Surgery

E-book

Peter Berek

With the development of endovascular surgery, there is a gradual advancement in ACI stenting. The minimally invasive approach has made this methodology suitable for patients with serious concomitant cardiac or pulmonary diseases. Another advantage compared to surgical treatment was better access to the ICA in patients after radiotherapy, after previous neck surgeries, as well as in patients with stenoses close to the skull base.

The comparison of CEA vs CAS is an interesting and debatable topic in many studies. However, despite the massive global development of endovascular treatment, carotid endarterectomy remains the gold standard for treating ICA stenosis in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. In this monograph, we would like to accentuate and systematize the issue of surgical stroke prevention from the perspective of a vascular surgeon.

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Tomáš Toporcer - Adrián Kolesár

The textbook "Heart surgery for medics" was created in response to repeated requests from students of the Faculty of Medicine P.J.Šafárik University, for the surgery state exam study material. In terms of content, the text corresponds to the required knowledges in cardiac surgery, needed to pass the state exam in surgery. Orientation in the issue of cardiac surgery is not only necessary for students whose specialization will be closely related to the given field. Basic knowledge of cardiac surgery is necessary for every medical faculty graduate. Knowing the treatment options, but also the possible complications of individual cardiac surgical procedures, is necessary for most medical specialties. Only by mastering the basics of each medical field can the patient be properly, adequately and modernly managed.

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Mária Frankovičová - Jana Kaťuchová

Dear readers and students,

The book “Surgery for Medical Students“ is a textbook intended to be used by those studying at medical faculties and in other healthcare fields. In this textbook, the authors, encompassing all surgical specialties, have tried to provide the reader with a holistic context of the study material intended to be used in preparation for the state exam from surgery. I thank all the co-authors for their willingness and cooperation. To the students I hope you have a pleasant time reading and studying the book.

Prof. MUDr. Mária Frankovičová, PhD

Jan Novotný - Pavel Vítek - Zdeněk Kleibl a kolektív

Monografie si klade za cíl informovat odbornou veřejnost o nejnovějších teoretických i klinických poznatcích v prudce se rozvíjejícím oboru klinické onkologie. V novém vydání byla přepracována a rozšířena preklinická část knihy – pokrývá všechny oblasti molekulární onkologie, které je zapotřebí znát pro hlubší pochopení příčin vzniku, šíření nádorů i jejich odpovědi na protinádorovou léčbu. Samostatné kapitoly jsou věnovány tkáňové homeostáze a jejím poruchám v tumorogenezi, mechanismům kancerogeneze, poruchám intracelulární signalizace, poruchám nádorového mikroprostředí, procesu angiogeneze a metastazování. Kniha též reaguje na pokrok v oblasti nádorové imunoterapie. Teoretická část knihy dále obsahuje významné farmakologické kapitoly, které čtenáře seznámí s problematikou eliminace protinádorových léků a s významem lékových interakcí i s metodikou klinických studií.
Ve druhé části se čtenář setká s rešeršním zpracováním diagnostiky a léčby základních diagnóz, které syntetizuje poznatky klinické a radiační onkologie, a umožňuje tak lékaři provést po přečtení krátkého textu kvalifikované rozhodnutí u konkrétního nemocného. Orientace v knize je usnadněna logickým řazením jednotlivých diagnóz ve shodě s aktuální verzí Mezinárodní klasifikace nemocí. TNM klasifikace je u všech diagnóz uvedena samozřejmě ta nejnovější, osmá.
Ve třetí části knihy jsou zpracována doporučení k provádění podpůrné léčby klinicky nejvýznamnějších nežádoucích účinků a častých symptomů doprovázejících onkologická onemocnění (bolest, nevolnost a zvracení, poruchy kostního metabolismu, anémie, febrilní neutropenie, kardiotoxicita, nefrotoxicita a urotoxicita či kožní toxicita). Nově přibyla také kapitola o terapii maligního ascitu.
Je pomocníkem především onkologům, internistům a chirurgům, kteří se denně setkávají s pacienty se zhoubnými nádory, v jejichž diagnostice a léčbě musí provádět řadu zásadních komplikovaných rozhodnutí.

E-book

Peter Berek

University scripts “Visceral pathology of vascular origin“analyze one of the most challenging vascular regions, the aorta and the visceral aortic branches, from the surgical perspective. The diagnostic and the treatment aneurysms of the abdominal aorta are dedicated to the first chapter. Early diagnostic and operative treatment is crucial in the treatment of ruptured aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Shortening of the interval between the patient’s arrival with ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta into the hospital and the beginning of the operation decreased the perioperative mortality. This shortening, together with the use of the cell savers, led to the dropping of perioperative mortality from 50% to 20%. The diagnostics and surgical treatment of the acute and chronic occlusion of the aorta and iliac arteries are analyzed in the second chapter. In this chapter, the focus is given to the aortobifemoral bypass as “the gold standard“ of the surgical therapy of aortoiliac atherosclerosis. The management of acute mesenteric ischemia is the content of the third chapter. Acute mesenteric ischemia is a severe condition with high mortality. The problem of acute mesenterial ischemia is a delayed diagnostic that is the reason for poor therapeutical outcomes of the disease. The possible imagine studies and operations used in treating acute mesenteric ischemia are brought in this chapter. Chronic mesenteric ischemia leads to cachexia. The diagnosis of chronic mesenterial ischemia is one of the most demanding, and surgical therapy used in the treatment of chronic mesenterial ischemia also belongs to the most challenging operations. Left-sided colon ischemia belongs to the severe complications of the aortoiliac reconstructions. Left-sided colon ischemia has a high mortality. In the prevention of the left-sided colon, ischemia is preserving at least one internal iliac artery. The complex diagnostics treatment of intraabdominal compressive syndromes as Dunbar syndróme, „Nutcracker“ syndróme a Wilkie syndróme, analyzed in the last chapter.

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Erik Dosedla

A uterine scar is currently a significant medical problem. Uterine scars most commonly occur after a Cesarean section, which is one of the most frequent laparotomic surgeries (Yazicioglu et al., 2006). The frequency of Cesarean sections increased between 1990 and 2014 in the USA from 21.2% to 32.2% (Hamilton et al., 2015), in Great Britain from 12% to 26.2% (NHS Maternity Statistics - England, 2013-14: Summary Report, 2015), and in the Slovak Republic from 8.7% to 31% (Národné centrum zdravotníckych informácii, 2016).

After a Cesarean section (CS), there is a risk of abnormal healing of the uterotomic wound, which can result in the development of certain pathological conditions in consecutive pregnancies (uterine rupture, ectopic pregnancy in the Cesarean scar, placental disorders) (Seow et al., 2004; Oyelese and Smulian, 2006; Fitzpatrick et al., 2012). In addition, a defect in the Cesarean scar is associated with chronic dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and postmenstrual spotting (Wang et al., 2009; Bij de Vaate et al., 2011).

Ultrasound is a valuable examination method in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these pathological conditions.

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Erik Dosedla

Laparoscopic surgical techniques are among the most frequently performed operations today. Throughout their short history, they have undergone many modifications, mainly related to miniaturization and the development of computer technology. The rapid development of laparoscopy over the last twenty years has led to changes in the indications, with minimally invasive procedures gradually replacing standard classical procedures.

Laparoscopic surgery offers significant benefits to the patient, but it also increases the demands on the surgical team.

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