Výskum v medicíne a etika

Michal Legiňa kol.

Progress in biology and medicine has always been significantly related to advances in physics. Not only has physics supplied instruments and methods of measurement that have led to many discoveries in physiology and medicine, but methods of physical research have changed many of the older approaches to the biologic sciences. Such circumstances have even led to development of a new scientific field: biophysics, which uses to a great extent physical instrumentation procedures applied to an experimental system. Because any instrument is an additional factor in any experimental system, it may affect the data. To interpret physical data on biological material correctly then, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of instrument response.

A practical course enables a student to acquire some skills, experience and methodological knowledge for performance of experiments and evaluation of measured data. Due to the fast development of instrumentation technology, it is not possible to teach every operation and procedure upon instruments we may use in a future. Besides the basic physical principles, the aim of a practical course is to point out some general rules and skills for instrument operation and for the interpretation of the measured values derived from such operation.

There are two kinds of lessons in practical courses. The first one focuses on laboratory measurements of some important physical quantities and the evaluation of the measured data. These measured quantities are components of the subject “medical biophysics” or of the phenomena studied. Experience provided in managing various scales and tables, as well as in the construction of tables and graphs is substantial. Lessons also enable students to repeat and to strengthen their knowledge of secondary school physics, which is useful for understanding of many phenomena studied in medical biophysics. The second kind of lesson provides experience with some of the diagnostic and therapeutic medical instruments, which can be seen in practical medicine.

The understanding of basic physical principles of corresponding instruments is both recommended and demanded. Theoretical preparation is not only an appropriate condition for the practical managing of the whole lesson, but also helps to avoid injury. This textbook, therefore, intends to help students in preparing for both the practical lessons and the final exam.

Authors

E-kniha

Zuzana Kozelová

Vysokoškolský učebný text Chlopňové chyby je prvou slovenskou publikáciou, ktorá sa venuje využitiu simulátorovej medicíny vo výučbe auskultácie srdca. Cieľom publikácie bolo skvalitnenie štúdia vnútorného lekárstva využitím kardiologického simulátora, ktorým disponuje Centrum simulátorovej a virtuálnej medicíny (CSVM) na Lekárskej fakulte UPJŠ. Výučbový materiál môže poslúžiť nielen ako príprava k praktickým cvičeniam so simulátorom Cardiology Patient Simulator „K“ ver 2 (Kyoto Kagaku), ale aj ako užitočná pomôcka pre študentov počas praktických cvičení pri lôžku pacienta. Študenti v publikácii nájdu okrem detailného opisu auskultačných nálezov na jednotlivých chlopniach aj podrobne vysvetlenú ich klinickú manifestáciu u pacienta pri fyzikálnom vyšetrení. Samozrejmou súčasťou sú EKG a echokardiografické nálezy a v neposlednom rade aj možnosť manažmentu jednotlivých chlopňových chýb podľa najnovších odporúčaní Európskej kardiologickej spoločnosti. Využitie publikácie je pre študentov medicíny od internej propedeutiky (3. ročník) až po záverečné štátnicové skúšky.

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E-publikácia

Miriam Kozárová

Simulátorová medicína sa stala v 21.storočí integrálnou súčasťou medicínskeho vzdelávania. Predstavuje moderný a efektívny spôsob, ako umožniť študentom medicíny, ošetrovateľstva, urgentnej medicíny a iným členom zdravotníckeho tímu bezpečne rozvíjať klinické zručnosti, rozhodovacie schopnosti a tímovú spoluprácu. Výučba s využitím simulátorov (simulation-based medical education, SBME) je predovšetkým o možnostiach, ako si vyskúšať a zažiť lekárske/ošetrovateľské/záchranárske postupy v bezpečnom prostredí a bez akéhokoľvek rizika pre skutočných pacientov.

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Gabriela Štefková - Mária Zamboriová - Mária Sováriová Soósová - Renáta Shafout

We would like to introduce the study material/textbook Nursing Care Clinical Procedures I, which was developed to cover the curriculum of Nursing Care 1 for medical students. Clinical procedures are an essential component of nursing practice. The textbook contains four main chapters. Each chapter begins with a general explanation of the topic, followed by detailed method description of procedures to help students deliver high - quality care to patients. Some chapters also include appendi xes in order to pick up some special examples from clinical practice. The textbook strongly describes bandages because a carelessly or improperly applied bandage can cause discomfort to the patient, in many cases it may expose the wound to the danger of infection. To the best of wound knowledge, these procedures reflect currently accepted clinical practice and up-to-date information. The textbook can be easily integrated into an educational programme and can be used in the laboratory as well as in clinical practice. During the preparation of this textbook the information, facts, notes, publications, books and literature presented in the references section were also used. The publication include DVD, which is concentrated on applying bandages from head to lower extremity. DVD was developed in cooperation during IRES project. The student can also find additional information to study by following references. The reading level of Nursing Care Clinical Procedures I is designed to be comprehensible to as many students as possible, including those for whom Engl ish is a second language. We hope that this textbook will be useful to all readers. The authors take no personal responsibility for applying this information to a particular clinical practice
situation.