Biochemistry

 Eva Ďurovcová - Mária Mareková 

The presented textbook is intended for students of general medicine and should support their knowledge about indication and interpretation of basic biochemical tests. Clinical biochemistry continues to be one of the most rapidly advancing areas of laboratory medicine, which in line with using of modern technology more and more emphasizes the evidence-based medicine in order to improve diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Selected topics have an ambition to outline and explain the most common issues of biochemical diagnosis of in internal medicine. Individual chapters are devoted to disorders of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, kidney and liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and biomarkers used in the diagnosis of cardiac necrosis and heart failure. Given the limited range, the textbook merely summarizes the basic knowledge that students have obtained during the study of other subjects, such as medical biochemistry, pathophysiology and internal medicine, and emphasis is given to laboratory diagnosis in accordance with the newer guidelines of professional societies. We hope that the textbook will be helpful in the study of clinical subjects and encourage students' interest in laboratory medicine.

Authors

Mária Mareková a kol. 

Medical biochemistry is integral parts of basic theoretic knowledge of contemporary graduate at medical faculties. This textbook intends to help the undergraduate students of study branches General Medicine and Dental Medicine for the course of “Medical Biochemistry”. It is structured into 10 chapters concerning several topics: enzymology, cells membrane, metabolism, biochemistry of blood and organs, as well as some parts of clinical biochemistry.

The theoretical knowledge of this subject, which student obtains in the lectures, is verified in laboratory practices and is expanded in seminaries. Our selection of topics makes the text especially appropriate for medical students and managing of problems gives the students satisfactory ground for effective study of medical biochemistry and other related study subjects (e.g. clinical biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology) in the sense of comprehension of relative continuity and interdependence of biochemical process or their function respectively.

Since the textbook brings only the skeleton survey on the biochemical problematic concerning medicine, students should broaden presented facts by additional study from lectures and/or from other sources. We expect this study literature to serve as a basic study material for mentioned medical study branches for preparation to written part of exam from “Medical Biochemistry”.

Authors

Mária Mareková a kol.

Predkladaná vysokoškolská učebnica predstavuje základy biochémie a je určená predovšetkým pre bakalárske  študijné programy (napr. ošetrovateľstvo, fyzioterapia, verejné zdravotníctvo). Vysokoškolská učebnica predstavuje zjednodušenú alternatívu lekárskej biochémie a je svojím obsahom aj rozsahom vhodná pre študentov nelekárskych študijných odborov. Okrem priblíženia základných metabolických dejov prebiehajúcich v organizme človeka, ponúka aj stručný prehľad klinicko-biochemických parametrov štandardne vyšetrovaných pri podozrení na ich poruchy. Snaží sa poskytnúť študentom, predovšetkým zdravotníckych študijných programov, základy lekárskej a klinickej biochémie a oboznámiť ich s najčastejšie používanými metódami v biochemickom laboratóriu v primeranom rozsahu. Chce prispieť k prehĺbeniu vedomostí o metabolizme zdravého, ale i chorého človeka, resp. o klinicko-biochemických diagnostických postupoch a laboratórnych vyšetreniach a vzbudiť záujem o ďalšie vzdelávanie. Budeme radi, ak poslúži nielen ako príprava na skúšku, ale bude inšpiráciou napr. pre realizáciu diplomových prác zameraných na vedecko-výskumnú oblasť klinickej biochémie či laboratórnej medicíny. 

Autorky

E-book

Marek Stupák et al.

A well-known proverb says: "It is better to see once than to hear a hundred times." With this in mind, the electronic version of the teaching materials has been designed, as we are convinced that practical laboratory experience is irreplaceable and still holds its significance in university studies.

In the provided teaching texts, you will find a set of experiments that complement and help better understand the theoretical knowledge gained through self-study as well as lectures in an appropriate manner. Additionally, this e-version allows students, after printing and subsequently completing individual tables, observations, and conclusions, to submit them as a laboratory report that confirms they have successfully mastered the assigned tasks.

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Mária Mareková  et al.

