Applications of the Autonomic Nervous System in Clinical Practice

E-book

Kvetoslava Rimarová a kol.

Učebnica poskytuje komplexný a interdisciplinárny pohľad na problematiku humánnej výživy v kontexte verejného zdravotníctva, hygieny výživy a prevencie ochorení. Je koncipovaná ako základný aj rozširujúci študijný materiál pre študentov zdravotníckych, biomedicínskych a verejno-zdravotníckych odborov, ako aj pre odborníkov pôsobiacich v oblasti výživy, hygieny, potravinárstva a zdravotnej politiky. Publikácia systematicky pokrýva všetky kľúčové oblasti výživy človeka – od základných zložiek potravy (bielkoviny, sacharidy, tuky, vitamíny, minerálne látky), ich biologickej a energetickej hodnoty, cez odporúčané výživové dávky a tvorbu racionálneho jedálnička, až po hodnotenie nutričného stavu populácie. Osobitná pozornosť je venovaná antioxidantom, probiotikám a funkčným potravinám, ktoré predstavujú moderný a dynamicky sa rozvíjajúci segment výživovej vedy.

Učebnica reflektuje aktuálne trendy v stravovaní vrátane alternatívnych spôsobov výživy, prerušovaného pôstu, vysokoproteínových diét a konzumácie spracovaných a ultraprocesovaných potravín, pričom ich hodnotí z hľadiska vedeckých dôkazov, zdravotných prínosov aj rizík. Dôležitou súčasťou je problematika cudzorodých látok v potravinách, potravinárskych aditív a legislatívnych rámcov ich používania, ako aj význam pitnej vody, jej kvalita, úprava a zdravotné riziká spojené s kontamináciou. Publikácia sa venuje aj špecifickým oblastiam, ako sú alimentárne nákazy, výživa v jednotlivých vývinových obdobiach detí, nemocničné stravovanie a diétne systémy.

Praktickú hodnotu učebnice zvyšuje zaradenie metodicky spracovanej praktickej časti zameranej na mikrobiologické hodnotenie pokrmov rýchleho občerstvenia, založenej na reálnych dátach regionálnych úradov verejného zdravotníctva. Text je spracovaný prehľadne, s využitím tabuliek, obrázkov a aktuálnej odbornej literatúry, čo umožňuje čitateľovi nielen osvojenie teoretických poznatkov, ale aj ich aplikáciu v praxi. Učebnica predstavuje ucelený, moderný a vedecky podložený zdroj poznatkov o výžive ako jednom zo základných determinantov zdravia populácie.

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Andrea Madarasová Gecková - Daniela Husárová a kol.

The aim of this publication is to present the latest findings of the international study Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC), regarding the health and health-related behavior of school-aged children in Slovakia.After four years, it again brings information on various topics covering physical and mental health, nutritional behavior, leisure-time activities, use of psychoactive substances, within social environment of school-aged children, including family, school and peers. The publication also presents newfindings connected to objectively measured physical fitness of these children. Finally, data about school-aged children with special educational needs are also presented.The findings play an important role in understanding the needs of the new generation of adolescents and are an important source of information for all those who work with them, not only professionals but also parents.Last but not least, they are also beneficial for all stakeholders and institutions who participate in the preparing of policies and strategies focused on supporting the health of school-aged children.

E-book

Terézia Kisková - Stanislav Matéffy - Františka Horváthová

The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is one of the most commonly used experimental animals. It serves as a model organism for analyzing numerous biological processes and pathological mechanisms, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders (e.g., lipid metabolism, diabetes mellitus), neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions (e.g., stroke, epilepsy, or Alzheimer's disease), neurobehavioral research, autoimmune diseases (e.g., arthritis), cancer, and renal diseases. It offers many unique advantages for modeling human diseases, testing drugs and natural substances, and studying responses to environmental factors. The size of the laboratory rat, compared to the mouse, creates ideal conditions for physiological manipulations. Additionally, rats are used in clinical toxicology to test chemical substances (Hedrich, 2000).

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E-book

Marek Stupák et al.

A well-known proverb says: "It is better to see once than to hear a hundred times." With this in mind, the electronic version of the teaching materials has been designed, as we are convinced that practical laboratory experience is irreplaceable and still holds its significance in university studies.

In the provided teaching texts, you will find a set of experiments that complement and help better understand the theoretical knowledge gained through self-study as well as lectures in an appropriate manner. Additionally, this e-version allows students, after printing and subsequently completing individual tables, observations, and conclusions, to submit them as a laboratory report that confirms they have successfully mastered the assigned tasks.

