JARNÁ ŠKOLA DOKTORANDOV 2024

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Janka Vrláková - Stanislav Vokál

Atómová a jadrová fyzika sú pomerne mladé vedecké disciplíny tvoriace záverečnú časť všeobecného kurzu fyziky na PF UPJŠ. Ich cieľom je výklad podstaty základných fyzikálnych vlastností atómov, atómového jadra a elementárnych častíc.
To je aj obsahom prednášok a cvičení „Všeobecná fyzika IV“ v 2. ročníku bakalárskeho stupňa štúdia fyziky na Prírodovedeckej fakulte (PF) Univerzity P.J. Šafárika (UPJŠ) v Košiciach. Na ne nadväzujú voliteľné prednášky „Jadrové žiarenie v životnom prostredí“, „Úvod do fyziky mikrosveta“ v 3. ročníku bakalárskeho stupňa jednoodborového štúdia fyziky, príp. učiteľského štúdia fyziky v kombinácii s iným predmetom a „Subjadrová fyzika“ v 1. ročníku magisterského stupňa učiteľského štúdia fyziky v kombinácii s iným predmetom. V spomenutých prednáškach sú predstavené najnovšie experimentálne poznatky o štruktúre a chovaní mikrosveta pomocou fyzikálnych teórií a ich nasledujúcej experimentálnej previerke v experimente.
Hlbšie pochopenie tohto rozsiahleho materiálu by mal umožniť aj tento vysokoškolský učebný text „Základné fyzikálne praktikum III“, ktorého prvá časť je pred Vami. Tieto skriptá obsahujú základné úlohy z praktika jadrovej fyziky realizované na Katedre jadrovej a subjadrovej fyziky (KJSF) PF UPJŠ v posledných rokoch v zimnom semestri na bakalárskom stupni štúdia fyziky, či už jednoodborovom, alebo v kombinácii s iným predmetom. Predložené učebné texty predstavujú prepracovanie a doplnenie starších skrípt (M. Karabová a kolektív, Základné fyzikálne praktikum, PF UPJŠ, 1984) používaných na KJSF doteraz.

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Magdaléna Halachová - Denisa Rovenská

The monograph theoretically analyzes the virtual environment and its aspects, offers insight into the identity of the child in the virtual environment, the necessity of social support and the diversity of social relationships in the real world and virtual reality. Furthermore, it contains the fundamental training program designed to minimize the risks of the virtual reality, because adolescents are often exposed to risks uncontrollably. For that reason it focuses on adolescent and empowering optimal self-image, as well as creating and maintaining real social networks. The set of experiential-educational activities is conceptually divided into two main areas. The first one is content-focused on the adolescent, his/her psychological capability including opinions, attitudes, emotions, competences, and self-reflection. The second one focuses on interpersonal real and virtual relationships, the recognition of the advantages and disadvantages of internet communication and face-to-face interaction, and last but not least for more optimal use of the Internet and preference for real social interaction.

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Lukáš Šutor

Len vlastným interpretačným rozvíjaním spoločného svetového dedičstva a poukazovaním na jedinečnosť nášho slovesného folklóru môžeme prispieť do medzinárodného diskurzu. Cesta k „svetovosti“ vedie cez zachovanie domácej bádateľskej a materiálovej autentickosti. Myslíme tu najmä na špecifické postavenie slovenskej ľudovej prózy v rámci strednej Európy, v ktorej sa zbiehajú viaceré tradície, no najmä na starobylosť našich čarodejných príbehov. Tá je pre nás pri uvažovaní o ich prepojení s ostatnými nerozprávkovými archaickými žánrami rozhodujúca.

