History (e-books)

E-book
Mikuláš Jančura Maroš Melichárek (eds.)
This conference textbook is published as the output of the 13th annual Student Scientific Conference held in December 2025. The Student Scientific Conference is a selective course included in the curricula of the Department of History at the Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice (FF UPJŠ), which has been organized since 2011. Its primary objective is to provide a platform for Bachelor’s and Master’s students to present fragments of their primary research conducted during the preparation of their final theses. The aim of these proceedings is not only to publish these thematically diverse texts but also to demonstrate a commitment to above-standard pedagogical activities and to provide benefit to university studies. This is reflected, on the one hand, in the form of a published output and, on the other, in the motivation it provides for students to actively participate in the event. This year's volume contains twelve texts with a chronological scope ranging from Antiquity to 20th-century history. Thematically, it covers a broad spectrum, from political and economic to cultural history. A specific feature of this volume is the inclusion of four international papers by students from the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw and Charles University in Prague. Their participation in the conference is the result of established cooperation based on the Erasmus+ Blended Intensive Programme (BIP), which took place in Košice from October 13 to October 17, 2025.
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Štefan Šutaj - Jana Šutajová

The population exchange between Czechoslovakia and Hungary was carried out on the basis of the Agreement on the Exchange of Populations between Czechoslovakia and Hungary, which was signed on February 27, 1946. Its adoption was not only part of Czechoslovak solutions to the status of national minorities, but also part of the strategic concept of building a state of Czechs and Slovaks without Germans and Hungarians.

The agreement was part of the postwar resolution of mutual disputes and misunderstandings and was intended to be one of the solutions that, in the postwar period, would eliminate a factor which, according to Czechoslovak political leaders, had caused the war conflict.

The population exchange between Czechoslovakia and Hungary was therefore not an isolated historical event, but part of migratory movements that had begun in Europe already after the First World War, and can be seen as a continuation of previous developments as part of migration patterns in Europe.

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Mikuláš Jančura - Maroš Melichárek (eds.)

The Student Scientific Conference is defined as a compulsory elective subject within the accredited study programs of the Department of History at the Faculty of Arts, UPJŠ. It was organized for the first time at the department in 2011.

The primary goal of this already traditional event is the presentation of partial results of student-authored research, primarily linked to selected factual parts or theoretical foundations of bachelor’s and master’s theses. This also explains the broad thematic spectrum of the internal content of each conference. Besides awarding credits for participation, the conference offers students a range of added values, which can be understood as its secondary objectives.

On this basis, as organizers, we considered it beneficial to qualitatively elevate the “round” anniversary edition of the Student Scientific Conference and give students the opportunity to publish their contributions. Within the submitted proceedings, 7 texts are published, of which 4 are from the bachelor’s level and 3 from the master’s level of study. The contributions cover a wider spectrum, mainly cultural-historical topics spanning from the Early Middle Ages to the second half of the 20th century, which also demonstrates the wide range of thesis topics processed at the department.

As organizers of the event, we have the ambition for publishing the proceedings to become as much a tradition as the Student Scientific Conference itself, as we consider this meaningful in relation to our work with students. Last but not least, we would like to express our gratitude to our colleague and friend Mgr. Henrich Hrehor, PhD., who has been the long-term main organizer and the “spiritual father” of the entire event since 2011. Thanks are also due to the head of the department for annual support and to the colleagues who undertook the reviewing of contributions within the submitted proceedings.

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Miriama Filčáková (ed.)

Proceedings of the 11th Scientific Conference of Young Historians, organized by the Department of History at the Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, in cooperation with the Slovak Historical Society at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, on October 19-20, 2021.

Currently, these histories are often presented as an extension of the history of science. The history of knowledge not only expands the boundaries of the history of science but also explores the boundaries between different forms of knowledge and ignorance. Just as studies of historical memory have expanded and complemented their interest in researching forgetting, the history of knowledge includes studies of ignorance. They focus on the change that has occurred over the past decades: from the sacralization of science and respect for professional knowledge to the rejection of science and constant questioning of professional knowledge, to which the history of knowledge must also respond. Findings as a product form the basis of human interactions and have their own past. What was the significance of knowledge and cognition in different historical periods? How did state power influence the development of knowledge and cognition? What can be considered knowledge in a particular historical era or culture? Finally, is there any human activity that cannot be considered knowledge?

Currently, in the field of the history of knowledge, a significant surge in research, publishing, and the emergence of new institutions can be observed. The eleventh doctoral conference—Meeting of Young Historians XI, organized by the Department of History at Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in cooperation with the Slovak Historical Society at the Slovak Academy of Sciences—will contribute to expanding the perspective on the past of knowledge and cognition. The conference, intended for Slovak and foreign doctoral students, aims to provide a space for presenting the latest results of scientific research, professional discussion, establishing contacts, developing cooperation, and exchanging experiences among the broader historical community. The starting point for the conference is a peer-reviewed proceedings volume consisting of publication outputs from active participants.

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Anna Tkáčová

The main topic of this publication is the Roma, their status, and life in Hungary, specifically in the Abov, Šariš, and Turnia counties in the second half of the 18th century, particularly according to the censuses conducted during the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II.

The work is divided into six chapters and fourteen subchapters. It contains three images, twenty-eight tables, and twenty-nine graphs. The introductory chapter deals with the state of research on the subject (i.e., the Roma in the second half of the 18th century) from 18th-century authors to contemporary authors who have dealt with or are still dealing with it.

In the first chapter, the author briefly mentions the Indian origin of the Roma, the social affiliation of the Roma ancestors, their departure from India, their migration until their arrival in Hungary, as well as the names given to the Roma by the surrounding world. It also mentions the first reports on the Roma in Hungary and in the territory of today's eastern Slovakia, as well as their status in Hungary until the first half of the 18th century. 

In the second chapter, the author touches on the life of the Roma in the Abov, Šariš, and Turnia counties in the light of archival materials from the second half of the 18th century and presents the administrative division of these counties during this period.

The third chapter discusses the royal decrees of the Enlightenment rulers Maria Theresa and Joseph II concerning the Roma and briefly describes the political situation and the resolution of socio-economic issues in Hungary in the second half of the 18th century.

The fourth chapter is devoted in detail to the censuses of the Roma in the Abov, Šariš, and Turnia counties during the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II, their objectives, characteristics, contributions, as well as their shortcomings, and presents the methodology of numerical and graphical processing of these censuses.

The fifth chapter contains a comprehensive graphical comparison and evaluation of the Roma censuses from all three counties. The overall findings about the life of the Roma in the Abov, Šariš, and Turnia counties are presented in the sixth, concluding chapter.

The main finding of this research is that the regulation of the Roma was carried out with only minimally successful (from the rulers' perspective) results, as the affected Roma families continued to roam both during and after the regulation. They practiced so-called "hidden roaming."

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