Základy výskumu v zdravotníctve

E-book

Magdaléna Hagovská - Alena Buková - Ľubomír Lachváč

Overweight as a risk factor for the development of civilization diseases and urogenital dysfunctions

Overweight and obesity represent a significant risk factor for the development of several diseases of civilisation, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and various forms of cancer. They also contribute significantly to urogenital dysfunctions such as urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and pelvic organ prolapse. Mechanisms that link excess weight to these dysfunctions include increased intra-abdominal pressure, hormonal changes, and chronic inflammatory processes that negatively affect the structure and function of the urogenital system. Prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity are therefore crucial not only in terms of reducing the risk of civilization diseases, but also in improving the quality of life through the prevention and treatment of urogenital dysfunctions.

Download the e-book for free (pdf)

E-book

Andrea Madarasová Gecková - Daniela Husárová   a kol.

National Report on the Health and Health-Related Behaviour of 11-, 13-, and 15-Year-Old Schoolchildren Based on the Survey Conducted in 2021/2022 within the International Project “Health Behaviour in School-aged Children” (HBSC)

For several years, this study has provided us with key insights for a better understanding of the health-related behaviour of our young people. It examines a range of health-related topics such as sleep, mental well-being, nutritional behaviour, and physical activity. Important areas of research also include school and social relationships within it, family and family background, as well as peer relationships.

The findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms influencing differences and changes in young people’s health and risk behaviours. They are crucial for the development of effective health promotion programmes and health-related behavioural interventions, educational programmes in this field, and for monitoring their effectiveness—not only at the national but also at the international level. The knowledge gained is important for a better understanding of the needs of schoolchildren and for adapting services and systemic support so that these needs are taken into account to the greatest possible extent in today’s rapidly changing world. The study can help us understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of both mental and physical health.

The pandemic and the related epidemiological and hygiene measures aimed at limiting the spread of the virus have meant significant restrictions in the daily lives of people of all ages—including children and adolescents. The standard educational process, social contact with peers, extracurricular activities, and other interests both in and out of school were severely disrupted, which had a significant impact on the experiences of schoolchildren.

Download the e-book for free (pdf)

E-book

Adriana Boleková - Natália Hvizdošová (eds.)

Košický morfologický deň je každoročné májové stretnutie morfológov, ktorého sa zúčastňujú najmä košické morfologické pracoviská. Pri tejto príležitosti sa pravidelne vydáva zborník vedeckých prác. Tohoročný zborník je vydaný pri príležitosti 27. košického morfologického dňa. V zborníku autori prezentujú výsledky svojej vedecko-výskumnej a pedagogickej činnosti, ktoré majú charakter teoretických prehľadových štúdií a výskumných prác.

Download the e-book for free (pdf)

Miroslav Gajdoš - Vladimír Kaťuch

  „Neurochirurgia pre študentov medicíny“ je určená pre študentov lekárskych fakúlt. Základné informácie o neurochirurgii získajú aj študenti príbuzných odborov /zubné lekárstvo/, ale aj absolventi lekárskych fakúlt v začiatkoch svojej klinickej praxe.

Učebný text je rozdelený do desiatich kapitol. Tie sa ďalej delia na podkapitoly.

Prvá kapitola je zameraná na dejiny chirurgie, následne na dejiny neurochirurgie. V tejto kapitole autor pripomína, že operované lebky patria k najstarším dôkazom operačnej činnosti našich predkov. 

Druhá a tretia kapitola  je venovaná diagnostike a základným operačným výkonom.

Pre pochopenie patologicko-fyziologických dejov je potrebné pozorne preštudovať štvrtú kapitolu, v ktorej autor popisuje základné patologické mechanizmy, ktoré pôsobia na povrchu ale aj v hĺbke mozgových tkanív.

Piata kapitola je venovaná závažnej problematike  -  vrodeným chybám mozgu, miechy a ich podporných štruktúr.

Nie menej závažnou problematikou pre neurochirurgov sú nádory CNS,  periférnych nervov, lebky a chrbtice. Tie sú popísané v šiestej kapitole.                 

V siedmej kapitole sú popísané cievne ochorenia CNS: autor popisuje aneuryzmy mozgových ciev, ich diagnostiku a liečbu, ďalej cievne malformácie mozgu, artériovenózne malformácie mozgu a v neposlednom rade spinálne artériovenózne malformácie.

8. kapitola je čo do obsahu najrozsiahlejšia. Prináša informácie o poranení pacientov pri úraze. O ich závažnosti, diagnostike a možnej liečbe – konzervatívnej a chirurgickej.

9. kapitola je venovaná nie menej závažnej problematike, a to degeneratívnym ochoreniam chrbtice.

V 10. kapitole sa autor venuje najnovším metódam liečby chronickej bolesti a epileptochirurgii.