Predmet Lekárska biochémia plní v medicínskom štúdiu nezastupiteľnú úlohu, naučiť študentov vnímať prirodzené, fyziologické, ako aj chorobné procesy v organizme ako deje odohrávajúce sa na molekulovej úrovni. Na rozlíšenie patologických pochodov od normálnych je potrebné zvládnuť a pochopiť zmysel obrovského množstva biochemických reakcií prebiehajúcich v bunke (bunkový metabolizmus). Osvojenie si týchto faktov je hlavným cieľom predmetu Lekárska biochémia, ktorého zvládnutie je dobrým základom pre štúdium patobiochémie, fyziológie a klinickej biochémie, ako aj mnohých ďalších odborných predmetov medicínskeho štúdia. Pre lepšie zvládnutie a pochopenie biochemických procesov sme pre študentov pripravili vysokoškolskú učebnicu „Lekárska biochémia – Semináre“, ktorá poskytuje študentom okrem teoretických úvodov aj prehľadné schémy procesov a mnoho otázok, vypracovanie ktorých by malo študentom uľahčiť prípravu na skúšku.

Vladimíra Tomečková

Nature, as well as the human body, contains an abundant quantity of organic molecules. This textbook describes selected oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen derivatives of hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds of their reactions, which are important in the human body or are found in pharmaceutical active substances, poisons, foodstuffs and heat-treated food. The last part of the textbook describes the isomerism of organic compounds, which enables dynamic changes in the structure of molecules that have different properties. Nature is filled with different plants and animals and is the first laboratory to produce bioactive organic natural compounds. These compounds are compatible with human cells and are applicable as therapeutic medicine. There is an effort to reproduce natural molecules in chemical laboratories, but they cannot be as perfect as the natural ones. Synthetic molecules can serve as a model for multiple studies, but there still does not exist a magic panacea pill or a perfect copy of nature, for the treatment of various diseases. Knowledge about the regenerative and toxic effect of medicinal substances in dependence on their structure (type and number of substituents) is very important for the understanding of their role in modulation of health and disease in dependence on their concentration. Compounds can be used daily only in recommended doses (higher doses can be toxic), but still will not replace a healthy diet. People need a varied diet to be healthy, in which are all necessary nutrients, what Hippocrates demonstrated long ago “Let food be the medicine, and let medicine be the food.” This book is written for students who select bioorganic chemistry subject during the study of general medicine or dentistry as well as for motivated students who would like to practice their knowledge and wish to improve in this subject and for students who would like to learn simplified basic organic reactions with their future application in biochemistry. Learn the simple models mainly through creative simple instruction by using different colours, by repetition, practice by drawing of formulas by hand (at least three times) and memorization of common names of compounds and their reactions which have application in biochemistry. Thus, establishing simple educational methods how to distinguish organic molecules according to the colours of a functional group can promote universal learning for all students who thought that chemistry is a difficult subject, but hopefully they change their opinion after study of this book.

Keywords: organic molecules, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen derivatives of hydrocarbons, heterocyclic compounds, chemical reactions, isomerism of organic compounds

Jozef Turay

Hlavný rizikový faktor v etiopatogenéze aterosklerózy a jej komplikácií je dyslipoproteinémia. Zmenený metabolizmus lipoproteínov aktivuje obranný systém organizmu, zasahuje do koagulácie a provokuje endoteliálne bunky cievnej steny k zmenenej metabolickej aktivite. Liečba dyslipoproteinémií je jedným zo základných kameňov v primárnej a sekundárnej prevencii koronárnych chorôb, cerebrovaskulárnych chorôb a ochorení periférnych ciev. Statíny ovplyvňujúce dyslipoproteinémie sú treťou najúspešnejšou skupinou liekov po objavení penicilínu a kyseliny acetylosalicylovej (aspirínu)v dejinách farmakoterapie. Ateroskleróza, ktorá postihuje artérie je, multifaktoriálne ochorenie determinované rizikovými faktormi, ktoré v industrializovaných krajinách spúšťajú lavínu šírenia aterosklerotických komplikácií. Preto úprava lipoproteínového spektra je základom prevencie rozvoja aterosklerózy a jej komplikácií.

Táto monografia má byť východiskom zo spleti informácií, ktoré sa dostávajú k lekárovi z elektronických informačných systémov. Má priviesť čitateľa k praktickej aplikácii nových poznatkov z patogenézy, diagnostiky a liečby dyslipoproteinémií, ktoré zohrávajú kľúčovú úlohu v procese rozvoja aterosklerózy, resp. jej regresie.

Kniha je určená širokému spektru lekárov, ale predovšetkým kardiológom, diabetológom, klinickým biochemikom a všeobecným lekárom.

E-book

Gabriel Žoldák

The textbook is intended as background material for university students and for education in science, biotechnology, and medicine. During the textbook conception, the emphasis was on recent trends and development in the understanding of the physicochemical properties of immunoglobulins.