Hlásime sa k interpretačnému prístupu, ktorého cieľom je hľadanie významu. Kladieme si otázky, prečo je hlavným nepriateľom hrdinu stará ženská démonická bytosť; prečo chodí hrdina za slnkom a prečo do podsvetia? A najmä, ktoré kultúrnohistorické procesy môžeme za týmito medzižánrovými témami identifikovať. Metóda otvorenej interpretácie by mala podľa nás pripúšťať aj iné typy pohľadov, ktoré nemusia automaticky znamenať nesprávne uvažovanie alebo chybné závery, nemala by sa uzatvárať do neomylnosti, ale rešpektovať široké pole semiosféry kľúčových kultúrnych komunikátov. Súčasné prístupy uprednostňujú skôr pluralitný pohľad, zhrňujúci viacero teórií, škôl či celých odborov. Aj v týchto prístupoch však vždy tkvie zrnko vlastného autorského pohľadu, ktoré je pre nás cenné. V prípade folklórnych príbehov nemôžeme očakávať, že o nich v jednej perspektíve vypovieme všetko. Preto aj naše závery ponúkame skôr ako kúsky do mozaiky názorov, ktoré k danej problematike už odzneli a ešte určite odznejú, dúfajúc len, že tým prispejeme k celistvejšiemu obrazu.

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Mária Rašiová

Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Academic textbook: Selected Chapters from Angiology is devoted to the most common vascular diseases that the angiologist encounters on a daily basis.

Dilated artery diseases (abdominal aortic aneurysm), as well as stenotizing diseases of peripheral arteries, are described. Diseases such as deep vein thrombosis, thrombophlebitis and chronic venous insufficiency are discussed in the venous vascular system section. I also deal with the most common lymphatic vascular system disease ˗ lymphoedema.

In the individual chapters the risk factors of the diseases, symptoms and signs, diagnostics, treatment modalities (pharmacological therapy, endovascular therapy, angiosurgical therapy) and possible complications of the therapy are briefly analyzed.

My priority was to present the information in a logical, interesting and comprehensible form for students and for common clinical practice.

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Marcela Gbúrová-Daniel Dobiaš-Jana Šutajová-Gabriel Eštok-Ján Ruman-Tomáš Dvorský

Research Into Correlations Between Deformations of Political Awareness and the Increase of Political Extremism Among Secondary School Students in the Košice Self-governing Region and the Prešov Self-governing Region The issue of political extremism has a relatively long research period, and it should be emphasised that, especially in the recent period, it has received increased attention in the political science community not just in Slovakia but also abroad. Given the specifics of this anti-democratic form of political discourse, which has not only explicit forms, but also highly sophisticated manifestations against democracy (extremism of the centre, or centrist extremism), it is also addressed by experts of other humanities and social disciplines: history, psychology, anthropology, sociology, etc. The common interest of this professional community is both to analyse different forms of extremist discourses and narratives, to search for national specificities of extremism that are anchored in their historical, social and cultural contexts, but at the same time to reveal transnational extremist influences within a globalizing world and to propose evidence-based strategies to counter extremist discourses.

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Utilising Foreign Experience for Reforms in the Slovak Republic

Stanislav Konečný

The topic of our research task of the same name VEGA 1/0757/17 was based on the question – and was likewise defined in its approved project – how public administration as one of the providers of public services can act as efficiently as possible in favour of making these services available from the aspect (place of permanent residence) of the citizen. This can be done with a certain optimality in the structure of public administration, primarily at the local, but also at the supra-local, e.g. regional, level. If, for example, the settlement structure is too disintegrated, or conversely the regional structure is too aggregated (or even too fragmented), various alternative solutions must be sought that are rational and optimal for satisfying citizens and that will not waste public resources. In this, it is also questionable how the system of state administration authorities and local government authorities is reflected in this structure (in the case of known differences in their operation in both these regimes, or in a regime of delegated performance of state administration), including the conditions of funding these services as public services.

This level of the issue relates not just to competences in the field of social assistance, as sometimes emphasised in Slovakia, but relates to all competences that the state delegates to local government. The delegation of competences means not just the amendment of a law, but also creating conditions for its efficient application for which it is necessary that municipalities or regions perform delegated competences for a certain territory (e.g. for an appropriate number of inhabitants) (Bodnárová - Džambazovič 2011, pp. 20-21), or as M. Jílek (2008, p. 39) writes “an optimal number of citizens of a territorial self-government authority for a given quantity of goods provided will be determined by the maximum positive difference between total utility from consumption per person and total costs for providing the goods per person”. The requirement that municipalities and regions have available a public services infrastructure (Dušek 2016) must thus be confronted with certain capacity possibilities and efficiently and appropriately assessed by the need for various public services in relation to the territorial unit for which the infrastructure is to provide these services.

