Practical lessons in medical biology

Helena Mičková -  Jozef Židzik -  Mária Mareková - Marek Stupák - 

Peter Urban

Modelové otázky na prijímacie skúšky pre bakalárske štúdium sú určené záujemcom o bakalárske študijné programy na Univerzite Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, Lekárskej fakulte. Publikácia obsahuje 500 otázok z biológie a 500 otázok z chémie, ktoré tvoria podklady písomných testov na prijímacie skúšky. Otázky na prijímacích skúškach však nemusia presne kopírovať modelové otázky. Testy z chémie a biológie pokrývajú tie okruhy učiva z predmetov biológia a chémia na slovenských gymnáziách, vedomosti z ktorých sú vyžadované od poslucháčov bakalárskych študijných smerov (napr. ošetrovateľstvo, fyzioterapia, verejné zdravotníctvo). Otázky z biológie a z chémie sú predkladané v dvoch samostatných celkoch. Odpovede na otázky sú riešené formou ponúkaných variantných odpovedí, obsahujúcich správne aj nesprávne možnosti. Správne odpovede sú vyznačené v kľúči na konci publikácie.

Príklady z chémie tvoria zvláštnu časť, v ktorej nie sú ponúkané variantné odpovede. Pre lepšiu kontrolu správnosti výpočtu je v zátvorke uvedený jeden správny výsledok (z viacerých možných – líšiacich sa napr. v jednotkách – gramy, miligramy, móly). Autori publikácie sa snažili minimalizovať možné chyby v texte a vyhnúť sa nejednoznačným formuláciám otázok a odpovedí. Modelové otázky sú okrem prípravy na prijímacie skúšky na UPJŠ LF v Košiciach vhodné aj na zopakovanie gymnaziálneho učiva z biológie a chémie pred maturitnou skúškou.

Mária Zamboriová - Lucia Dimunová - Valéria Parová 

Mária Sováriová Soósová - Gabriela Štefková

Healthcare professionals are expected to provide quality, evidence-based health care with an emphasis
on patient safety. Nursing Care - Clinica/ Procedures II is a guidebook of practical procedures for
nurses and medical students and practitioners working in health care setting. This book reflects
changes in nursing, professional, and national guidelines. It should help you to achieve essential
knowledge, abilities and skills in area of vital signs monitoring, reduced mobility care, nutrition and
hydration care, medicine management, blood transfusion management, blood sampling,and care of elimination. To provide clear structure, each topic begins with brief introduction, continues with description of indications, contraindications and possible complications of procedure, necessary equipment and step-by-step procedure implementation supported by illustrations and additional information. 

Od zdravotníckych pracovníkov sa očakáva poskytovanie kvalitnej zdravotnej starostlivosti založenej na dôkazoch s dôrazom na bezpečnosť pacientov. Ošetrovateľská starostlivosť - Klinické postupy ll je príručka praktických postupov pre sestry a študentov medicíny a lekárov pracujúcich v zdravotníckom prostredí. Táto učebnica odráža zmeny v ošetrovateľských, odborných a národných smerniciach.Učebnica má za cieľ pomôcť dosiahnuť základné vedomosti, schopnosti a zručnosti v oblasti monitorovania vitálnych funkcií, starostlivosti o zníženú pohyblivosť, starostlivosti o výživu a
hydratáciu, manažment aplikácie liekov, manažment podávania transfúzie krvi, odberu krvi a
starostlivosti o elimináciu. Aby sa zabezpečila jasná štruktúra, každá téma sa začína krátkym úvodom, pokračuje opisom indikácií, kontraindikácií a možných komplikácií postupu, potrebného vybavenia a zavedenia postupu krok za krokom, podporeného ilustráciami a ďalšími informáciami. 

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Andrea Madarasová Gecková - Daniela Husárová   a kol.

National Report on the Health and Health-Related Behaviour of 11-, 13-, and 15-Year-Old Schoolchildren Based on the Survey Conducted in 2021/2022 within the International Project “Health Behaviour in School-aged Children” (HBSC)

For several years, this study has provided us with key insights for a better understanding of the health-related behaviour of our young people. It examines a range of health-related topics such as sleep, mental well-being, nutritional behaviour, and physical activity. Important areas of research also include school and social relationships within it, family and family background, as well as peer relationships.

The findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms influencing differences and changes in young people’s health and risk behaviours. They are crucial for the development of effective health promotion programmes and health-related behavioural interventions, educational programmes in this field, and for monitoring their effectiveness—not only at the national but also at the international level. The knowledge gained is important for a better understanding of the needs of schoolchildren and for adapting services and systemic support so that these needs are taken into account to the greatest possible extent in today’s rapidly changing world. The study can help us understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of both mental and physical health.

The pandemic and the related epidemiological and hygiene measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus have meant significant restrictions in the daily lives of people of all ages—including children and adolescents. The standard educational process, social contact with peers, extracurricular activities, and other interests both in and out of school were severely disrupted, which had a significant impact on the experiences of schoolchildren.

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Mária Pallayová - Štefan Kujaník

The “Textbook of Practical Physiology, Part I - Cardiovascular Physiology” by Mária Pallayová and Štefan Kujaník is a practical textbook of Human Physiology intended for English speaking medical students from general medicine and dentistry curricula.

The textbook covers basic principles in cardiovascular physiology and methods of the cardiovascular examination. Adequate knowledge of the cardiovascular physiology is important for the understanding of cardiovascular system function, as well as for the diagnosis and proper treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases. The practical tasks are constructed to facilitate knowledge acquisition and encourage students to develop practical skills, for instance the ability to follow experimental protocols, to work as part of a team, and to interpret data.

The textbook is written in English and comprises 91 pages in B5 format, grouped into twelve chapters. Each chapter is divided into six sections (Introduction, Principle, Importance, Materials, Procedure, and Protocol) to facilitate students’ understanding of the topics and assist them with preparation of the laboratory reports. The text is accompanied by explanatory figures, graphs, and tables that contribute to the learning experience.

Authors

Alžbeta Blichárová a kolektív

„Patológia 1. časť (zimný semester) - Praktické cvičenia pre študentov zubného lekárstva“ je prvou časťou vysokoškolskej učebnice predstavujúcou prvú polovicu výučby (zimný semester). V tejto časti je popísaných 54 diagnóz, kde každej je venovaná jedna strana. V popise je uvedené poradové číslo zhodujúce sa s číslom preparátu a názov danej diagnózy. Študent sa pri každom preparáte oboznámi so základnými informáciami o danej chorobe, jej makroskopickým a mikroskopickým obrazom. Navyše je vytvorené miesto, v ktorom si študent môže zaznačiť (nakresliť) charakteristický obraz danej choroby. Preparáty v tejto učebnici sú zamerané na všeobecnú patológiu – regresívne zmeny, progresívne zmeny, pigmentáciu, hojenie, zápaly a nádory.

Tým, že učebnica umožňuje preparáty zakresľovať, vytvára študentom priestor pre trvalejšie zapamätanie si danej problematiky. Je vynikajúcim zdrojom pre prípravu študentov na kolokvium a ústnu skúšku.

Vincent Nagy

Predkladaná monografia sa komplexne venuje problematike urolitiázy. Má 19 kapitol, ktoré zahrňujú celú šírku problematiky urolitiázy a to epidemiológiu, etiológiu, typy konkrementov, osobitné situácie pri urolitiáze, diagnostiku urolitiázy, zobrazovacie vyšetrovacie metódy pri urolitiáze, konzervatívnu liečbu urolitiázy, chirurgické a endoskopické metódy liečby urolitiázy, metafylaxiu konkrementov a konkrementy v močovom mechúri. V monografii sa zdôrazňuje význam individuálneho rozhodovania o optimálnom spôsobe liečby. Do úvahy sa berie veľkosť konkrementov, ich počet, lokalizácia, anatomické predpoklady a röntgenologické charakteristiky. Pri plánovaní aktívnej liečby sa zdôrazňuje význam resp. potreba zobrazovacími metódami vyšetriť aj anatómiu vývodných močových ciest. Nezastupiteľné miesto, najmä v prípadoch viacpočetnej a opakujúcej sa urolitiázy a geneticky podmienenej urolitiázy, má kompletné metabolické vyšetrenie. Dokumentuje všetky moderné spôsoby diagnostiky a liečby urolitázy. Metodicky opisuje liečbu urolitiázy – akútny management pri renálnej kolike, pri urosepse pri konkrementom zablokovanej obličke a v tehotenstve. Prevažná väčšina pacientov s urolitiázou je liečená farmakologicky a semininvazívnymi technikami. Vychádza sa z vlastných skúseností, komentuje využitie extrakorporálnej litotripsie, endoskopických metód, stentov. Monografia venuje pozornosť aj auxiliárnym metódam, ktoré sa používajú v liečbe urolitiázy, liečbe sprievodnej infekcie, poranení obličiek a močových ciest, poranení okolitých orgánov, rôznych spôsobov derivácie moču, krvácania. V závere sú spomenuté kalcifikácie pri obličkových tumoroch.