The textbook is divided into ten chapters and 294 pages dealing with the following topics: Immune system and immunoglobulins, General properties of immunoglobulins, Chemical and proteolytic cleavage of immunoglobulins, Structure of immunoglobulins I, Structure of immunoglobulins II, Detection of immunoglobulins, Post-purification and purification immunoglobulin modifications, Immunoglobulin stability and aggregation, Therapeutic immunoglobulins. In addition to the summary of the established knowledge about the properties of immunoglobulins, the textbook also contains new information collected from recent scientific publications.

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E-book

Eva Ďurovcová - Mária Mareková

Clinical Biochemistry - selected chapters - MEFANET >>> 

After 7 years, we finally reworked the textbook on the subject of clinical biochemistry at UPJŠ FM in Košice. We have innovated information in accordance with recommendations of professional medical societies and added new chapters. As the scope of the subject is limited, the textbook does not cover all issues of biochemical diagnostics. It focuses on disorders of water-ion and acid-base balance disorders, and basic laboratory diagnostics of diseases of selected organs.

The textbook of clinical biochemistry has the ambition to become a practical aid for senior medical students and beginning doctors in the study of laboratory medicine. It should make it easier for them to orientate themselves in routinely used clinical-biochemical examinations and could form a springboard for a more detailed studying of laboratory methods and their use in diagnostic and monitoring algorithms.
Like any medical discipline, clinical biochemistry is evolving rapidly and gradually integrating with other areas of laboratory medicine. New diagnostic methods penetrate deeper into the essence of the biochemical mechanisms of the human body, and "omic" methods are gaining ground. It is almost sure that in a few years, laboratory examination looks quite different from today. If this publication quite hypothetically reaches its next edition, many chapters will need to updated, and new chapters written following the up-to-date status.
Authors thanks to their colleagues and reviewers for their professional comments and constructive criticism of the text - prof. Jaroslav Racek, MD, DrSc. from FM UK in Pilsen.
Authors thanks very kindly too prof. MUDr. Dušan Dobrota, CSc. (JFM UK Martin) and doc. MVDr. Zuzana Kostecká, PhD. (UVMP, Košice), who read and wrote review of this textbook.

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Marek Stupák et al.

Medical Chemistry presents an overview of the most important topics of general, organic and bioinorganic chemistry for students of General and Dental Medicine study programs. Its aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the subject Medical Chemistry and for understanding processes and chemical reactions which are taking place in the human body.

Each topic directly links chemical principles to the processes in living organisms and thus can help the students to clearly see the application of the presented information. Therefore, it also provides a good starting point for further study of Medical Biochemistry, for which the knowledge of these principles is necessary.

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Jan Koolman - Klaus-Heinrich Röhm

Biochemie člověka přehledně na 223 barevných schématech. Grafické znázornění je základem knihy – texty slouží především k rozšíření a doplnění legendy k vyobrazením. Autoři krátce uvádějí čtenáře do hlavní problematiky chemie a biochemie, zmiňují provázanost mezi chemickou strukturou a biologickou funkcí nebo patologickými procesy. V knize čtenář najde aktuální informace, vývoj a poznatky z oboru, strukturu důležitých molekul a mnohé další informace. Nejvíce místa je v tomto atlasu samozřejmě věnováno biochemii člověka, zahrnuje však i biochemii dalších živočichů, rostlin a mikroorganismů.

Didaktické přednosti, které je nutné ocenit:
* Efektivní poměr mezi barevnou grafikou a vysvětlujícím textem.
* Unifikované barevné zobrazení atomů, koenzymů, chemických tříd a buněčných organel, umožňující rychlou orientaci a pochopení ve všech zobrazených systémech.
* Moderní zobrazení mnoha důležitých molekul.
* Rychlé orientaci pomáhá barevné kódování a užití různých symbolů, vysvětlivky jsou umístěny na vnitřních stranách obálky.

O úspěšnosti knihy vypovídá i seznam předchozích vydání: české 2012; německé 1994, 1997, 2003, 2009; francouzské 1994, 1999, 2004, 2011; anglické 1996, 2004, 2012; japonské 1997, 2007, 2015; portugalské 2005, 2013; ruské 2000, 2017; řecké 1999, 2007; španělské 2004, 2012; turecké 2002, 2016; čínské 2008; indonéské 2002; italské 1997; korejské 2008; nizozemské 2004; polské 2005.