Psychoonkologie

Alena Plháková

Psychologie citlivě reaguje na předmět svého vědeckého zkoumání, kterým je lidská mysl a její proměny v prudce se vyvíjejícím světě. Údaje, které dříve nashromáždila, například o lidské sexualitě, motivaci nebo o rozdílech mezi muži a ženami, nezůstávají trvale platné, takže neustále vznikají její nové koncepty, směry a metodologické přístupy.
   
Na dějinách psychologie se tak lze poučit nejen o proměnlivosti psychologického vědění, ale i o jeho závislosti na dobovém kulturním kontextu. Kniha mapuje vznik a vnitřní diferenciaci oboru a jeho hlavní směry ve 20. století (behaviorismus, gestaltismus, dynamická, fenomenologická, transpersonální, kognitivní psychologie, systémové teorie aj.). Stranou nezůstaly ani postmoderní proudy v současné psychologii (feministická, diskurzivní či kritická psychologie).

Každá z kapitol obsahuje stručnou charakteristiku či základní myšlenkové paradigma příslušného vývojového období, životní příběhy a hlavní myšlenky jeho významných představitelů. Jednotlivá témata jsou uspořádána přehledně a čtivě.

Nové vydání bylo obohaceno o řadu nově dostupných pramenů, díky nimž bylo možné doplnit jak pojednání o novodobých směrech v psychologii (neogestaltismus, psychologie já, teorie sociálních reprezentací, sociální konstrukcionismus a další), tak o řadě osobností poslední doby.

Publikace je určena všem studentům psychologie a ostatních humanitních oborů a také zájemcům o psychologii z řad širší veřejnosti.

E-book

Lukáš Šutor (ed.)

Contributions in the field of psychology address current issues such as normative beliefs and attitudes regarding alcohol consumption, the characteristics of loneliness, questions of pupil personality and the perception of teachers’ interaction styles. They also consider hyperexcitability (excessive psychological excitability), research theorems on injustice, and fundamental concepts and their theoretical connections in the field of self-regulation research within the context of executive functions.

In philosophy, the authors focus on selected aspects of works belonging to major currents of world philosophy (Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Plotinus, Descartes, Patočka).

In literary studies (Slovak studies), the topics include modeling the theme of death in prose texts, the depiction of technological progress in space science fiction films, and the translation work of K. Strmeň, Návštevy (Anthology of World Lyric Poetry).

In the field of social work, the authors present contributions on current trends in preventing burnout syndrome in helping professions, the use of logotherapy in foster care, certain factors enabling the emergence, development, and spread of socially pathological phenomena (“cyberbullying”), religiosity and the value of human life, and an empirical analysis of the competencies of social workers in institutional care for people with intellectual disabilities.

The political science contribution analyzes selected institutions and documents within the European system of human rights protection, while the British and American studies paper examines the relationship between metaphor and metonymy in the interpretation of the meaning of new English compounds.

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Magdaléna Halachová - Denisa Rovenská

The monograph theoretically analyzes the virtual environment and its aspects, offers insight into the identity of the child in the virtual environment, the necessity of social support and the diversity of social relationships in the real world and virtual reality.

Furthermore, it contains the fundamental training program designed to minimize the risks of the virtual reality, because adolescents are often exposed to risks uncontrollably. For that reason it focuses on adolescent and empowering optimal self-image, as well as creating and maintaining real social networks.

The set of experiential-educational activities is conceptually divided into two main areas. The first one is content-focused on the adolescent, his/her psychological capability including opinions, attitudes, emotions, competences, and self-reflection.

The second one focuses on interpersonal real and virtual relationships, the recognition of the advantages and disadvantages of internet communication and face-to-face interaction, and last but not least for more optimal use of the Internet and preference for real social interaction.

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Jozef Bavoľár - Ladislav Lovaš - Simona Ďurbisová

The process of achieving goals is one that has traditionally received significant attention in psychology. This attention is not only directed by researchers focused on motivation, with which the process of achieving goals is classically associated, but also from a wide range of other areas (e.g., emotions, personality). One aspect of goal-directed behavior that has received minimal, if not virtually no, attention is decision-making.

It is surprising to realize that various aspects of decision-making are present throughout the entire process of achieving goals - from evaluating different aspects of multiple alternative goals, through selecting among them, deciding on resource allocation (effort, time, finances, relationships...), continuously monitoring progress, to evaluating the outcome and its impact on future goal-directed behavior.

Even more surprising is that decision-making is directly addressed by one of the dominant theories explaining goal-directed behavior - the theory of mental action phases (mindset theory of action phases; Gollwitzer 1999, 2012). This theory distinguishes the pre-decisional and post-decisional phases as the first two phases of this behavior, separated precisely by the decision about which goal to pursue.

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