Autor

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Štefan Tóth

Dyslipidemia is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted, leading to changes in therapeutic recommendations for dyslipidemia. These scripts aim to provide readers in the introductory chapters with information on the basic management of patients with dyslipidemia, procedures, target levels, and available medications and their combinations for achieving target levels, focusing on the practical aspect of dyslipidemia treatment. In the special section of the script, an overview is provided of the basic characteristics, studies of individual available hypolipemics, as well as hypolipemics that are not yet on our market or are still in the stage of clinical trials

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Ladislav Kočan - Dušan Rybár - Róbert Rapčan

The autonomic nervous system is a vital component of the peripheral nervous system, responsible for maintaining homeostasis and regulating internal processes within the body. Unlike the voluntary control exerted by the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system operates involuntarily, innervating smooth organs, vessels, skin glands, and even exerting some influence over skeletal muscles in connection with vegetative functions such as breathing, digestion, and the urinary and gonadal systems. Its impact extends crucially to the cardiac muscles of the heart and plays a significant role in endocrine and metabolic functions, thermoregulation, as well as emotional and behavioral responses, including adaptive reactions to stressors.

The aim of this publication is to provide a comprehensive and objective exploration of the anatomical and physiological intricacies of the autonomic nervous system, offering insights into its clinical applications. Within these pages, we meticulously delineate various interventional therapeutic procedures tailored to specific diagnoses related to the autonomic nervous system, aligning each intervention with the anatomical framework of the autonomic system. The efficacy of these procedures is evaluated based on the level of evidence, as per the current recommendations of Evidence-Based Medicine.

This publication is primarily crafted for fifth and sixth-year medical students and medical professionals specializing in anesthesiology, intensive care, and pain medicine. It serves as a valuable resource for gaining a deeper understanding of autonomic nervous system function and its clinical implications, facilitating informed decision-making in clinical practice.

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 Helena Mičková a kol. 

Alžbeta Blichárová a kolektív

“Pathology Part 1 (winter semester) - Practical lessons for students of general medicine” represents the first half of the university textbook designed for the pregradual study of pathology. The textbook complements the lectures of pathology and serves as a source of information for students of general medicine, that are preparing for the practical as well as the final oral examination.

In this part of the “Pathology” series, seventy selected histopathological slides are presented. Each selected slide is provided with general information in relation to etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, as well as with corresponding morphological features, including the gross appearance and the most important histopathological characteristics. The textbook summarizes the basic concepts of general pathology that are necessary to master the broad field of systemic pathology in the second semester.

Keywords: general pathology – histopathological slides – general medicine – gross appearance – microscopic image

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Ján Varga

The cancer is the second most common reason of the death in human population. lt is responsible for approximately 10 million of death every year. Oncogynecology represents · one of the most pr ogressive part of gynecology. The interest is focused on vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, fallopian tube carcinoma, ovarian cancer as well as breast cancer. Due to the range of the issue there are own workplaces ta king care just for the patients with oncogyneco logical diseases. The knowledge from oncogynecology are inevitably needed to pass the state exam as well as specialization from Gynecology and obstetrics. The presented publication is focused to mentioned oncogynecological diseases.

The anatomy and histology of the vulva, vagína, cervix, uterus, fallop ian tube and ovary are described in detail. Every described carcinoma contains part about etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic, classification and therapy. The paper contains information suitable for students of medical faculties as well as young doctors before specialization.