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Alžbeta Blichárová a kolektív

“Pathology Part 1 (winter semester) - Practical lessons for students of dental medicine” represents the first half of the university textbook designed for the pregradual study of pathology. The textbook complements the lectures of pathology and serves as a source of information for students of dental medicine, that are preparing for the practical as well as the final oral examination.

In this part of the “Pathology” series, fifty-four selected histopathological slides are presented. Each selected slide is provided with general information in relation to etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, as well as with corresponding morphological features, including the gross appearance and the most important histopathological characteristics. The textbook summarizes the basic concepts of general pathology that are necessary to master the broad field of systemic pathology in the second semester.

 Eva Ďurovcová - Mária Mareková 

The presented textbook is intended for students of general medicine and should support their knowledge about indication and interpretation of basic biochemical tests. Clinical biochemistry continues to be one of the most rapidly advancing areas of laboratory medicine, which in line with using of modern technology more and more emphasizes the evidence-based medicine in order to improve diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Selected topics have an ambition to outline and explain the most common issues of biochemical diagnosis of in internal medicine. Individual chapters are devoted to disorders of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, kidney and liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and biomarkers used in the diagnosis of cardiac necrosis and heart failure. Given the limited range, the textbook merely summarizes the basic knowledge that students have obtained during the study of other subjects, such as medical biochemistry, pathophysiology and internal medicine, and emphasis is given to laboratory diagnosis in accordance with the newer guidelines of professional societies. We hope that the textbook will be helpful in the study of clinical subjects and encourage students' interest in laboratory medicine.

Authors

E-book

Peter Berek

University scripts “Visceral pathology of vascular origin“analyze one of the most challenging vascular regions, the aorta and the visceral aortic branches, from the surgical perspective. The diagnostic and the treatment aneurysms of the abdominal aorta are dedicated to the first chapter. Early diagnostic and operative treatment is crucial in the treatment of ruptured aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Shortening of the interval between the patient’s arrival with ruptured aneurysm of the abdominal aorta into the hospital and the beginning of the operation decreased the perioperative mortality. This shortening, together with the use of the cell savers, led to the dropping of perioperative mortality from 50% to 20%. The diagnostics and surgical treatment of the acute and chronic occlusion of the aorta and iliac arteries are analyzed in the second chapter. In this chapter, the focus is given to the aortobifemoral bypass as “the gold standard“ of the surgical therapy of aortoiliac atherosclerosis. The management of acute mesenteric ischemia is the content of the third chapter. Acute mesenteric ischemia is a severe condition with high mortality. The problem of acute mesenterial ischemia is a delayed diagnostic that is the reason for poor therapeutical outcomes of the disease. The possible imagine studies and operations used in treating acute mesenteric ischemia are brought in this chapter. Chronic mesenteric ischemia leads to cachexia. The diagnosis of chronic mesenterial ischemia is one of the most demanding, and surgical therapy used in the treatment of chronic mesenterial ischemia also belongs to the most challenging operations. Left-sided colon ischemia belongs to the severe complications of the aortoiliac reconstructions. Left-sided colon ischemia has a high mortality. In the prevention of the left-sided colon, ischemia is preserving at least one internal iliac artery. The complex diagnostics treatment of intraabdominal compressive syndromes as Dunbar syndróme, „Nutcracker“ syndróme a Wilkie syndróme, analyzed in the last chapter.

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Rastislav Dudič

Vysokoškolská učebnica je svojim rozsahom, obsahom, formou a spôsobom spracovania určená pre študentov bakalárskeho študijného programu Fyzioterapia. Je zameraná na získanie základných vedomostí z oblasti gynekológie a pôrodníctva.

Učebnica pozostáva z dvoch hlavných kapitol: vybrané kapitoly z gynekológie a vybrané kapitoly z pôrodníctva. Prvá kapitola je členená na 6 podkapitol. Autor v nich uvádza anatómiu ženských genitálií, základy gynekologického vyšetrenia, zápaly ženských pohlavných orgánov a sexuálne prenosné ochorenia. Záver prvej kapitoly je venovaný benígnym a malígnym nádorovým ochoreniam ženských genitálií. Druhá kapitola je členená tiež na 6 podkapitol, v ktorých autor sa venuje prenatálnej starostlivosti, uloženiu plodu v maternici, pôrodu, pridruženým ochoreniam v tehotenstve a potratom.

Učebnica je napísaná v rozsahu 83 strán. Uvedený text obsahuje 35 obrázkov, 9 tabuliek, zoznam skratiek a značiek a zoznam použitej literatúry. Autor cituje 35 prevažne zahraničných citácií.

