Memoriál MVDr. Jána Rosochu, CSc.

E-book

Erik Dosedla

A uterine scar is currently a significant medical problem. Uterine scars most commonly occur after a Cesarean section, which is one of the most frequent laparotomic surgeries (Yazicioglu et al., 2006). The frequency of Cesarean sections increased between 1990 and 2014 in the USA from 21.2% to 32.2% (Hamilton et al., 2015), in Great Britain from 12% to 26.2% (NHS Maternity Statistics - England, 2013-14: Summary Report, 2015), and in the Slovak Republic from 8.7% to 31% (Národné centrum zdravotníckych informácii, 2016).

After a Cesarean section (CS), there is a risk of abnormal healing of the uterotomic wound, which can result in the development of certain pathological conditions in consecutive pregnancies (uterine rupture, ectopic pregnancy in the Cesarean scar, placental disorders) (Seow et al., 2004; Oyelese and Smulian, 2006; Fitzpatrick et al., 2012). In addition, a defect in the Cesarean scar is associated with chronic dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and postmenstrual spotting (Wang et al., 2009; Bij de Vaate et al., 2011).

Ultrasound is a valuable examination method in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these pathological conditions.

Download e-book for free (pdf)

E-book

Ladislav Kočan-Dušan Rybár-Róbert Rapčan

The autonomic nervous system is a vital component of the peripheral nervous system, responsible for maintaining homeostasis and regulating internal processes within the body. Unlike the voluntary control exerted by the central nervous system, the autonomic nervous system operates involuntarily, innervating smooth organs, vessels, skin glands, and even exerting some influence over skeletal muscles in connection with vegetative functions such as breathing, digestion, and the urinary and gonadal systems. Its impact extends crucially to the cardiac muscles of the heart and plays a significant role in endocrine and metabolic functions, thermoregulation, as well as emotional and behavioral responses, including adaptive reactions to stressors. The aim of this publication is to provide a comprehensive and objective exploration of the anatomical and physiological intricacies of the autonomic nervous system, offering insights into its clinical applications. Within these pages, we meticulously delineate various interventional therapeutic procedures tailored to specific diagnoses related to the autonomic nervous system, aligning each intervention with the anatomical framework of the autonomic system. The efficacy of these procedures is evaluated based on the level of evidence, as per the current recommendations of Evidence-Based Medicine. This publication is primarily crafted for fifth and sixth-year medical students and medical professionals specializing in anesthesiology, intensive care, and pain medicine. It serves as a valuable resource for gaining a deeper understanding of autonomic nervous system function and its clinical implications, facilitating informed decision-making in clinical practice.

Download e-book for free (pdf)

E-book

Nikita Bobrov et al.

History of ethics represents a search for basic principle, which would enable a distinction between moral and immoral, good and bad, right and wrong. The main problem lies in motives, methods and consequences of human conduct. The integrity of medical profession puts emphasis on life-long study and practice according to the professional competence, and last but not least on ethical principles and rules of medical ethics.
Medical ethics, as a part of bioethics, is currently taking on a huge importance in everyday clinical practice and must face many serious ethical issues regarding the whole system of health care. On general level the decision-making in medical practice is quite easy, based on the requirement to always act in the patient's best interest. However, it is often difficult to know exactly what is best for the patient, in a certain situation, for this particular patient. Also with each progress in medicine and its globalization, the more aspects of human lives are being affected.

Biomedical research, and the new treatment and diagnostic methods it provides are viewed differently in each country, therefore various cultural, religious, social and legal aspects must be considered in their assessment, as well as the basic principles of medical ethics. Worldwide effort on unifying ethical regulations on certain aspects of health care led to the establishment of many legally recognized documents the doctors must be familiar with.

Teaching ethics to students of medical school aims to educate the future doctors towards ethical decision-making, behaviour and professional conduct according to the basic principles of medical ethics.
This textbook provides the basic information on medical ethics for students of medical faculties and serves as a practical introduction to the most common ethical problems of health care provision for their future professional practise.

Authors

Download the e-book for free (pdf)

E-book

Marek Šoltés - Jozef Radoňak

Laparoscopic surgery today represents the standard and, in many respects, a preferred modality of surgical treatment. The dynamics of its global expansion, enabled by advancements in biomedical technologies and the development of global information and communication channels, is unprecedented in the history of surgery. Currently, there is virtually no abdominal operation that is not performed laparoscopically, with laparoscopic procedures often being the method of choice.

Despite—or perhaps because of—the unprecedentedly rapid penetration of laparoscopic surgeries into everyday surgical practice, universally accepted technical standards are still lacking in many respects. The high variability of procedural approaches within individual laparoscopic operations stems more from the traditions of specific workplaces than from evidence-based medicine. This situation is further influenced by the development of new and revived concepts such as mini-laparoscopy, SILS (Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery), NOTES (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery), and their hybrid combinations with classical laparoscopy.

The aim of this monograph is to draw the attention of the professional community back to the fundamental principles of laparoscopic surgery, which should serve as a foundation for the effective and safe performance of laparoscopic operations, as well as a basis for a critical stance towards fashionable innovative trends.

Download the e-book for free (pdf)