In terms of economic decentralisation, or fiscal federalism, this concerns the wellknown Oates decentralisation theorem, according to which any public service should be provided by a unit governing the smallest possible geographical area in which the costs and utility of the provided service can be internalised (Oates 1999), whereby the author very clearly highlighted the efficiency limits of decentralisation. This was something that was largely disregarded in Slovakia and surrounding countries at the start of the 1990s, with political arguments dominating (to bring the exercise of public power closer to the citizen).

It would thus be possible by means of economic modelling to determine normatively the most suitable size of units for each kind of public service, assuming that for various public services we would arrive at different sizes of these units for different public services – in the end some optimising compromise would still have to be found in order for there to be a meaningful, but in particular, realistic and applicable structure of these units in practice. We chose a different, non-normative approach, an empirical and analytical approach, characteristic (together with a comparison method) for public policy theory. It is based in general on the fact that we compared actually existing units operating as public service providers in various countries, and in this comparison we attempted to identify the limits of their efficient functionality. The benefit of this approach, in contrast to the previous normative approach, is that the solution offered is tangibly available in existing practice and is not simply a theoretical (calculated) concept.

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Anna Čepelová

The non-conference collection of scientific papers "Quality of life of citizens - challenges, determinants and solutions II." presents the current state and possible trends in improving the quality of life of citizens in the post-covid period. The authors of the papers processed a whole range of information that focuses on the use of smart technologies in the conditions of contemporary society. The published outputs are thematically focused on the following areas: determinants affecting the quality of life of citizens, legislative changes as a solution tool impacts of the pandemic on quality of life, quality of life of citizens and social exclusion, smart technologies as a tool influencing the quality of separate waste collection, use of smart technologies in healthcare provision, use of artificial intelligence in social life.

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Elena Lazoríková, Adrián Popovič, Anna Románová

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Gabriel Koľvek

Tento učebný text je zameraný na najčastejšie ochorenia obličiek detského veku. Venuje sa vybraným vrodeným (ako napr. vrodené anomálie obličiek a močových ciest) ako aj získaným ochoreniam obličiek (infekcie močových ciest, nefrotický syndróm, hemolyticko-uremický syndróm a ďalšie), ktoré sú opísané komplexne od epidemiológie, patofyziológie, cez klinický obraz, diagnostiku až po liečbu a prognózu. Texty zahŕňajú najnovšie diagnostické a terapeutické postupy opierajúce sa o recetné vedecké poznatky. Informácie uvedené v texte môžu významne pomôcť k úspešnému absolvovaniu štátnej skúšky z predmetu Pediatria. Text je starostlivo vybraný a rozsah kondenzovaný tak, aby vyhovoval predovšetkým potrebám pregraduálneho štúdia a zároveň dopĺňal vedomosti a skúsenosti získané na prednáškach a praktických cvičeniach. Učebnica tiež poskytuje základné informácie pre lekárov v špecializačnej príprave.

Anna Čepelová • Tomáš Alman (eds.)

Recenzovaný zborník príspevkov zo 6. ročníka medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie doktorandov, ktorá sa uskutočnila dňa 19. marca 2021 (online prostredníctvom MS Teams).

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Alexander Bröstl - Marta Breichová Lapčáková (eds.)

Collection of papers from session of the slovak section of the IVR

In accordance with its name, the collection is devoted to three framework areas consisting of the rule of law, justice and the future of democracy, reflecting the focus of the 31st World Congress of the International Association for the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (IVR). Published contributions of the slovak section of the IVR are devoted to the present questions of the rule of law in relation to the democratic legal state. Principles of the rule of law and present questions connected to the democratic character of the Slovak republic, including the democratic procedures on the local level, are juxtaposed with shifts on the international and global scene. Individual contributions are thus devoted to the technical and biotechnological challenges of contemporary democracy, the manifestation of game theory in the search for consensus in collegial judicial bodies, or to the concept of loyal opposition in the ongoing judicial dialogue surrounding the application of law in the european legal space. Space is also devoted to the universal questions of the nature of legal science, and to the present and future of the rule of law. The collection thus goes beyond the borders of the slovak legal space and aims to understand current trends in a broader context.