E-book

Ján Mojžiš - Ladislav Mirossay -Andrej Miroššay (eds.)

This long-standing scientific conference continues its tradition of fostering collaboration, sharing knowledge, and supporting progress in the fields of pharmacology, pharmacy, toxicology, and biomedical sciences. The 2025 meeting brings together distinguished researchers, clinicians, educators, and students from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and beyond, united by a common goal—to advance our understanding of pharmacological science and improve human health.

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Mária Mareková a kol. 

Medical biochemistry is integral parts of basic theoretic knowledge of contemporary graduate at medical faculties. This textbook intends to help the undergraduate students of study branches General Medicine and Dental Medicine for the course of “Medical Biochemistry”. It is structured into 10 chapters concerning several topics: enzymology, cells membrane, metabolism, biochemistry of blood and organs, as well as some parts of clinical biochemistry.

The theoretical knowledge of this subject, which student obtains in the lectures, is verified in laboratory practices and is expanded in seminaries. Our selection of topics makes the text especially appropriate for medical students and managing of problems gives the students satisfactory ground for effective study of medical biochemistry and other related study subjects (e.g. clinical biochemistry, physiology, pathophysiology) in the sense of comprehension of relative continuity and interdependence of biochemical process or their function respectively.

Since the textbook brings only the skeleton survey on the biochemical problematic concerning medicine, students should broaden presented facts by additional study from lectures and/or from other sources. We expect this study literature to serve as a basic study material for mentioned medical study branches for preparation to written part of exam from “Medical Biochemistry”.

Authors

Jozef Kafka 

Otázky človeka, jeho bytia, násilie znepokojujú ľudí od najdávnejších čias ľudskej spoločnosti a sú nemalými problémami aj v prítomnosti. V tejto pôvodnej práci, ktorej predchádzali viaceré štúdie autora (najpodrobnejšie Kafka, 2002), sa zameriavam na opísanie násilia vo všetkých základných formách, čo je jednou z jej osobitostí. Podávam operačný výmer násilia:

Násilie je vedomá ľudská činnosť využívajúca ako prostriedok násilného činu fyzickú alebo psychickú silu na ovplyvnenie druhého človeka (pri pôsobení na seba ide o zvláštny prípad násilia), ktorý potom koná pod vplyvom tohto pôsobenia nedobrovoľne, z donútenia.

Nazdávam sa, že násilie charakterizuje určitá situácia, v ktorej sa stretávajú najmenej dvaja ľudia: aktér násilia a obeť násilia, alebo sa stretajú dvaja aktéri a jeden z nich sa zvyčajne stane obeťou. To je však osobitný prípad, ktorým sa teraz nebudem zaoberať. Ak je násilie zamerané proti vlastnej osobe, je aktér násilia súčasne aj obeťou. Aktér, ktorého osobnosť a motívy bývajú rôzne, začína násilný čin využívajúc pritom viaceré prostriedky a pôsobí nimi na druhého človeka, ktorého núti vykonávať svoju vôľu, čím sa tento stáva obeťou. Celý akt má určité následky. Napadnutý sa môže brániť tak, že násilie zvládne alebo to môže skončiť tragicky, keď násiliu podľahne. Táto relatívne jednoduchá reakcia sa stáva zložitejšou pri skupinovej forme násilia a celkom neprehľadnou pri hromadnom násilí.

Opisujem tieto základné formy násilia:

• - násilie proti vlastnej osobe vrátane samovraždy,
• - násilie individuálne, spôsobené jedným aktérom násilia,
• - násilie skupinové, charakterizované malými skupinami,
• - násilie hromadné alebo kolektívne medzi veľkými skupinami, vrátane vojen a revolúcií,
• - násilie proti neživej a živej prírode.

Práca končí krátkou analýzou liečby násilného správania a dôsledkov násilia s možnosťami jej prevencie. Opieram sa aj o vlastné skúsenosti s prejavmi násilia v psychiatrických zariadeniach. Nazdávam sa, že je to práca veľmi aktuálna, informatívna, ale aj pôvodná, lebo podáva v koncentrovanej podobe celý rozsiahly fenomén násilia s jeho základnými charakteristikami. Podobnú prácu v našej literatúre nemáme.