E-book
Mária Rašiová
The textbook entitled Selected Vascular Diseases is intended for medical students and physicians who specialize in internal medicine and angiology. Its goal is to present some lesser-known vascular diseases, or clinical conditions requiring rapid diagnosis. The text analyzes diseases occurring less frequently in clinical practice, such as aortitis, vascular malformations, peripheral arteriovenous malformations, pelvic venous diseases, and Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome. The textbook also addresses conditions that require rapid diagnosis, such as acute mesenteric ischemia and infectious aortitis. Within the scope of vasoneuroses, it describes Raynaud's phenomenon and childhood vascular diseases, such as hemangiomas. The text also touches on late complications associated with arteriovenous shunts in patients treated with hemodialysis.
Download the e-book for free

E-book

Zuzana Dankulincová, Daniela Husárová

In the context of the deteriorating state of adolescent mental health, it is extremely important to optimize the existing mental health care system in Slovakia. There is still little comprehensive and coherent information about the functioning of the system and the process of providing assistance within professional care, its shortcomings or suggestions for improvement. This is not possible without a deep knowledge of the perspective and experiences of adolescents with mental problems themselves. The aim of this publication is therefore to present adolescents' views on the professional assistance provided as a result of experienced mental problems within the existing care system in Slovakia.

The findings from a qualitative study that focused on the views of young people themselves are presented. The chapters of the monograph capture their views on the perception of mental health problems in society, their experiences with identifying emerging problems and seeking professional help, and their experiences with the care process itself and its forms. They also capture their overall experience with both care and care providers, as well as with leaving care and its impacts in various areas. Finally, a view is presented of possible recommendations that could improve the mental health care provided from the adolescents' perspective.

This publication is intended primarily for all professionals working with adolescents with mental health problems in all branches of care, teachers and other educational staff who are in contact with them every day at school, and last but not least, all competent policy makers who care about the mental health of adolescents and have the power to improve the care provided to them.

Download the e-book for free (pdf.)

E-book

Vladimíra Timková a kol.

Slovakia has one of the highest mortality rates from preventable and treatable causes. The latest data also shows that within the EU, we have the highest mortality rate from cancer. A person's health is influenced by a combination of genetics, different life circumstances, and personal decisions. While we do not have control over all of these factors, proper eating habits, regular physical activity, and quality sleep can significantly contribute to preventing health problems and chronic diseases. However, many people face barriers such as financial constraints, work overload, or a lack of reliable information and knowledge. In Slovakia, almost half of the population cannot afford to purchase nutritious food, which makes the situation even more difficult. Therefore, we have prepared a practical guide with simple, affordable, and time-efficient recommendations aimed at improving health and quality of life. The publication provides an overview of the latest research and expert recommendations related to healthy eating, sleep hygiene, physical activity, mental health improvement, building resilience and healthy relationships, and also includes important advice on how to increase motivation for health behaviour change.

Download the e-book for free (pdf)

Ingrid Hodorová a kol. 

„Pracovný zošit z anatómie“ je určený pre výučbu študentov nelekárskych bakalárskych odborov ako doplnkový študijný materiál. Z dôvodu, že študenti uvedených odborov nemajú možnosť kontaktu s reálnymi anatomickými štruktúrami je pre nich výučba predmetu anatómie neatraktívna. Veríme, že predkladaný pracovný zošit so svojimi ilustráciami anatomických štruktúr umožní študentom aktívnejšie sa zapojiť do vyučovacieho procesu, čím sa pre nich predmet anatómie stane prístupnejší a atraktívnejší.

Kolektív autorov

Michal Legiňa kol.

Progress in biology and medicine has always been significantly related to advances in physics. Not only has physics supplied instruments and methods of measurement that have led to many discoveries in physiology and medicine, but methods of physical research have changed many of the older approaches to the biologic sciences. Such circumstances have even led to development of a new scientific field: biophysics, which uses to a great extent physical instrumentation procedures applied to an experimental system. Because any instrument is an additional factor in any experimental system, it may affect the data. To interpret physical data on biological material correctly then, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of instrument response.

A practical course enables a student to acquire some skills, experience and methodological knowledge for performance of experiments and evaluation of measured data. Due to the fast development of instrumentation technology, it is not possible to teach every operation and procedure upon instruments we may use in a future. Besides the basic physical principles, the aim of a practical course is to point out some general rules and skills for instrument operation and for the interpretation of the measured values derived from such operation.

There are two kinds of lessons in practical courses. The first one focuses on laboratory measurements of some important physical quantities and the evaluation of the measured data. These measured quantities are components of the subject “medical biophysics” or of the phenomena studied. Experience provided in managing various scales and tables, as well as in the construction of tables and graphs is substantial. Lessons also enable students to repeat and to strengthen their knowledge of secondary school physics, which is useful for understanding of many phenomena studied in medical biophysics. The second kind of lesson provides experience with some of the diagnostic and therapeutic medical instruments, which can be seen in practical medicine.

The understanding of basic physical principles of corresponding instruments is both recommended and demanded. Theoretical preparation is not only an appropriate condition for the practical managing of the whole lesson, but also helps to avoid injury. This textbook, therefore, intends to help students in preparing for both the practical lessons and the final exam.

Authors

M.Stupák - P.Urban - J.Mašlanková - M.Mareková

E-book

Ahmad Gharaibeh - Marek Lacko

Authors describe the clinical and paraclinical examination methods necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic diseases in both children and adults.

