetí vydání úspěšné publikace bylo rozšířeno o aktuální společenská témata, která přinesl vývoj v posledních letech. Vyžádal si je rostoucí zájem odborné i širší veřejnosti o problematiku nežádoucích jevů. Aktualizována jsou témata sociálněpatologických jevů souvisejících s rodinou a agresivitou. Nově jsou zařazeny kapitoly týkající se nových typů závislostí (na sociálních sítích, technologiích) a zneužívání látek nezpůsobujících závislosti (vitaminy, steroidy, hormony, laxativa). Pozornost je upřena na faktory vyvolávající rozvoj těchto sociálněpatologických jevů, zejména na jejich vazbu na rodinné prostředí, a dále na možnosti jejich řešení.

Publikace bude přínosná při studiu problematiky sociálněpatologických jevů jak pro odborníky a specialisty, tak pro studenty a další případné zájemce. Mohou ji využít i pracovníci, kteří se na řešení sociálnědeviantních a patologických jevů již v praxi podílejí, a specialisté na vědeckých pracovištích. Je ale též určena vysokoškolským studentům, kteří se připravují na práci v tzv. pomáhajících profesích, tedy budoucím vychovatelům, sociálním pracovníkům, terapeutům, etopedům, speciálním pedagogům, a studentům učitelských a zdravotnických oborů. Vzhledem ke společenskému zájmu o projednávaná témata poslouží i dalším zájemcům z řad širší veřejnosti.

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Monika Hricová

Introduction to clinical psychology is designed as a teaching text. It is intended primarily for students of psychology at the bachelor degree. The publication offers the basic knowledge needed in the study of clinical psychology. It represents the theoretical basis for the following courses Clinical Psychology, Psychodiagnostics and Psychotherapy in the master's degree.

The text is divided into two parts. The first part deals with general issues of clinical psychology: its parts, history, professional practice of clinical psychologist, classification of mental disorders, or the specifics of research in clinical psychology. It covers also the topics of ethical work and the conditions of education of future clinical psychologists. The second part is focused on the issue of clinical-psychological practice in psychodiagnostics, the specifics of clinical-psychological work with patients with somatic diseases and disabilities. The publication does not describe psychopathology, psychodiagnostics and psychotherapy of mental disorders.

The aim of the publication is to acquaint students with the basic general knowledge necessary for building knowledge in the field of clinical psychology and its practice. To offer the necessary theoretical and practical basis for follow-up clinical psychological subjects and follow-up study in this area.

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Ladislav Lovaš - Margita Mesárošová (eds.)

Over the past two decades, psychologists have shown increased interest in the issues of self-regulation and self-control. The prepared publication is, in a sense, part of this process. Its foundation was the conference "Psychological Aspects of Self-Regulation and Its Contexts," held on October 14–15, 2010, in Košice. The event was organized by the Department of Psychology and the Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology at the Faculty of Arts, P. J. Šafárik University.

The publication of a collection of scientific papers with the same title fulfills the aim of presenting oral presentations and posters in an expanded form. The contributions are thematically divided into three sections: "Self-Control and Its Contexts," "Coping with Problematic Situations," and "Personality and Risk Behavior."

The publication and the conference that served as its basis were supported by the grant agency VEGA of the Ministry of Education and the Slovak Academy of Sciences as part of projects 1/0785/09 "Personal and Situational Factors of Self-Control" and 1/0310/10 "Social-Psychological Determinants of Healthy Psychosocial Development and Realization of Developmental Potential in Gifted and Disadvantaged Children and Adolescents."

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Stanislav Hvozdík 

Predložený vysokoškolský učebný text „ Úvod do poradenskej psychológie „ poskytuje študentovi jednak komplexnejší pohľad na disciplínu poradenskej psychológie, ale zároveň obsahuje kapitoly, ktoré mu približujú konkrétnejšie samotný proces poradenstva a problematiku pomáhajúcich spôsobilosti v poradenstve. Okrem toho publikácia obsahuje kapitolu, ktorá prináša niektoré paradigmy poradenskej psychológie. Dôležitou časťou publikácie je kapitola v ktorej sa aplikuje vývin do poradenstva. Táto časť práce obsahuje pod kapitoly: poradenstvo deťom, proaktívne poradenstvo adolescentom a poradenstvo starším dospelým. Súčasťou publikácie je kapitola o etike , ktorá súvisí s poradenskou psychológiou. Predložené učebné texty sa opierajú o relevantné teoretické pramene a sprístupňujú ich študentovi. Možno povedať, že predložená práca s inými prispieva svojim dielom k zaplneniu veľkej medzery, ktorá v tejto aplikovanej oblasti psychológie vznikla v posledných dvoch desaťročiach.