Autor

E-publikácia

Dorota Sopková

Forensic Medicine is a medical discipline that is concerned with determination of the cause of death in cases violent and non-violent deaths by performing an autopsy. It is based on morphological findings, which characterize the effects of various forms of violence, as well as pathological changes in various diseases. The presented textbook provides comprehensive and complete overview of the fundamental tasks and theoretical knowledge of the field of forensic medicine. Its aim is to provide a theoretical basis in the form of images of morphological autopsy findings for the study of the compulsory subject Forensic Medicine and Medical Law in the study programs General Medicine and Dentistry. The author emphasizes the necessity to understand the fundamentals of forensic medicine in every medical field and a multidisciplinary approach in clarifying medico-legal issues.

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Tatiana Muchová

Tieto učebné texty sú určené študentom lekárskych fakúlt, obsahuje základné poznatky z rádiológie.

Rádiologické zobrazovacie metódy prežívajú stále výrazný rozvoj vďaka prístrojovej technike, ktorá umožňuje zavádzať nové diagnostické metódy, ako sú USG vyšetrenia s kontrastnou látkou, špeciálne CT vyšetrenia...

Vďaka moderným prístrojom môžeme vykonávať rôzne intervenčné diagnostické aj terapeutické výkony, ako sú biopsie, drenáže...

Publikácia je rozdelená na všeobecnú a špeciálnu časť s následným delením podľa jednotlivých modalít a vyšetrovaných orgánov. 

E-book

Zuzana Dankulincová, Daniela Husárová

In the context of the deteriorating state of adolescent mental health, it is extremely important to optimize the existing mental health care system in Slovakia. There is still little comprehensive and coherent information about the functioning of the system and the process of providing assistance within professional care, its shortcomings or suggestions for improvement. This is not possible without a deep knowledge of the perspective and experiences of adolescents with mental problems themselves. The aim of this publication is therefore to present adolescents' views on the professional assistance provided as a result of experienced mental problems within the existing care system in Slovakia.

The findings from a qualitative study that focused on the views of young people themselves are presented. The chapters of the monograph capture their views on the perception of mental health problems in society, their experiences with identifying emerging problems and seeking professional help, and their experiences with the care process itself and its forms. They also capture their overall experience with both care and care providers, as well as with leaving care and its impacts in various areas. Finally, a view is presented of possible recommendations that could improve the mental health care provided from the adolescents' perspective.

This publication is intended primarily for all professionals working with adolescents with mental health problems in all branches of care, teachers and other educational staff who are in contact with them every day at school, and last but not least, all competent policy makers who care about the mental health of adolescents and have the power to improve the care provided to them.

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 Kvetoslava Rimárová 

The theme of the presented university textbook is a summary of selected basic knowledge of hygiene - environmental medicine. The script includes significant areas of environmental medicine as a science: the basics of environmental medicine, health and prevention issues of environmental health and risk assessment of potential exposure, the issue of air pollution, indoor pollution, problems of drinking water, the action of soil and solid waste, further issue of housing, nutrition and the impact of working conditions on health. Nutritional factors textbooks dealing with issues of rational nutrition, describe the individual components of nutrition, but also address the issue of food hygiene and the possibilities of foodborne infections. One chapter is also devoted to the impact of environmental conditions on health of children and youth. 

University textbook as a manuscript consists from 199 manuscript pages, is divided into 12 basic chapters, contains 36 citations in the literature.  In the Preface, the issue of categorization of diseases and define the basic concepts of health, prevention. Other chapters deal with the above selected chapters hygiene.

This university textbook comes as a basic university textbook for students of general  medicine in the English language, for students of bachelor's and master's studies  of medical schools - mainly bachelor's and master' program of  "Public health". Students of medicine and dentistry can also use these textbooks as an educational tool in the study of other subjects in the teaching of public health.

Autor

E-book

Martina Ružičková - Jozef Dragašek

 MEFANET 

Psychology is becoming increasingly important in people's lives. It is significant to research human behaviour and how people interact with their environment, as well as how they develop physically, mentally, emotionally, and socially. A rising number of people have been both physically and mentally harmed in recent years as a result of cognitive, emotional, or behavioural disorders.

It was determined that a study book on psychology for medical students was required. Presented study book Psychology in Medicine gives students a fundamental insight into patients´ behaviour in general, and demonstrates the role of psychology in relieving health concerns in particular. It includes topics of medical psychology and clinical psychology that are applied in health care. The chapters address the basic principles of human behaviour, communication between patients and physicians, personality psychology, psychodiagnostic techniques, psychotherapy treatment, abnormal psychology, dealing with stressful events and physical illnesses. The study textbook also emphasises the importance of good mental health and self-care in a doctor's practise.

There is a hope that this book will provide both a source of information and inspiration for doctors and all health care professionals.