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Vladimír Lichner - Dušan Šlosár

The scientific monograph focuses on the issue of adolescent risk behaviors on the internet in the form of its problematic use in the context of valid theories and practices of a social work. Text of the monograph is divided into four parts. The first part focuses on the multidisciplinary definition of a risk behavior on the internet. It offers an up-to-date literary overview of the issue through the latest, especially foreign, theoretical knowledge. The second part focuses on the problematic use of the internet in contexts of valid origins of the social work. The third part focuses on the presentation of the most important psychosocial factors correlating with the problematic internet use in the adolescent´s group. The theoretical knowledge is supplemented by the authors research into the present factors. The final part is application-oriented and focuses on the possibilities that the social work offers at the praxis level to prevent and solve the presented problems.

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Tomáš Dvorský • Lucia Laczkó • Katarína Lörincová (eds.)

The collection of articles from the VIII. International Scientific Conference for Students and Young Scientists, organized by the Department of Political Science of the Faculty of Arts of the Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, in cooperation with the Res Publica Civic Association the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, held on 16 May 2019 in Košice.

The aim of this publication, entitled Slovakia-Europe-World, is to point out a complex of diverse topics that are actual in the world, in Europe and in the Slovak republic.

The publication consists of 15 articles, which are primarily written in Slovak. The individual contributions deal with selected topics and aspects of national and foreign policy.

The topics of the articles are human rights, freedom of expression, the rise of religiously motivated nationalism, the issue of unemployment, parliamentary elections and election research. The publication also contains contributions focused on topics in the field of environmental policy, cultural policy or migration policy.

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Jaroslava Kopčáková

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Mária Fedorčáková, Miriama Filčáková (eds.)

The theme of the conference proceedings is the issue of sources, their interpretation and use of current digital technologies in their research and access. The proceedings constit of 7 papers by authors working in Slovak and Czech universities. The digitisation of seals is the subject of the paper by Barbora Borůvková. Michael Dudzik deals with the problem of building the road network in modern France and written and cartographic sources. Trends of digitization in Slovak archives and their perception by researchers are elaborated by in Miriama Fialkovičová´s study. Miriama Filčáková dealt with sources on the history of tertiary education in Košice in connection with the establishment of the UPJŠ. The possibilities of researching sources on the electrification of Slovakia are dealt with in the study by Dominik Hrtus. Ondrej Šály in his paper treated the letters of serfs in the 18th century as a source for economic history. Vavrinec Žeňuch discusses the possibilities of researching the eclesiastical history of the Uh county in the modern period.

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Rastislav Varga

Posun doménových stien vo feromagnetických materiáloch sa využíva v rôznych magnetických zariadeniach na uchovávanie, spracovanie alebo prenos signálov a informácií. Ide hlavne o jadrá transformátorov, rôzne senzory, pamäťové zariadenia (napr. HDD v PC) ako aj moderné spintronické zariadenia ako sú Racetrack pamäte, elektronika na báze pohybu doménových stien a pod. Táto kniha má slúži ako učebnica pre pokročilejšie kurzy v oblasti magnetických materiálov. Je určená hlavne študentom, ktorí javia záujem o štúdium magnetických materiálov, ako aj odborníkom z rôznych oblastí, ktorí by chceli pochopiť základy doménovej štruktúry a jej zmeny. Je členená do deviatich kapitol. V prvej kapitole sa zaoberá stručnou históriou štúdia doménovej štruktúry v magnetických materiáloch. Druhá kapitola poskytuje úvod do príčin a prejavov magnetických anizotropií. Tretia a štvrtá kapitola sú venované príčinám vzniku doménovej štruktúry a doménovej steny. V piatej kapitole je rozobratá štruktúra doménovej steny, jej potenciál a kritické pole potrebné na pohyb doménovej steny. Šiesta kapitola je venovaná premagnetizačným procesom, z ktorých jeden - pohyb doménovej steny je podrobne preberaný v kapitole 7. Ôsma kapitola obsahuje teoretické riešenie pohybu doménovej steny. Posledná deviata kapitola predstavuje moderný spôsob pohybu doménovej steny, ktorý je indukovaný elektrickým prúdom. Predkladaná práca predpokladá u čitateľa aspoň základné znalosti z oblasti magnetizmu. V opačnom prípade ho autor odkazuje na základnú literatúru (napr. [2.1 -2.6]).

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