Zákony V. / 2026

E-book

Jozef Sábo

The monograph deals with two fundamental aspects concerning evaluation of evidence in the law. In the first part, the monograph addresses the question: „How it is possible to apply law in individual case, if human knowledge about past is objectively limited and flawed?“ (e.g. what is the nature of truth in the law?). The second part of the monograph identifies certain models of reasoning concerning factual questions which occur across different individual legal cases (especially tax cases and criminal cases). In that regard, the monograph draws from Anglo-American legal scholarship and deals with three main concepts concerning evaluation of evidence: argumentation, probability and narratives and their role in evaluation of evidence.

The monograph is the output of the grant project APVV no. 16-0160 which deals with the issue of tax evasion and tax avoidance (especially their motivating factors, emergence, and elimination). The author believes that better understanding of evaluation of evidence may contribute to the improvement in effectiveness of tax administration.

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E-book

Jana Šutajová

From January 1, 1969, the Constitutional Act on the Status of Nationalities in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (ČSSR) and the Constitutional Act on the Federation came into effect. The Constitutional Act on the Status of Nationalities represented at least a formal significant step forward in the legal regulation of minority rights. However, this law was intended to serve as a foundation for further legal adjustments. It was declared that additional steps and negotiations for the adoption of implementing regulations would follow and that further laws would be enacted at both the federal and national levels. Nevertheless, no additional law or government regulation related to the constitutional act on the status of nationalities in the ČSSR was ever issued.

During the normalization period, issues concerning further legislation related to national minorities were not addressed. However, in the brief period following the adoption of the constitutional act in 1968 until the end of 1969, some institutions attempted to prepare and promote such legal norms. One of these institutions was the Government Council of the Slovak Socialist Republic (SSR) for Nationalities (hereafter referred to as the Council or the Government Council for Nationalities). The monograph provides an insight into the development of additional legal norms arising from the constitutional act on the status of nationalities in the Slovak Socialist Republic, prepared by the Government Council of SSR for Nationalities. This council was one of the institutions established in Slovakia after the formation of the Czechoslovak federation and dealt with nationality issues.

In addressing further legal norms stemming from the constitutional act on nationalities in ČSSR, it was necessary to consider prior developments. Therefore, the first part of the monograph examines the status of minorities in Czechoslovakia before adopting the constitutional act, activities of nationalities preceding its adoption, and its enactment itself. Subsequent sections focus on institutional changes in SSR following federalization, the establishment of the Government Council of SSR for Nationalities, and specific actions taken by this Council and its expert bodies in drafting proposals for laws concerning nationalities in the Slovak Socialist Republic.

The motivation for writing this monograph stemmed from the fact that this topic has so far received attention only in a few studies in Slovakia, which primarily focused on the Hungarian minority during either the Prague Spring or normalization periods.

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Karol Rebro - Peter Blaho

Štvrté, doplnené a rozšírené vydanie koncepčne nadväzuje na doterajšie vydania a najmä sa nedotýka častí autorsky spracovaných Karolom Rebrom. Rozšírená je piata časť učebnice zameraná obsahovo na inštitúty vecného práva. Podstatným spôsobom je doplnený výklad o vecnom práve v celej jeho šírke vložením drobných úvah týkajúcich sa základných otázok rímskeho súkromného práva v oblasti vecnoprávnych vzťahov (ius in re). Miestami ide o nové spracovanie, miestami o rozšírenie poznatkov z danej matérie. V konkrétnostiach sa zväčšil rozsah v náuke o veciach (druhové a individuálne veci, prípadne zastupiteľné a nezastupiteľné veci), v náuke o držbe je novonačrtnutý problém držby ako faktu a držby ako práva, otázka „dobromyseľnej“ držby a rozšírenie výkladu o ochrane držby (interdiktná ochrana, posesórny a petitórny spor). V časti o vlastníckom práve došlo k precizovaniu druhov vlastníckeho práva, rozšírený je výklad o pôvodných spôsoboch nadobudnutia vlastníckeho práva, čím sa stal prehľadnejším. V náuke o vydržaní je upresnený problém dobromyseľnosti. Osobitnú pozornosť si zaslúžil výklad o tradícii doplnený o nové dôležité skutočnosti. Prepracovaný je ďalej výklad o reivindicatio a o postavení procesných strán v tomto súdnom spore, takisto aj actio negatoria a actio Publiciana. Úplne novým je zapracovanie pojmu vecné práva k cudzej veci (iura in re aliena) najmä v porovnaní s vlastníckym právom (iura in repropria). V náuke o záložnom práve sa zmeny týkajú podstaty a účelu rímskeho záložného práva, rozšírený je výklad o fidúcii a právnom postavení záložného veriteľa a záložného dlžníka k založenej veci. Napokon pribudol register latinských právnych pravidiel uvedených v texte učebnice.

E-book

Adam Giertl - Ľudmila Elbert

Collection of Papers from the 8th Student Symposium held on April 20–21, 2015 in Danišovce

The capture of the historic Syrian city of Palmyra by fighters of the radical Islamic State caused shock among the global public. The main reason is the barbarism with which this organization proceeds, not only in relation to the treasures of the world’s cultural heritage. The situation in the Middle East, where cultural treasures of inestimable value are under direct threat, demonstrates how fragile the world’s cultural heritage is. The reaction of the international public and world leaders shows how sensitively the destruction of cultural heritage is perceived.

The quoted statement chosen by the editors relates to the threat posed by the Islamic State—however, the spirit of this statement can be applied to any cultural wealth that forms part of the world’s cultural heritage. The destruction or damage of these values primarily represents a loss for humanity as such. Each destroyed artifact of world cultural heritage signifies the disappearance of a unique legacy left by previous generations for the future. At the same time, cultural heritage must be understood as a broad spectrum of assets—both tangible and intangible. Their legal protection was the topic of this year’s symposium. As with any social interest, the protection of cultural heritage can be ensured through various mechanisms and under different forms of social organization.

These diverse approaches are unified by law as a normative system. The question for the 8th year of the symposium on international law was what role international law plays in the protection of cultural heritage. In the context of the European region, the role of the European Union as a regional organization was examined.

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