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Ján Kučera - Eva Kovaľová - Juraj Strecha

Peri-implantation diseases such as peri-implantitis and mucositis have a wide range of prevalence. Several etiological factors and the interaction of risk factors influence their onset and development. Careful investigation determines the diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Treatment, depending on the condition, is either non-surgical or surgical. Systematic postoperative care, a recall system, and patient instruction and cooperation are essential, which create the preconditions for successful implant treatment.

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Erik Dosedla

Laparoscopic surgical techniques are among the most frequently performed operations today. Throughout their short history, they have undergone many modifications, mainly related to miniaturization and the development of computer technology. The rapid development of laparoscopy over the last twenty years has led to changes in the indications, with minimally invasive procedures gradually replacing standard classical procedures.

Laparoscopic surgery offers significant benefits to the patient, but it also increases the demands on the surgical team.

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Ivana Valočíková - Ivana Jochmanová a kolektív

Cieľom projektu KEGA je vydanie vysokoškolskej učebnice, ktorá sa zaoberá vyšetrovacími metódami vo vnútornom lekárstve. Vhodne zvolené vyšetrovacie metódy sú popri fyzikálnom vyšetrení a podrobnej anamnéze pilierom diagnostiky jednotlivých chorôb. Poznanie, ale najmä adekvátne používanie vyšetrovacích metód patrí k základným znalostiam každého lekára. V súčasnosti nie je na Slovensku dostupná žiadna publikácia s komplexným prehľadom vyšetrovacích metód vo vnútornom lekárstve. Tento typ učebnice by sa takto mohol stať základným zdrojom pre získanie informácií o možnostiach, výbere, použití jednotlivých vyšetrovacích metód pri jednotlivých chorobách vo vnútornom lekárstve. Publikácia bude slúžiť ako študijný materiál pre študentov v pregraduálnej forme štúdia, ale aj v rámci špecializačného štúdia. Učebnica bude praktickým pokračovaním vysokoškolskej učebnice „Interná propedeutika“, ktorá bola vydaná v rámci riešenia KEGA projektu 022UPJŠ-4/12011 v rokoch 2011 -2013. Učebnica bola vydaná v r. 2014, druhé vydanie učebnice bolo začiatkom  roku 2022.

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Pavol Joppa a kol.

University textbooks address the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis of the most significant non-specific respiratory diseases, including bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonias, pleural syndrome, lung cancer, interstitial lung diseases (including exogenous allergic alveolitis and sarcoidosis), and sleep apnea syndrome.

The final section on non-specific diseases discusses chronic cor pulmonale as the primary cardiovascular complication of chronic pulmonary diseases.

The last chapter focuses on the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pulmonary and extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, addressing the scope of phthisiology

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Tatiana Kimáková a kol.

Ethics, as the science of the proper realization of human potential in various areas of life, also extends into the environment. For understanding the ethical aspects in this field, a thorough knowledge of the individual components of the environment, as well as their impact not only on humans but on all living nature, is very important. Therefore, questions concerning the influence of the environment are increasingly at the forefront of interest from an ethical perspective, also in connection with existing legal norms.

The modern process of civilization is characterized by rapid development of science and technology. However, this development, while raising the standard of living on one hand, also brings negative side effects on the other. The result is the disruption of ecological, biological, and natural life conditions, especially in the areas of industrial centers. The development of individual branches of industry leads to the production of liquid, gaseous, and solid wastes, the emergence of harmful risk factors threatening various components of living nature, including humans. There may be increased bioaccumulation of hazardous chemical elements in organisms, which, through their effects, represent a potential risk also in terms of carcinogenesis and mutagenesis.

For this reason, an important role of society is to create conditions to prevent the release of emissions and to reduce their concentration to the lowest possible, socially and biologically acceptable level. The assessment of the biological effects of harmful substances is based on experimental and epidemiological studies. Knowledge of concentration and duration of exposure is crucial for applying dose-effect relationships and for determining the highest permissible concentrations of pollutants. The health of the population, as a universal value and a primary human right, represents a fundamental economic resource not only for the individual, but also for society as a whole.

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