The examination methods are categorized based on individual anatomical locations. A valuable chapter discusses joint aspirations, detailing their indications, techniques for performing them, and potential complications. The chapter showcasing patient documentation for students serves as a significant aid for practical exams before the state final examination in surgery.

This work appropriately complements the available educational literature required for international undergraduate students in general medicine, as well as for physicians in specialized training in orthopedics and related fields.

Download e-book for free (pdf)

E-book

Daniela Filakovská- Shoshana Chovan- Zuzana Dankulincová

Dnes sú to už celé generácie odopierania príležitostí pre napĺňanie potenciálu a storočia diskriminácie, ktoré oberajú deti v marginalizovaných komunitách o detstvo tak ako ho poznáme my ostatní, ktorí sme mali viac „šťastia“. Tak, ako sa generácie ľudí v marginalizovaných komunitách točia v kruhu chudoby, z ktorého niet ľahkej cesty, tak sa aj my točíme v bludnom kruhu hľadania vinníkov a odovzdávania si predsudkov a stereotypov založených na mylných predpokladoch, ktoré sú tak zakorenené a samozrejmé, že mnohých ľudí ani nenapadne o nich pochybovať, spochybňovať ich logiku, či sa snažiť ich vyvracať. Spoločnosť na základe vlastných ideálov s ľahkosťou súdi matky či otcov, že nie sú dosť dobrí. Omnoho ťažšia cesta je však snažiť sa pochopiť, čo im v tom bráni. Povedať, že za stratené detstvo detí v marginalizovaných komunitách môžu rodičia, je príliš zjednodušené a nezohľadňuje to omnoho širší kontext a súvislosti. A práve vplyv tohoto kontextu na raný vývin a hľadanie súvislostí je naším cieľom. Nielen preto, že si uvedomujeme potrebu búrať stereotypy a meniť spoločenský diskurz, no najmä preto, aby sme vedeli priniesť dôkazy, na základe ktorých bude možné tvoriť politiky, smerovať intervencie a pomôcť tak ďalším generáciám detí dosiahnuť na príležitosti, ktoré im umožnia naplniť svoj plný potenciál.

Download e-book for free (pdf)

Gabriela Štefková - Mária Zamboriová

We would like to introduce the study material „A small phrases book for Nursing Care“, which was developed to help foreign medical students, who study at Slovak medical faculties, to communicate, in Slovak with patients and medical staff.

The book is English based and is therefore suitable for both classroom use and for self-study. It provides a key for vocabulary, useful phrases, since it is likely that patients will use them.

Vocabulary is organized according to specific nursing area from a few basic nursing condition and its aim is to intensify the learning process.

We hope that this textbook will help you to overcome some difficulties in Slovak communication and make your training in hospitals easier and more efficient. The authors take no personal responsibility for any effects resulting from the act of the following procedure.

Authors

E-publication

Eva Slabá-Helena Mičková-Jozef Židzik-Lucia Klimčáková-Janka Vašková

Teaching texts „Practical Lessons in Medical biology“ provide the theoretical foundations of microscopy, various microscopic techniques and preparation of microscopic slides in an understandable form. The chapters of the teaching texts contain model questions and tasks from cytology, molecular biology and genetics enabling students to acquire new knowledge from individual thematic areas and provide instructions for the implementation of tasks during laboratory lessons in medical biology. Teaching texts are primarily intended for the practical lessons in the subjects Biology 1 and Biology 2 for foreign students of the first year of General Medicine and the subjects Medical Biology and Genetics and Regenerative Medicine for foreign students of the first and second year of Dental Medicine at P. J. Šafárik University in Košice – Faculty of Medicine.

Download the e-book for free (pdf)

E-book

Kvetoslava Rimárová

This manual is published as an auxiliary methodological script for students of bachelor and master courses of medical faculties - especially bachelor and master courses of ‘Public Health’.

Students of general medicine and dentistry can also use these teaching texts as an educational aid when studying the subject “Hygiene”, which is taught either on its own or as part of broader subjects, e.g. “Public Health”. 

Download the e-book for free (pdf)

Tatiana Kimáková

Táto vedecká monografia je komplexnou vedeckou prácou zameranou na prítomnosť a pôsobenie ortuti v životnom prostredí, ale aj na rizikové faktory zdravia, ktoré sú s ňou spojené. Monografia predstavuje charakteristiku ortuti v multidisciplinárnom zábere, prezentuje využitie v priemysle a v zdravotníctve, popisuje negatívne vplyvy ortuti v životnom prostredí, na zdravotný stav obyvateľstva. Zároveň prináša návrhy a odporúčania pre rizikové skupiny ľudí. Súčasťou monografie je komplexný výskum koncentrácie ortuti vo vzorkách komodít domácej i zahraničnej produkcie a vo vzorkách rastlín pomocou atómového absorpčného spektrometra AMA 254. Vedecká monografia je vhodná pre vedeckú komunitu, študentov medicínskych, veterinárnych, prírodovedných a poľnohospodárskych odborov ako aj pre študentov verejného zdravotníctva všetkých troch stupňov vysokoškolského štúdia. Monografia je učená aj pre všetkých záujemcov z radov informovanej verejnosti.

Autorka